护士结构授权、职业紧张、情绪耗竭与工作满意度的结构方程模型
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摘要
目的探讨护士结构授权、职业紧张、情绪耗竭与工作满意度的关系模型。方法 2017年4-8月,方便抽样法选取上海市4所三级甲等医院工作的457名护士为研究对象。采用工作效能条件问卷、工作内容问卷、情绪耗竭量表、明尼苏达满意度问卷对研究对象进行调查。结果护士结构授权、职业紧张、情绪耗竭和工作满意度之间具有相关性(r=-0.109～0.797,P<0.05);结构方程模型显示,护士结构授权通过职业紧张的中介作用间接影响护士的情绪耗竭水平和工作满意度。结论护理管理者应该构建有利于授权的工作环境,减少护士职业紧张,降低护士情绪耗竭水平,提高工作满意度。
Objective To explore the relationship model of structural empowerment,job stress,emotional exhaustion and job satisfaction among nurses.Methods From April to August 2017,457 nurses from four Shanghai hospitals were selected by convenience sampling method. The work effectiveness questionnaire-Ⅱ,the job content questionnaire, the emotional exhaustion subscale of the Maslach burnout inventory and Minnesota satisfaction questionnaire were used for investigation.Results There were significant correlations among structural empowerment,job stress,emotional exhaustion and job satisfaction of nurses(r:-0.109 to 0.797,P<0.05).The structural equation model showed that structural empowerment had a significant indirect effect on emotional exhaustion and job satisfaction via the mediating effect of job stress. Conclusions The nursing administrators should create empowering work environment to reduce nurses' job stress,emotional exhaustion and promote their job satisfaction.
Objective To explore the relationship model of structural empowerment,job stress,emotional exhaustion and job satisfaction among nurses.Methods From April to August 2017,457 nurses from four Shanghai hospitals were selected by convenience sampling method. The work effectiveness questionnaire-Ⅱ,the job content questionnaire, the emotional exhaustion subscale of the Maslach burnout inventory and Minnesota satisfaction questionnaire were used for investigation.Results There were significant correlations among structural empowerment,job stress,emotional exhaustion and job satisfaction of nurses(r:-0.109 to 0.797,P<0.05).The structural equation model showed that structural empowerment had a significant indirect effect on emotional exhaustion and job satisfaction via the mediating effect of job stress. Conclusions The nursing administrators should create empowering work environment to reduce nurses' job stress,emotional exhaustion and promote their job satisfaction.
引文
[1] 吴奇云,冯世萍,曹清,等.苏州市15所医院助产士结构授权和心理授权的调查研究[J].中华护理杂志,2018,53(1):83-87.
[2] HAYES B,DOUGLAS C,BONNER A.Predicting emotional exhaustion among haemodialysis nurses:a structural equation model using Kanter’s structural empowerment theory[J].J Adv Nurs,2014,70(12):2897-2909.
[3] LASCHINGER H K S,FINEGAN J,SHAMIAN J,et al.Impact of structural and psychological empowerment on job strain in nursing work settings[J].J Nurs Adm,2001,31(5):260-272.
[4] 李秋洁,孙宁,胡浩,等.中文版工作有效条件问卷-Ⅱ的建立[J].护理学杂志,2007,22(9):1-4.
[5] KARASEK R A.Job demands, job decision latitude and mental strain:implications for job redesign[J].Adm Sci Q,1979,24(2):285-306.
[6] 杨文杰,李健.工作场所中社会心理因素的测量——两种职业紧张检测模式的应用[J].中华劳动卫生职业病杂志,2004,22(6):422-426.
[7] 谢震宇,杨黎明,戴俊明,等.上海市某区社区卫生服务中心医务人员职业紧张现状调查[J].环境与职业医学,2010,27(3):146-149.
[8] MASLACH C,JACKSON S E.The measurement of experienced burnout[J].J Occup Behav, 1981,2(2):99-113.
[9] 孙晶,姜潮.护士组织公平感现状及其与情绪耗竭和心理健康的关系[J].中国护理管理,2012,12(12):28-31.
[10]阳志平,王薇,王与升,等.工作评价——组织诊断与研究实用量表[M].北京:中国轻工业出版社, 2004:6-7,65-68.
[11]郭加佳,刘彦慧,王珊珊,等.护士组织承诺与结构性授权及工作满意度的关系研究[J].护理管理杂志,2012,12(1):1-3.
[12]BAWAFAA E,WONG C A,LASCHINGER H.The influence of resonant leadership on the structural empowerment and job satisfaction of registered nurses[J].J Res Nurs,2015,20(7):610-622.
[13]孙一勤,叶志弘.结构和心理授权对护理人员个体创新行为的影响研究[J].中华护理杂志,2015,50(5):556-560.
[14]VANDER ELST T,CAVENTS C,DANEELS K,et al.Job demands-resources predicting burnout and work engagement among Belgian home health care nurses:a cross-sectional study[J].Nurs Outlook,2016,64(4):542-556.
[15]高娜,孙美,涂国红,等.护士职业紧张与工作情绪相关性研究[J].中国医药导报,2014,11(8):120-123.
[16]JIANG H,MA L,GAO C P,et al.Satisfaction,burnout and intention to stay of emergency nurses in Shanghai[J].J Emerg Med,2017,34(7):448-453.
[17]陈心月,张媛,李萌,等.临床护士工作满意度及其影响因素[J].中国健康心理学杂志,2013,21(2):242-244.
[18]VAN BOGAERT P,CLARKE S,WILLEMS R,et al.Nurse practice environment,workload,burnout,job outcomes,and quality of care in psychiatric hospitals:a structural equation model approach[J].J Adv Nurs,2013,69(7):1515-1524.
[19]郭加佳,周作霞,赵惠,等.临床护士结构性授权与工作压力及工作倦怠关系模型的研究[J].中国实用护理杂志,2013,29(3):31-35.
[20]涂姝婷,谢莉玲.重庆市社区卫生服务机构护理工作环境现状的质性研究[J].解放军护理杂志,2018,35(9):27-30.
[2] HAYES B,DOUGLAS C,BONNER A.Predicting emotional exhaustion among haemodialysis nurses:a structural equation model using Kanter’s structural empowerment theory[J].J Adv Nurs,2014,70(12):2897-2909.
[3] LASCHINGER H K S,FINEGAN J,SHAMIAN J,et al.Impact of structural and psychological empowerment on job strain in nursing work settings[J].J Nurs Adm,2001,31(5):260-272.
[4] 李秋洁,孙宁,胡浩,等.中文版工作有效条件问卷-Ⅱ的建立[J].护理学杂志,2007,22(9):1-4.
[5] KARASEK R A.Job demands, job decision latitude and mental strain:implications for job redesign[J].Adm Sci Q,1979,24(2):285-306.
[6] 杨文杰,李健.工作场所中社会心理因素的测量——两种职业紧张检测模式的应用[J].中华劳动卫生职业病杂志,2004,22(6):422-426.
[7] 谢震宇,杨黎明,戴俊明,等.上海市某区社区卫生服务中心医务人员职业紧张现状调查[J].环境与职业医学,2010,27(3):146-149.
[8] MASLACH C,JACKSON S E.The measurement of experienced burnout[J].J Occup Behav, 1981,2(2):99-113.
[9] 孙晶,姜潮.护士组织公平感现状及其与情绪耗竭和心理健康的关系[J].中国护理管理,2012,12(12):28-31.
[10]阳志平,王薇,王与升,等.工作评价——组织诊断与研究实用量表[M].北京:中国轻工业出版社, 2004:6-7,65-68.
[11]郭加佳,刘彦慧,王珊珊,等.护士组织承诺与结构性授权及工作满意度的关系研究[J].护理管理杂志,2012,12(1):1-3.
[12]BAWAFAA E,WONG C A,LASCHINGER H.The influence of resonant leadership on the structural empowerment and job satisfaction of registered nurses[J].J Res Nurs,2015,20(7):610-622.
[13]孙一勤,叶志弘.结构和心理授权对护理人员个体创新行为的影响研究[J].中华护理杂志,2015,50(5):556-560.
[14]VANDER ELST T,CAVENTS C,DANEELS K,et al.Job demands-resources predicting burnout and work engagement among Belgian home health care nurses:a cross-sectional study[J].Nurs Outlook,2016,64(4):542-556.
[15]高娜,孙美,涂国红,等.护士职业紧张与工作情绪相关性研究[J].中国医药导报,2014,11(8):120-123.
[16]JIANG H,MA L,GAO C P,et al.Satisfaction,burnout and intention to stay of emergency nurses in Shanghai[J].J Emerg Med,2017,34(7):448-453.
[17]陈心月,张媛,李萌,等.临床护士工作满意度及其影响因素[J].中国健康心理学杂志,2013,21(2):242-244.
[18]VAN BOGAERT P,CLARKE S,WILLEMS R,et al.Nurse practice environment,workload,burnout,job outcomes,and quality of care in psychiatric hospitals:a structural equation model approach[J].J Adv Nurs,2013,69(7):1515-1524.
[19]郭加佳,周作霞,赵惠,等.临床护士结构性授权与工作压力及工作倦怠关系模型的研究[J].中国实用护理杂志,2013,29(3):31-35.
[20]涂姝婷,谢莉玲.重庆市社区卫生服务机构护理工作环境现状的质性研究[J].解放军护理杂志,2018,35(9):27-30.