高温地层钻井堵漏材料特性实验
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摘要
深井高温地层堵漏技术对堵漏材料的抗/耐温能力、抗压强度和沉降稳定性等提出了更高要求。针对高温地层钻井堵漏技术难题,基于220℃高温老化质量损失率、粒度降级率、抗压破碎率、抗压弹性变形率、摩擦系数变化率、纤维断裂强度保持率等技术指标,借助扫描电镜观察堵漏材料高温老化前后微观结构变化,评价了常用的有机植物类、有机聚合物类和无机矿物类堵漏材料的基本抗温能力,揭示了高温老化性能下降机理。利用自制的高温高压裂缝封堵模拟实验装置,探讨了高温封堵层失稳破坏机制。实验优选出抗220℃高温的微细填充颗粒、弹性变形颗粒和片状填塞颗粒等3种堵漏材料;基于耐热高分子和无机矿物材料,自制了抗高温高强度低密度的刚性架桥颗粒、抗高温高强度纤维类两种新型堵漏材料。基于强力链网络结构的致密承压封堵基本原理,通过不同类型抗高温堵漏材料的复合协同作用,优化得到了针对不同裂缝开度的抗高温致密承压封堵工作液配方,其承压能力≥10 MPa,沉降稳定性好,酸溶率高,可用于解决高温地层或储层钻井堵漏技术难题。
The plugging technology for deep-well high temperature formation has high requirements on temperature resistance,compressive strength and settlement stability of the lost circulation materials(LCMs).This article was focused on the technical problems of curing losses in high temperature formation.This study established the experimental method to evaluate temperature resistance of LCMs,such as organic plant,organic polymer and inorganic mineral.The evaluation parameters including mass loss rate,size degradation rate,crushing rate,resiliency deformation rate,friction coefficient and breaking strength retention rate.Scanning electron microscope was used to observe the microstructure of LCMs before and after high temperature aging.The mechanism of poor performance of LCMs after high temperature aging was proposed.A fracture sealing testing apparatus was proposed to carry out sealing experiment at high temperature and high pressure.Instability mechanism of sealing zone caused by high temperature aging was investigated.Three kinds of LCMs,such as fine filling particles,elastically deformed particles and flaky materials were selected which could resist 220℃.Based on heat-resistant polymer and inorganic mineral materials,two types of novel high-temperature resistant LCMs were prepared,i.e.,the rigid bridge particles with high compressive strength and low density,and high strength fiber.Based on the basic principle of tight sealing with high sealing pressure of strong-chain network structure.Different kinds of high-temperature resistant LCMs were synergized to seal fracture.High-temperature resistant LCM formulas were optimized for tapered slot with different entrance width.The sealing pressure was more than 10 MPa.The LCM formulas had good suspension capacity and high acid solubility.It could solve the lost circulation problem in high temperature deep well or reservoir.
The plugging technology for deep-well high temperature formation has high requirements on temperature resistance,compressive strength and settlement stability of the lost circulation materials(LCMs).This article was focused on the technical problems of curing losses in high temperature formation.This study established the experimental method to evaluate temperature resistance of LCMs,such as organic plant,organic polymer and inorganic mineral.The evaluation parameters including mass loss rate,size degradation rate,crushing rate,resiliency deformation rate,friction coefficient and breaking strength retention rate.Scanning electron microscope was used to observe the microstructure of LCMs before and after high temperature aging.The mechanism of poor performance of LCMs after high temperature aging was proposed.A fracture sealing testing apparatus was proposed to carry out sealing experiment at high temperature and high pressure.Instability mechanism of sealing zone caused by high temperature aging was investigated.Three kinds of LCMs,such as fine filling particles,elastically deformed particles and flaky materials were selected which could resist 220℃.Based on heat-resistant polymer and inorganic mineral materials,two types of novel high-temperature resistant LCMs were prepared,i.e.,the rigid bridge particles with high compressive strength and low density,and high strength fiber.Based on the basic principle of tight sealing with high sealing pressure of strong-chain network structure.Different kinds of high-temperature resistant LCMs were synergized to seal fracture.High-temperature resistant LCM formulas were optimized for tapered slot with different entrance width.The sealing pressure was more than 10 MPa.The LCM formulas had good suspension capacity and high acid solubility.It could solve the lost circulation problem in high temperature deep well or reservoir.
引文
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[21]段永贤,舒小波,李有伟,等.一种超深水平井堵漏材料室内评价研究[J].当代化工,2017,46(2):246-249.DUAN Yongxian,SHU Xiaobo,LI Youwei,et al.Experimental evaluation research on a kind of ultra-deep horizontal well plugging material[J].Contemporary Chemical Industry,2017,46(2):246-249.
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[27]蒋玉川.普通强度高性能混凝土的高温性能特征[D].北京:北京交通大学,2007.JIANG Yuchuan.Characteristics of normal-strength high-performance concrete exposed to high temperature[D].Beijing:Beijing Jiaotong University,2007.
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[2]刘春,张荣虎,张惠良,等.致密砂岩储层微孔隙成因类型及地质意义---以库车前陆冲断带超深层储层为例[J].石油学报,2017,38(2):150-159.LIU Chun,ZHANG Ronghu,ZHANG Huiliang,et al.Genetic types and geological significance of micro pores in tight sandstone reservoirs:a case study of the ultra-deep reservoir in the Kuqa foreland thrust belt,NW China[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2017,38(2):150-159.
[3]张以明,才博,何春明,等.超高温超深非均质碳酸盐岩储层地质工程一体化体积改造技术[J].石油学报,2018,39(1):92-100.ZHANG Yiming,CAI Bo,HE Chunming,et al.Volume fracturing technology based on geo-engineering integration for ultrahigh temperature and ultra-deep heterogeneous carbonate reservoir[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2018,39(1):92-100.
[4]AHMAD I,AKIMOV O,BOND P,et al.Drilling operations in HP/HT Environment[C]∥Offshore Technology Conference-A-sia.Kuala Lumpur,Malaysia:OTC,2014.
[5]吴兴宁,寿建峰,张惠良,等.塔里木盆地寒武系-奥陶系层序格架中生储盖组合特征与勘探意义[J].石油学报,2012,33(2):225-231.WU Xingning,SHOU Jianfeng,ZHANG Huiliang,et al.Characteristics of the petroleum system in Cambrian and Ordovician sequence frameworks of the Tarim Basin and its exploration significance[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2012,33(2):225-231.
[6]庄新兵,顾忆,邵志兵,等.塔里木盆地地温场对油气成藏过程的控制作用---以古城墟隆起为例[J].石油学报,2017,38(5):502-511.ZHUANG Xinbing,GU Yi,SHAO Zhibing,et al.Control effect of geothermal field on hydrocarbon accumulation process in Tarim Basin:a case study of Guchengxu uplift[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2017,38(5):502-511.
[7]王磊.莺琼盆地高温高压对储层物性的影响研究[D].成都:成都理工大学,2013.WANG Lei.Research on high temperature and high pressure effects on reservoir property of Yingqiong Basin[D].Chengdu:Chengdu University of Technology,2013.
[8]杨东升,赵志刚,杨海长,等.深水崎岖海底区构造解释与圈闭落实---以琼东南盆地深水区宝岛凹陷为例[J].石油学报,2018,39(7):767-774.YANG Dongsheng,ZHAO Zhigang,YANG Haizhang,et al.Structural interpretation and trap definition in the deep-water rugged seabed area:a case of Baodao sag,deep-water area of Qiongdongnan Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2018,39(7):767-774.
[9]徐同台,刘玉杰,申威,等.钻井工程防漏堵漏技术[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1997.XU Tongtai,LIU Yujie,SHEN Wei,et al.Technology of lost circulation resistance and control during drilling engineering[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1997.
[10]王明波,郭亚亮,方明君,等.裂缝性地层钻井液漏失动力学模拟及规律[J].石油学报,2017,38(5):597-606.WANG Mingbo,GUO Yaliang,FANG Mingjun,et al.Dynamics simulation and laws of drilling fluid loss in fractured formations[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2017,38(5):597-606.
[11]SAVARI S,WHITFILL D L,KUMAR A.Resilient lost circulation material(LCM):a significant factor in effective wellbore strengthening[R].SPE153154,2012.
[12]KUMAR A,SAVARI S,WHITFILL D.Wellbore strengthening:the less-studied properties of lost-circulation materials[R].SPE133484,2010.
[13]JEENNAKORN M,NYGAARD R,NES O M,et al.Testing conditions make a difference when testing LCM[J].Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering,2017,46:375-386.
[14]ALSABA M,NYGAARD R,SAASEN A,et al.Experimental investigation of fracture width limitations of granular lost circulation treatments[J].Journal of Petroleum Exploration and Production Technology,2016,6(4):593-603.
[15]SCOTT P D,BEARDMORE D H,WADE Z L,et al.Size degradation of granular lost circulation materials[R].SPE 151227,2012.
[16]邱正松,刘均一,周宝义,等.钻井液致密承压封堵裂缝机理与优化设计[J].石油学报,2016,37(S2):137-143.QIU Zhengsong,LIU Junyi,ZHOU Baoyi,et al.Tight fractureplugging mechanism and optimized design for plugging drilling fluid[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2016,37(S2):137-143.
[17]邱正松,暴丹,刘均一,等.裂缝封堵失稳微观机理及致密承压封堵实验[J].石油学报,2018,39(5):587-596.QIU Zhengsong,BAO Dan,LIU Junyi,et al.Microcosmic mechanism of fracture-plugging instability and experimental study on pressure bearing and tight plugging[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2018,39(5):587-596.
[18]康毅力,许成元,唐龙,等.构筑井周坚韧屏障:井漏控制理论与方法[J].石油勘探与开发,2014,41(4):473-479.KANG Yili,XU Chengyuan,TANG Long,et al.Constructing a tough shield around the wellbore:theory and method for lost-circulation control[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2014,41(4):473-479.
[19]XU Chengyuan,KANG Yili,CHEN Fei,et al.Analytical model of plugging zone strength for drill-in fluid loss control and formation damage prevention in fractured tight reservoir[J].Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering,2017,149:686-700.
[20]许成元,康毅力.基于颗粒物质力学的裂缝封堵层稳定性分析[C]∥中国石油学会石油科技装备专业委员会钻井液完井液技术研讨会论文集.北京:中国石油学会,2011:126-131.XU Chengyuan,KANG Yili.Stability analysis of fracture plugged zone based on granular matter mechanics[C]∥Symposium of Drilling Fluid Completion Technology of Petroleum Equipment Committee of Chinese Petroleum Society.Beijing:Chinese Petroleum Society,2011:126-131.
[21]段永贤,舒小波,李有伟,等.一种超深水平井堵漏材料室内评价研究[J].当代化工,2017,46(2):246-249.DUAN Yongxian,SHU Xiaobo,LI Youwei,et al.Experimental evaluation research on a kind of ultra-deep horizontal well plugging material[J].Contemporary Chemical Industry,2017,46(2):246-249.
[22]国家技术监督局.化学纤维单纤维断裂强力和断裂伸长的测定:GB/T9997-1988[S].北京:中国标准出版社,1989.State Technology Supervision Administration.Man-made fibresDetermination of breaking strength and elongation of individual fibres:GB/T9997-1988[S].Beijing:Standards Press of China,1989.
[23]ZERIOUH A,BELKBIR L.Thermal decomposition of a Moroccan wood under a nitrogen atmosphere[J].Thermochimica Acta,1995,258:243-258.
[24]BYRNE C E,NAGLE D C.Carbonization of wood for advanced materials applications[J].Carbon,1997,35(2):259-266.
[25]曲雯雯,夏洪应,彭金辉,等.核桃壳热解特性及动力学分析[J].农业工程学报,2009,25(2):194-198.QU Wenwen,XIA Hongying,PENG Jinhui,et al.Pyrolysis characteristics and kinetic analysis of walnut shell[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2009,25(2):194-198.
[26]吴晓羽,李硕,王仕峰.废旧轮胎热裂解技术的研究进展[J].特种橡胶制品,2015,36(6):71-75.WU Xiaoyu,LI Shuo,WANG Shifeng.Progress in thermal pyrolysis of waste tires[J].Special Purpose Rubber Products,2015,36(6):71-75.
[27]蒋玉川.普通强度高性能混凝土的高温性能特征[D].北京:北京交通大学,2007.JIANG Yuchuan.Characteristics of normal-strength high-performance concrete exposed to high temperature[D].Beijing:Beijing Jiaotong University,2007.
[28]艾正青,叶艳,刘举,等.一种多面锯齿金属颗粒作为骨架材料的高承压强度、高酸溶随钻堵漏钻井液[J].天然气工业,2017,37(8):74-79.AI Zhengqing,YE Yan,LIU Ju,et al.A new plugging-whiledrilling fluid of high bearing strength and acid solubility with multifaceted zigzag metal particles as a skeleton material[J].Natural Gas Industry,2017,37(8):74-79.
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