碱贮处理对真姬菇菌糠营养物质瘤胃降解率的影响
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摘要
试验旨在研究碱贮对真姬菇菌糠瘤胃降解率的影响,采用CaO、Ca(OH)_2、CaO+3%尿素及Ca(OH)_2+3%尿素4种处理,每种处理碱(CaO/Ca(OH)_2)的添加量设3%、4%、5%及6%4个水平,分别记作CO3、CO4、CO5、CO6,CH3、CH4、CH5、CH6,COU3、COU4、COU5、COU6,CHU3、CHU4、CHU5、CHU6,每个水平4个重复,空白组设2个,1组空白(CK)仅为真姬菇菌糠,另1组空白(CKU)为真姬菇菌糠+3%尿素,室温下碱贮30 d。选取6只装有瘤胃永久瘘管川中黑山羊作为瘤胃液供体,对真姬菇菌糠的干物质(DM)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)、粗蛋白质(CP)体外发酵4、8、12、24、48、72 h的动态降解率进行测定与分析。结果表明,真姬菇菌糠经不同水平碱贮后,DM、CP、NDF、ADF的72 h降解率及其有效降解率(ED)均较对照组提高。其中,COU碱贮处理组效果最佳,不同水平COU碱贮处理组的72 h的DM瘤胃降解率较CKU组分别提高13.01%、20.03%、31.65%和32.33%(P<0.05);NDF瘤胃降解率较CKU组分别提高27.61%、45.78%、62.88%和50.23%(P<0.05);ADF瘤胃降解率较CKU组分别提高26.14%、45.75%、51.76%和39.65%(P<0.05);CP瘤胃降解率较CKU组分别提高12.33%、14.62%、20.55%和19.07%(P<0.05),其中综合评定COU5处理水平最优。
In order to study the effect of alkali storage on the ruminal nutrients degradability of spent mushroom substrate,four kinds of alkalis such as CaO,Ca(OH)_2,CaO+3% urea and Ca(OH)_2+3% urea were used for storage in this experiment.Each treatment of alkali(CaO/Ca(OH)_2) had four levels(3%,4%,5% and 6% additive amount),that was named CO3,CO4,CO5 and CO6;CH3,CH4,CH5 and CH6;COU3,COU4,COU5 and COU6;CHU3,CHU4,CHU5 and CHU6,respectively,with 4 replicates per treatment.There were 2 blank groups,one group(CK group) was only spent mushroom substrate,the other one(CKU) was 3% urea in spent mushroom substrate.6 Chuanzhong Black goats with permanent rumen fistula were chosen for collecting ruminal fluids,and the dynamic degradation rates of DM,NDF,ADF,CP of spent mushroom substrate at 4,8,12,24,48,and 72 h were measured and analyzed,respectively.The results showed that the degradability and effective degradability(ED) of DM,CP,NDF and ADF were higher than those of control group after storage with different levels of alkali.Among them,the COU alkali storage treatment groups had the best effect.Compared to CKU group,the 72 h DM rumen degradability in the COU alkali storage treatment groups was increased by 13.01%,20.03%,31.65% and 32.33%(P<0.05),respectively.The degradability of NDF at 72 h was increased by 27.61%,45.78%,62.88% and 50.23%(P<0.05).And that of ADF was increased by 26.14%,45.75%,51.76% and 39.65%(P<0.05).The 72 h CP rumen degradability in the COU alkali storage treatment groups was increased by 12.33%,14.62%,20.55% and 19.07%(P<0.05),and COU5 treatment was optimal.
In order to study the effect of alkali storage on the ruminal nutrients degradability of spent mushroom substrate,four kinds of alkalis such as CaO,Ca(OH)_2,CaO+3% urea and Ca(OH)_2+3% urea were used for storage in this experiment.Each treatment of alkali(CaO/Ca(OH)_2) had four levels(3%,4%,5% and 6% additive amount),that was named CO3,CO4,CO5 and CO6;CH3,CH4,CH5 and CH6;COU3,COU4,COU5 and COU6;CHU3,CHU4,CHU5 and CHU6,respectively,with 4 replicates per treatment.There were 2 blank groups,one group(CK group) was only spent mushroom substrate,the other one(CKU) was 3% urea in spent mushroom substrate.6 Chuanzhong Black goats with permanent rumen fistula were chosen for collecting ruminal fluids,and the dynamic degradation rates of DM,NDF,ADF,CP of spent mushroom substrate at 4,8,12,24,48,and 72 h were measured and analyzed,respectively.The results showed that the degradability and effective degradability(ED) of DM,CP,NDF and ADF were higher than those of control group after storage with different levels of alkali.Among them,the COU alkali storage treatment groups had the best effect.Compared to CKU group,the 72 h DM rumen degradability in the COU alkali storage treatment groups was increased by 13.01%,20.03%,31.65% and 32.33%(P<0.05),respectively.The degradability of NDF at 72 h was increased by 27.61%,45.78%,62.88% and 50.23%(P<0.05).And that of ADF was increased by 26.14%,45.75%,51.76% and 39.65%(P<0.05).The 72 h CP rumen degradability in the COU alkali storage treatment groups was increased by 12.33%,14.62%,20.55% and 19.07%(P<0.05),and COU5 treatment was optimal.
引文
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[5] MUSZY,et al.Study of physiologically active components in different parts of fruiting bodies of varieties of Agaricus bisporus (white mushroom)[J].European Food Research & Technology,2017,243(12):2135-2145.
[6] ARAIZA H L,QUECHOLAC-PINA X,BELTRAN-VILLAVICEENCIO M,et al.Integral valorization of the water hyacinth from the canals of Xochimilco:Production of edible mushrooms and forage[J].Waste & Biomass Valorization,2016,7(5):1203-1210.
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[8] PHAN C,SABARATNAW V.Potential uses of spent mushroom substrate and its associated lignocellulosic enzymes[J].Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology,2012,96(4):863-873.
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[10] 于满满,姜雨轩,张美美,等.利用体外产气法评定不同比例氨化秸秆替代苜蓿的组合效应[J].中国畜牧兽医,2017,44(12):3497-3504.YU M M,JIANG Y X,ZHANG M M,et al.Evaluation of associative effects of alfalfa meal and ammoniated corn straw by gas production technique in vitro[J].China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine,2017,44(12):3497-3504.(in Chinese)
[11] 许锦聪,苗景,何祥波,等.真姬菇菌糠碱贮效果研究[J].中国畜牧兽医,2018,45(8):2147-2156.XU J C,MIAO J,HE X B,et al.Study on alkali storage effect of spent mushroom (Hypsizygus marmoreus) stubstrate[J].China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine,2018,45(8):2147-2156.(in Chinese)
[12] KAUR R,GARCIA S C,FULKERSON W J,et al.Degradation kinetics of leaves,petioles and stems of forage rape ( Brassica napus) as affected by maturity[J].Animal Feed Science & Technology,2011,168(3-4):165-178.
[13] RIESTRA S P,MUIR J P,LAMBERT B D,et al.Phosphorus and other nutrient disappearance from plants containing condensed tannins using the mobile nylon bag technique[J].Animal Feed Science & Technology,2010,156(1):19-25.
[14] 张丽英.饲料分析及饲料质量检测技术[M].第2版.北京:中国农业大学出版社,2003.ZHANG L Y.Feed Analysis and Feed Quality Testing Technology[M].2nd Edition.Beijing:China Agricultural University Press,2003.(in Chinese)
[15] VAN SOEST P J.Development of a comprehensive system of feed analyses and its application to forages[J].Journal of Animal Science,1967,26(1):119-128.
[16] ?RSKOV E R,MCDONALD I.The estimation of protein degradability in the rumen from incubation measurements weighted according to rate of passage[J].Journal of Agricultural Science,1979,92(2):499-503.
[17] 卢德勋.系统动物营养学导论[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2004.LU D X.Introduction to Systematic Animal Nutrition[M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2004.(in Chinese)
[18] 夏科,姚庆,李富国,等.奶牛常用粗饲料的瘤胃降解规律[J].动物营养学报,2012,24(4):769-777.XIA K,YAO Q,LI F G,et al.Rumen degradation characteristics of commonly used roughages for dairy cows[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2012,24(4):769-777.(in Chinese)
[19] SHI H T.In vitro digestibility and gas production kinetic characteristics of corn stover treated by calcium oxide and stored under anaerobic condition[J].Asas,2014,4:2864-2872.
[20] 孙国强,吕永艳,崔海净,等.复合化学处理对麦秸干物质和纤维瘤胃降解率的影响[J].浙江农业学报,2012,24(2):228-231.SUN G Q,LYU Y Y,CUI H J,et al.Effects of compound chemical treatment on dry matter and fiber degradation rate of wheat straw in rumen[J].Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis,2012,24(2):228-231.(in Chinese)
[21] 潘军,曹玉凤,韩志国,等.平菇菌糠对山羊瘤胃消化代谢的影响[J].西北农业学报,2011,20(2):27-32.PAN J,CAO Y F,HAN Z G,et al.Effect of spent mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) substrate on ruminal fermentation of goat[J].Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica,2011,20(2):27-32.(in Chinese)
[22] 宫福臣,韩梅琳,杨琼,等.菌糠与奶牛常用粗饲料瘤胃降解特性的对比研究[J].动物营养学报,2013,25(6):1366-1374.GONG F C,HAN M L,YANG Q,et al.Comparison of rumen degradation characteristics between spent mushroom substrate and commonly used roughages for dairy cows[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2013,25(6):1366-1374.(in Chinese)
[23] 陈晓琳,刘志科,孙娟,等.不同牧草在肉羊瘤胃中的降解特性研究[J].草业学报,2014,23(2):268-276.CHEN X L,LIU Z K,SUN J,et al.Ruminal degrability characteristics of different forgages in sheep[J].Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2014,23(2):268-276.(in Chinese)
[24] 李天宇,郑毅,解盼盼,等.7种菌糠及其青贮饲料的营养价值和发酵品质[J].中国畜牧杂志,2018,54(1):94-98.LI T Y,ZHENG Y,XIE P P,et al.Nutritional value and fermentation quality of seven kinds of fungus and its silage[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Science,2018,54(1):94-98.(in Chinese)
[25] 刁其玉,屠焰.奶牛常用饲料蛋白质在瘤胃的降解参数[J].乳业科学与技术,2005,27(2):70-74.DIAO Q Y,TU Y.Degradation of crude protein in feedstuffs for dairy cow in rumen[J].Journal of Dairy Science and Technology,2005,27(2):70-74.(in Chinese)
[26] WANAPAT M,POLYORACH S,BOONNOP K,et al.Effects of treating rice straw with urea or urea and calcium hydroxide upon intake,digestibility,rumen fermentation and milk yield of dairy cows[J].Livestock Science,2009,125(2):238-243.
[27] CHERDTHONG A,WANAPAT M,WACHIRAPAKORN C.Effects of urea-calcium mixture in concentrate containing high cassava chip on feed intake,rumen fermentation and performance of lactating dairy cows fed on rice straw[J].Livestock Science,2011,136(2):76-84.
[2] 陈明利,王晨,程薇,等.食用菌菌糠加工利用技术研究[J].中国食用菌,2015,34(2):1-4.CHEN M L,WANG C,CHENG W,et al.Processing and utilization technologies research on edible fungi residue[J].Edible Fungi of China,2015,34(2):1-4.(in Chinese)
[3] PAULA F S,TATTI E,ABRAM F,et al.Stabilisation of spent mushroom substrate for application as a plant growth-promoting organic amendment[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2017,196:476-486.
[4] MAHFUZ S,SONG H,LIU Z,et al.Effect of golden needle mushroom (Flammulina velutipes) stem waste on laying performance,calcium utilization,immune response and serum immunity at early phase of production[J].Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences,2018,31(5):705-711.
[5] MUSZY,et al.Study of physiologically active components in different parts of fruiting bodies of varieties of Agaricus bisporus (white mushroom)[J].European Food Research & Technology,2017,243(12):2135-2145.
[6] ARAIZA H L,QUECHOLAC-PINA X,BELTRAN-VILLAVICEENCIO M,et al.Integral valorization of the water hyacinth from the canals of Xochimilco:Production of edible mushrooms and forage[J].Waste & Biomass Valorization,2016,7(5):1203-1210.
[7] PATRICIA M N,GUSTAVO G G,LAURA M O,et al.Polluting macrophytes Colombian lake Fúquene used as substrate by edible fungus Pleurotus ostreatus[J].World Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology,2014,30(1):225-236.
[8] PHAN C,SABARATNAW V.Potential uses of spent mushroom substrate and its associated lignocellulosic enzymes[J].Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology,2012,96(4):863-873.
[9] 邹霞青,张浩.几种菌糠营养成分及其瘤胃降解率[J].福建农业大学学报,1999,28(4):477-482.ZOU X Q,ZHANG H.Nutrient components and ruminal degradability of several waste materials from fungal culture[J].Journal of Fujian Agricultural University,1999,28(4):477-482.(in Chinese)
[10] 于满满,姜雨轩,张美美,等.利用体外产气法评定不同比例氨化秸秆替代苜蓿的组合效应[J].中国畜牧兽医,2017,44(12):3497-3504.YU M M,JIANG Y X,ZHANG M M,et al.Evaluation of associative effects of alfalfa meal and ammoniated corn straw by gas production technique in vitro[J].China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine,2017,44(12):3497-3504.(in Chinese)
[11] 许锦聪,苗景,何祥波,等.真姬菇菌糠碱贮效果研究[J].中国畜牧兽医,2018,45(8):2147-2156.XU J C,MIAO J,HE X B,et al.Study on alkali storage effect of spent mushroom (Hypsizygus marmoreus) stubstrate[J].China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine,2018,45(8):2147-2156.(in Chinese)
[12] KAUR R,GARCIA S C,FULKERSON W J,et al.Degradation kinetics of leaves,petioles and stems of forage rape ( Brassica napus) as affected by maturity[J].Animal Feed Science & Technology,2011,168(3-4):165-178.
[13] RIESTRA S P,MUIR J P,LAMBERT B D,et al.Phosphorus and other nutrient disappearance from plants containing condensed tannins using the mobile nylon bag technique[J].Animal Feed Science & Technology,2010,156(1):19-25.
[14] 张丽英.饲料分析及饲料质量检测技术[M].第2版.北京:中国农业大学出版社,2003.ZHANG L Y.Feed Analysis and Feed Quality Testing Technology[M].2nd Edition.Beijing:China Agricultural University Press,2003.(in Chinese)
[15] VAN SOEST P J.Development of a comprehensive system of feed analyses and its application to forages[J].Journal of Animal Science,1967,26(1):119-128.
[16] ?RSKOV E R,MCDONALD I.The estimation of protein degradability in the rumen from incubation measurements weighted according to rate of passage[J].Journal of Agricultural Science,1979,92(2):499-503.
[17] 卢德勋.系统动物营养学导论[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2004.LU D X.Introduction to Systematic Animal Nutrition[M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2004.(in Chinese)
[18] 夏科,姚庆,李富国,等.奶牛常用粗饲料的瘤胃降解规律[J].动物营养学报,2012,24(4):769-777.XIA K,YAO Q,LI F G,et al.Rumen degradation characteristics of commonly used roughages for dairy cows[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2012,24(4):769-777.(in Chinese)
[19] SHI H T.In vitro digestibility and gas production kinetic characteristics of corn stover treated by calcium oxide and stored under anaerobic condition[J].Asas,2014,4:2864-2872.
[20] 孙国强,吕永艳,崔海净,等.复合化学处理对麦秸干物质和纤维瘤胃降解率的影响[J].浙江农业学报,2012,24(2):228-231.SUN G Q,LYU Y Y,CUI H J,et al.Effects of compound chemical treatment on dry matter and fiber degradation rate of wheat straw in rumen[J].Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis,2012,24(2):228-231.(in Chinese)
[21] 潘军,曹玉凤,韩志国,等.平菇菌糠对山羊瘤胃消化代谢的影响[J].西北农业学报,2011,20(2):27-32.PAN J,CAO Y F,HAN Z G,et al.Effect of spent mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) substrate on ruminal fermentation of goat[J].Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica,2011,20(2):27-32.(in Chinese)
[22] 宫福臣,韩梅琳,杨琼,等.菌糠与奶牛常用粗饲料瘤胃降解特性的对比研究[J].动物营养学报,2013,25(6):1366-1374.GONG F C,HAN M L,YANG Q,et al.Comparison of rumen degradation characteristics between spent mushroom substrate and commonly used roughages for dairy cows[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2013,25(6):1366-1374.(in Chinese)
[23] 陈晓琳,刘志科,孙娟,等.不同牧草在肉羊瘤胃中的降解特性研究[J].草业学报,2014,23(2):268-276.CHEN X L,LIU Z K,SUN J,et al.Ruminal degrability characteristics of different forgages in sheep[J].Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2014,23(2):268-276.(in Chinese)
[24] 李天宇,郑毅,解盼盼,等.7种菌糠及其青贮饲料的营养价值和发酵品质[J].中国畜牧杂志,2018,54(1):94-98.LI T Y,ZHENG Y,XIE P P,et al.Nutritional value and fermentation quality of seven kinds of fungus and its silage[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Science,2018,54(1):94-98.(in Chinese)
[25] 刁其玉,屠焰.奶牛常用饲料蛋白质在瘤胃的降解参数[J].乳业科学与技术,2005,27(2):70-74.DIAO Q Y,TU Y.Degradation of crude protein in feedstuffs for dairy cow in rumen[J].Journal of Dairy Science and Technology,2005,27(2):70-74.(in Chinese)
[26] WANAPAT M,POLYORACH S,BOONNOP K,et al.Effects of treating rice straw with urea or urea and calcium hydroxide upon intake,digestibility,rumen fermentation and milk yield of dairy cows[J].Livestock Science,2009,125(2):238-243.
[27] CHERDTHONG A,WANAPAT M,WACHIRAPAKORN C.Effects of urea-calcium mixture in concentrate containing high cassava chip on feed intake,rumen fermentation and performance of lactating dairy cows fed on rice straw[J].Livestock Science,2011,136(2):76-84.