剪切型减振器下钢轨振动衰减率及阻尼器调谐分析
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摘要
通过建立基于谱单元法的钢轨元胞模型,并结合Bloch定理,研究了采用剪切型减振器钢轨的垂向振动衰减率.在此基础上,分析了调频式钢轨减振器(TRD)对钢轨垂向振动衰减率的影响.研究结果表明,剪切型减振器自身的振动特性使钢轨垂向振动衰减率在500 Hz附近出现了新的峰值;铁垫板、轨下垫板对钢轨垂向振动衰减率的影响主要体现在500 Hz以上的高频;剪切型减振器对钢轨垂向振动衰减率的影响主要体现在400 Hz以下的中低频;TRD能够大幅度提高其自身工作频率(取决于TRD质量和刚度)附近钢轨的垂向振动衰减率,装有TRD的钢轨在200～400 Hz内的垂向振动衰减率较未安装TRD时普遍提高了5倍以上;增加TRD阻尼能够有效提高钢轨振动衰减率.
By establishing a cellular rail model based on the spectral element method and combining with Bloch theorem, the vertical decay rate of the rail using the egg fastening system is studied, based on which, the influence of tuned rail damper(TRD) on the vertical decay rate of the rail is analyzed. The results show that the vibration characteristics of the egg fastening system itself causes a new peak of the rail vertical decay rate of around 500 Hz. The influence of the change of the parameters of the iron pad and the rail pad on the vertical decay rate of the rail is mainly reflected at a high frequency of above 500 Hz, and the influence of the change of the parameters of the egg fastening system on the vertical decay rate of the rail is mainly reflected at a middle and low frequency of below 400 Hz.TRD can greatly increase the vertical decay rate of the rail in the vicinity of its working frequency(depending on the mass and stiffness of TRD). The vertical decay rate of rail in the range of 200 to 400 Hz with TRD is more than five times larger than that without TRD. Increasing TRD damping can increase the decay rate of the rail.
By establishing a cellular rail model based on the spectral element method and combining with Bloch theorem, the vertical decay rate of the rail using the egg fastening system is studied, based on which, the influence of tuned rail damper(TRD) on the vertical decay rate of the rail is analyzed. The results show that the vibration characteristics of the egg fastening system itself causes a new peak of the rail vertical decay rate of around 500 Hz. The influence of the change of the parameters of the iron pad and the rail pad on the vertical decay rate of the rail is mainly reflected at a high frequency of above 500 Hz, and the influence of the change of the parameters of the egg fastening system on the vertical decay rate of the rail is mainly reflected at a middle and low frequency of below 400 Hz.TRD can greatly increase the vertical decay rate of the rail in the vicinity of its working frequency(depending on the mass and stiffness of TRD). The vertical decay rate of rail in the range of 200 to 400 Hz with TRD is more than five times larger than that without TRD. Increasing TRD damping can increase the decay rate of the rail.
引文
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[12] DOYLE J F. Wave propagation in structures—spectral analysis using fast discrete fourier transform[J]. Archives of Mining Sciences, 1997,60(1):403.
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[16] THOMPSON D. Railway noise and vibration : mechanisms, modelling and means of control[J]. Elsevier Science & Technology, 2008,153(4):21.
[17] London British Standards Institution. Railway applications noise emission-characterisation of the dynamic properties of track sections for pass by noise measurements : BS EN 15461:2008+A1:2010 [S]. London: London British Standards Institution, 2010.
[18] THOMPSON D. Railway noise and vibration [M]. Oxford: Linacre House, 2009.
[19] 孙晓静, 张厚贵, 刘维宁, 等. 调频式钢轨阻尼器对剪切型减振器轨道动力特性的影响[J]. 振动与冲击, 2016,35(14):209. SUN Xiaojing, ZHANG Hougui, LIU Weining, et al. Effect of tuning rail damper on dynamic properties of the track structure using egg fastening system[J]. Journal of Vibration and Shock, 2016, 35(14):209.
[2] 任静. Ⅲ型双刚度轨道隔振器扣件的设计[J]. 都市快轨交通, 2007,20(1):59. REN Jing. Design of double stiffnes track damper fastening model Ⅲ[J]. Urban Rapid Rail Transit, 2007, 20(1):59.
[3] 任静, 孙京健, 陈鹏, 等. 从钢轨异常波磨研究反思地铁设计[J]. 都市快轨交通, 2011,24(3):2. REN Jing, SUN Jingjian, CHEN Peng, et al. Rethink about metro design from rail abnormal corrugtion research[J]. Urban Rapid Rail Transit, 2011, 24(3):2.
[4] ZHANG H, LIU W, LIU W, et al. Study on the cause and treatment of rail corrugation for Beijing metro[J]. Wear, 2014,317(1):120.
[5] 吴宗臻, 刘维宁, 张厚贵. 剪切型减振器扣件工作性能及改进[J]. 中南大学学报(自然科学版), 2016, 47(9):3258. WU Zongzhen, LIU Weining, ZHANG Hougui. Performance and improvement of shear type damper fastener[J]. Journal of Central South University (Natural Science), 2016, 47(9):3258.
[6] 李伟, 杜星, 王衡禹, 等. 地铁钢轨一种波磨机理的调查分析[J]. 机械工程学报, 2013,49(16):26. LI Wei, DU Xing, WANG Hengyu, et al. Investigation into the mechanism of type of rail corrugation of metro[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2013, 49(16):26.
[7] 刘维宁, 任静, 刘卫丰, 等. 北京地铁钢轨波磨测试分析[J]. 都市快轨交通, 2011,24(3):6. LIU Weining, REN Jing, LIU Weifeng, et al. In-situ tests and analysis on rail corrugation of Beijing metro[J]. Urban Rapid Rail Transit, 2011, 24(3):6.
[8] 刘卫丰, 张厚贵, 孟磊, 等. 北京地铁采用调频式钢轨减振器抑制钢轨振动的试验研究[J]. 振动工程学报, 2016, 29(1):105. LIU Weifeng, ZHANG Hougui, MENG Lei, et al. A test of suppressing rail vibration by tunned rail damper foe Beijing metro[J]. Journal of Vibration Engineering, 2016, 29(1):105.
[9] THOMPSON D J, JONES C J C, WATERS T P, et al. A tuned damping device for reducing noise from railway track[J]. Applied Acoustics, 2007,68(1):43.
[10] MAES J, SOL H. A double tuned rail damper—increased damping at the two first pinned-pinned frequencies[J]. Journal of Sound & Vibration, 2003,267(3):721.
[11] WU T X. Effect on short pitch rail corrugation growth of a rail vibration absorber/damper[J]. Wear, 2011,271(1/2):339.
[12] DOYLE J F. Wave propagation in structures—spectral analysis using fast discrete fourier transform[J]. Archives of Mining Sciences, 1997,60(1):403.
[13] LEE U. Spectral element method in structural dynamics[M]. Singapore: John Wiley & Sons(Asia) Pte Ltd,2009.
[14] 耿传智, 王伟鹏. 地铁弹性扣件减振性能的落轴冲击仿真分析[J]. 振动与冲击, 2010,29(3):113. GENG Chuanzhi, WANG Weipeng. Simulation on vibration-reduction performance of different subway elastic fastener under wheel load drop[J]. Journal of Vibration and Shock, 2010, 29(3):113.
[15] 肖勇. 局域共振型结构的带隙调控与减振降噪特性研究[D]. 长沙:国防科学技术大学, 2012. XIAO Yong. Locally resonant structures: band gap tuning and properties of vibration and noise reduction[D]. Changsha:National University of Defense Technology, 2012.
[16] THOMPSON D. Railway noise and vibration : mechanisms, modelling and means of control[J]. Elsevier Science & Technology, 2008,153(4):21.
[17] London British Standards Institution. Railway applications noise emission-characterisation of the dynamic properties of track sections for pass by noise measurements : BS EN 15461:2008+A1:2010 [S]. London: London British Standards Institution, 2010.
[18] THOMPSON D. Railway noise and vibration [M]. Oxford: Linacre House, 2009.
[19] 孙晓静, 张厚贵, 刘维宁, 等. 调频式钢轨阻尼器对剪切型减振器轨道动力特性的影响[J]. 振动与冲击, 2016,35(14):209. SUN Xiaojing, ZHANG Hougui, LIU Weining, et al. Effect of tuning rail damper on dynamic properties of the track structure using egg fastening system[J]. Journal of Vibration and Shock, 2016, 35(14):209.
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