基于漏失压力极限法的压力衰竭气藏大位移水平井井身结构设计
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摘要
地层压力衰竭气藏在油气压力下降后,岩石特性参数以及地应力会发生改变,如果沿用压力未衰竭时的井身结构设计方案将会导致井身结构设计不合理,易发生井漏、井塌等井下复杂情况。为此,在分析压力衰竭地层大位移水平井钻井难点与对策的基础上,将井筒最大液柱压力与漏失压力平衡作为初步确定套管下深的约束条件,同时考虑循环当量密度的影响,建立了压力衰竭气藏水平井井身结构设计方法,并在莺歌海盆地东方1-1气田进行了现场应用。研究结果表明:(1)井内压力平衡的上限取漏失压力,其值等于水平最小主地应力;(2)水平最小主地应力将随着气藏开采地层流体压力的降低而减小;(3)套管下入极限深度受到钻井液循环当量密度(ECD)的制约,即随着水平段的延伸,环空压耗将增加至压漏临界点深度;(4)东方1-1气田主力储层地层压力衰竭严重,井身结构优化后采用四开井身结构,使得3个不同压力体系的储层不同存于一个裸眼井段,有效地降低了井下复杂情况的发生概率。结论认为,该方法可为压力衰竭气藏的大位移水平井井身结构设计提供理论依据。
The rock characteristic parameters and earth stress of pressure depleted gas reservoirs are changed after the oil/gas pressure drops,so the casing program used for undepleted reservoirs is not suitable any longer and it tends to bring about complex downhole situations,e.g.circulation loss and well collapse.In this paper,the difficulties and countermeasures of extended reach horizontal wells in pressure depleted reservoirs were analyzed.Then,a method to design the casing program of horizontal well in pressure depleted reservoirs was developed with the balance between the maximum wellbore fluid column pressure and the leakage pressure as the constraint to determine the casing running depth while considering the effect of equivalent circulation density(ECD).Finally,this design method was applied on site in the Dongfang 1-1 Gas Field,Yinggehai Basin.And the following research results were obtained.First,the leakage pressure is taken as the upper limit of borehole balance pressure,which is equal to the minimum horizontal major earth stress.Second,the minimum horizontal major earth stress decreases with the drop of the fluid pressure in the producing zones of gas reservoirs.Third,the casing running depth limit is controlled by the ECD of drilling fluid.That is to say the annulus pressure loss will increase to the depth of critical leakage point as the horizontal section extends.Fourth,the pressure of the principal reservoir in the Dongfang 1-1 Gas Field is depleted seriously.And its optimized casing program is four-spudding structure,in which the reservoirs of 3 different pressure systems are not arranged in the same open hole section and the occurrence probability of complex downhole situations is reduced effectively.In conclusion,this method provides a theoretical basis for the design of casing program of extended reach horizontal wells in pressure depleted reservoirs.
The rock characteristic parameters and earth stress of pressure depleted gas reservoirs are changed after the oil/gas pressure drops,so the casing program used for undepleted reservoirs is not suitable any longer and it tends to bring about complex downhole situations,e.g.circulation loss and well collapse.In this paper,the difficulties and countermeasures of extended reach horizontal wells in pressure depleted reservoirs were analyzed.Then,a method to design the casing program of horizontal well in pressure depleted reservoirs was developed with the balance between the maximum wellbore fluid column pressure and the leakage pressure as the constraint to determine the casing running depth while considering the effect of equivalent circulation density(ECD).Finally,this design method was applied on site in the Dongfang 1-1 Gas Field,Yinggehai Basin.And the following research results were obtained.First,the leakage pressure is taken as the upper limit of borehole balance pressure,which is equal to the minimum horizontal major earth stress.Second,the minimum horizontal major earth stress decreases with the drop of the fluid pressure in the producing zones of gas reservoirs.Third,the casing running depth limit is controlled by the ECD of drilling fluid.That is to say the annulus pressure loss will increase to the depth of critical leakage point as the horizontal section extends.Fourth,the pressure of the principal reservoir in the Dongfang 1-1 Gas Field is depleted seriously.And its optimized casing program is four-spudding structure,in which the reservoirs of 3 different pressure systems are not arranged in the same open hole section and the occurrence probability of complex downhole situations is reduced effectively.In conclusion,this method provides a theoretical basis for the design of casing program of extended reach horizontal wells in pressure depleted reservoirs.
引文
[1]李剑波,郑华.大位移井钻井技术[J].断块油气田,1997,4(5):51-54.Li Jianbo&Zheng Hua.Drilling technology of large displacement well[J].Fault-Block Oil and Gas Field,1997,4(5):51-54.
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[3]覃成锦,高德利,唐海雄,魏宏安.南海流花超大位移井井身结构设计方法[J].石油钻采工艺,2006,28(1):13-14.Qin Chengjin,Gao Deli,Tang Haixiong&Wei Hong′an.Design method of well structure for super-large displacement wells in South China Sea Liuhua[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2006,28(1):13-14.
[4]窦玉玲.大位移井井身结构设计探讨[J].特种油气藏,2013,20(5):141-144.Dou Yuling.Discussion on well structure design of large displacement well[J].Special Oil&Gas Reservoirs,2013,20(5):141-144.
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[6]郑双进,贾世文,张文敏,余勤.水平井井身结构设计之压漏校核新方法[J].石油钻采工艺,2013,35(3):16-18.Zheng Shuangjin,Jia Shiwen,Zhang Wenmin&Yu Qin.Leakage check method of casing program design for horizontal wells[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2013,35(3):16-18.
[7]葛洪魁.水平井井身结构设计探讨[J].石油钻探技术,1994,22(2):1-4.Ge Hongkui.Discussion on well structure design of horizontal well[J].Petroleum Drilling Techniques,1994,22(2):1-4.
[8]韩超,陶丽杰,朱健军.考虑漏失因素的水平井井身结构设计[J].内蒙古石油化工,2014(7):51-52.Han Chao,Tao Lijie&Zhu Jianjun.Design of horizontal well structure considering leakage factors[J].Inner Mongolia Petrochemical Industry,2014(7):51-52.
[9]徐小峰,孙五苓,白亮清,邢韦亮,张功智,韩连胜.冀东油田水平井井身结构优化设计[J].石油钻采工艺,2007,29(增刊1):7-10.Xu Xiaofeng,Sun Wuling,Bai Liangqing,Xing Weiliang,Zhang Gongzhi&Han Liansheng.Technology of casing programming for horizontal well in Jidong Oilfield[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2007,29(S1):7-10.
[10]王勇茗,周文军,王彦博,杨琼警,高云文.致密油1 500 m长水平段水平井井身结构优化设计[J].钻采工艺,2013,36(6):20-23.Wang Yongming,Zhou Wenjun,Wang Yanbo,Yang Qiongjing&Gao Yunwen.Optimization design of well structure with 1 500 m horizontal segment in the tight reservoir[J].Drilling&Production Technology,2013,36(6):20-23.
[11]王鄂川,樊洪海,党杨斌,王义顷,罗立新,高文强.环空附加当量循环密度的计算方法[J].断块油气田,2014,21(5):671-674.Wang Echuan,Fan Honghai,Dang Yangbin,Wang Yiqing,Luo Lixin&Gao Wenqiang.Calculation method of additional equivalent circulating density[J].Fault-Block Oil and Gas Field,2014,21(5):671-674.
[12]楼一珊,李琪.钻井工程[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2013.Lou Yishan&Li Qi.Drilling project[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2013.
[13]闫传梁,邓金根,蔚宝华,谭强,邓福成,胡连波.压力衰竭储层井壁稳定性变化规律研究[J].石油钻采工艺,2013,35(3):5-8.Yan Chuanliang,Deng Jingen,Yu Baohua,Tan Qiang,Deng Fucheng&Hu Lianbo.Research on wellbore stability of pressure depleted reservoirs[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2013,35(3):5-8.
[14]谭强,何辉,陈永浩,卢望红,段芳.压力衰竭储层中定向井井壁稳定性分析[J].石油天然气学报,2010,32(2):316-318.Tan Qiang,He Hui,Chen Yonghao,Lu Wanghong&Duan Fang.Stability analysis of directional wellbore in pressure-depleted reservoir[J].Journal of Oil and Gas Technology,2010,32(2):316-318.
[15]Morita N,Black AD&Fuh GF.Theory of lost circulation pressure[C]//SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition,23-26 September 1990,New Orleans,Louisiana,USA.DOI:https://doi.org/10.2118/20409-MS.
[16]Adachi J,Bailey L,Houwen OH,Meeten GH,Way PW,Growcock FB,et al.Depleted zone drilling:reducing mud losses into fractures[C]//IADC/SPE Drilling Conference,2-4 March 2004,Dallas,Texas,USA.DOI:https://doi.org/10.2118/87224-MS.
[17]Khaksar A,Rahman K,Ghani J&Mangor,H.Integrated geomechanical study for hole stability,sanding potential and completion selection:A case study from South East Asia[C]//SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition,21-24 September 2004,Denver,Colorado,USA.DOI:https://doi.org/10.2118/115915-MS.
[18]李鑫,高德利,刁斌斌,周英操.基于赫巴流体的页岩气大位移水平井裸眼延伸极限分析[J].天然气工业,2016,36(10):85-92.Li Xin,Gao Deli,Diao Binbin&Zhou Yingcao.Analysis on the open-hole extension limit of a shale-gas extended-reach horizontal well based on Hershel-Bulkley fluids[J].Natural Gas Industry,2016,36(10):85-92.
[2]宋玉玲,董丽娟,李占武.国外大位移井钻井技术发展现状[J].钻采工艺,1998,21(5):10-14.Song Yuling,Dong Lijuan&Li Zhanwu.Development status of drilling technology for foreign large displacement wells[J].Drilling&Production Technology,1998,21(5):10-14.
[3]覃成锦,高德利,唐海雄,魏宏安.南海流花超大位移井井身结构设计方法[J].石油钻采工艺,2006,28(1):13-14.Qin Chengjin,Gao Deli,Tang Haixiong&Wei Hong′an.Design method of well structure for super-large displacement wells in South China Sea Liuhua[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2006,28(1):13-14.
[4]窦玉玲.大位移井井身结构设计探讨[J].特种油气藏,2013,20(5):141-144.Dou Yuling.Discussion on well structure design of large displacement well[J].Special Oil&Gas Reservoirs,2013,20(5):141-144.
[5]魏宏安,张武辇,唐海雄.超大水垂比大位移井钻井技术[J].石油钻采工艺,2005,27(1):1-5.Wei Hong'an,Zhang Wunian&Tang Haixiong.Drilling technology of extended-reach well with ultra-high horizontal displacementto vertical depth ratio[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2005,27(1):1-5.
[6]郑双进,贾世文,张文敏,余勤.水平井井身结构设计之压漏校核新方法[J].石油钻采工艺,2013,35(3):16-18.Zheng Shuangjin,Jia Shiwen,Zhang Wenmin&Yu Qin.Leakage check method of casing program design for horizontal wells[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2013,35(3):16-18.
[7]葛洪魁.水平井井身结构设计探讨[J].石油钻探技术,1994,22(2):1-4.Ge Hongkui.Discussion on well structure design of horizontal well[J].Petroleum Drilling Techniques,1994,22(2):1-4.
[8]韩超,陶丽杰,朱健军.考虑漏失因素的水平井井身结构设计[J].内蒙古石油化工,2014(7):51-52.Han Chao,Tao Lijie&Zhu Jianjun.Design of horizontal well structure considering leakage factors[J].Inner Mongolia Petrochemical Industry,2014(7):51-52.
[9]徐小峰,孙五苓,白亮清,邢韦亮,张功智,韩连胜.冀东油田水平井井身结构优化设计[J].石油钻采工艺,2007,29(增刊1):7-10.Xu Xiaofeng,Sun Wuling,Bai Liangqing,Xing Weiliang,Zhang Gongzhi&Han Liansheng.Technology of casing programming for horizontal well in Jidong Oilfield[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2007,29(S1):7-10.
[10]王勇茗,周文军,王彦博,杨琼警,高云文.致密油1 500 m长水平段水平井井身结构优化设计[J].钻采工艺,2013,36(6):20-23.Wang Yongming,Zhou Wenjun,Wang Yanbo,Yang Qiongjing&Gao Yunwen.Optimization design of well structure with 1 500 m horizontal segment in the tight reservoir[J].Drilling&Production Technology,2013,36(6):20-23.
[11]王鄂川,樊洪海,党杨斌,王义顷,罗立新,高文强.环空附加当量循环密度的计算方法[J].断块油气田,2014,21(5):671-674.Wang Echuan,Fan Honghai,Dang Yangbin,Wang Yiqing,Luo Lixin&Gao Wenqiang.Calculation method of additional equivalent circulating density[J].Fault-Block Oil and Gas Field,2014,21(5):671-674.
[12]楼一珊,李琪.钻井工程[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2013.Lou Yishan&Li Qi.Drilling project[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2013.
[13]闫传梁,邓金根,蔚宝华,谭强,邓福成,胡连波.压力衰竭储层井壁稳定性变化规律研究[J].石油钻采工艺,2013,35(3):5-8.Yan Chuanliang,Deng Jingen,Yu Baohua,Tan Qiang,Deng Fucheng&Hu Lianbo.Research on wellbore stability of pressure depleted reservoirs[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2013,35(3):5-8.
[14]谭强,何辉,陈永浩,卢望红,段芳.压力衰竭储层中定向井井壁稳定性分析[J].石油天然气学报,2010,32(2):316-318.Tan Qiang,He Hui,Chen Yonghao,Lu Wanghong&Duan Fang.Stability analysis of directional wellbore in pressure-depleted reservoir[J].Journal of Oil and Gas Technology,2010,32(2):316-318.
[15]Morita N,Black AD&Fuh GF.Theory of lost circulation pressure[C]//SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition,23-26 September 1990,New Orleans,Louisiana,USA.DOI:https://doi.org/10.2118/20409-MS.
[16]Adachi J,Bailey L,Houwen OH,Meeten GH,Way PW,Growcock FB,et al.Depleted zone drilling:reducing mud losses into fractures[C]//IADC/SPE Drilling Conference,2-4 March 2004,Dallas,Texas,USA.DOI:https://doi.org/10.2118/87224-MS.
[17]Khaksar A,Rahman K,Ghani J&Mangor,H.Integrated geomechanical study for hole stability,sanding potential and completion selection:A case study from South East Asia[C]//SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition,21-24 September 2004,Denver,Colorado,USA.DOI:https://doi.org/10.2118/115915-MS.
[18]李鑫,高德利,刁斌斌,周英操.基于赫巴流体的页岩气大位移水平井裸眼延伸极限分析[J].天然气工业,2016,36(10):85-92.Li Xin,Gao Deli,Diao Binbin&Zhou Yingcao.Analysis on the open-hole extension limit of a shale-gas extended-reach horizontal well based on Hershel-Bulkley fluids[J].Natural Gas Industry,2016,36(10):85-92.
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