2016年台风“莫兰蒂”结构特征的多源卫星探测分析
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摘要
利用Himawari-8卫星、CloudSat卫星和GPM卫星高分辨率资料研究了2016年台风"莫兰蒂"的发展演变过程以及在海面上的IMERG算法获得的降水和台风眼区、外围雨带降水云系三维结构特征。结果表明,"莫兰蒂"台风在超强阶段有小而清晰的圆形台风眼,台风降水呈现非均匀、非对称结构,最强降水集中于台风中心附近。CloudSat卫星发现云墙和螺旋云带由深厚对流云系统组成,云顶附近是卷云和高层云,4 km高度上存在不连续亮带并且亮带以上云系发展旺盛。CloudSat卫星和GPM卫星搭载的雷达均观测到台风云墙内存在高耸的对流"热塔"。GPM卫星搭载的测雨雷达观测到"莫兰蒂"台风眼壁东北侧出现295 mm·h~(-1)的最大降水强度,台风眼两侧的回波强度和潜热加热率垂直结构呈不对称分布。台风眼右侧云墙对流"热塔"内最大回波强度达57 d BZ,最大回波顶高为17 km,最大潜热加热率为88 K·h~(-1),这里暖云降水过程占主导地位。
In September 2016,Typhoon Meranti,the strongest recoded tropical cyclone to date 2016 made landfall over the city of Xiamen,China which caused great disaster. A comprehensive examination of Typhoon Meranti( 2016) development and evolution processes,precipitation derived from the Integrated Multi-satellitE Retrievals for GPM ( IMERG) algorithm and three dimensional structure and characteristics of cloud systems in the typhoon eye and the outer spiral rain bands on the ocean is studied by combination of Himawari-8,CloudSat and Global Precipitation Measurement( GPM ) satellite high resolution data. The results reveal that there is a small and clear circular typhoon eye during the super typhoon stage. The distribution of total 24 hour typhoon precipitation exists heterogeneous and asymmetric structure and the maximum precipitation is located near the center of Typhoon Meranti. Measurements form the CloudSat level 2 cloud scenario classification product reveal that the eye wall and spiral cloud bands of Typhoon Meranti appear in the presence of deep convective cloud system and near the cloud top is cirrus and altostratus cloud. Above the 4 km height,there is discontinuous bright band and vigorous cloud system developed upper the bright band from the CloudSat level 2 Geometrical Profile( GEOPRO) product. The CloudSat and GPM satellite onboard radar see very tall convective hot towers at eye wall of Typhoon Meranti. Estimates precipitation from GPM DPR level-2 A product indicates a maximum 295 mm ·h-1 precipitation rate which is located in the northeastern side of Meranti's eye wall. The vertical profile of radar echo intensity and latent heat from the spectral latent heating algorithm shows asymmetric distribution between eye walls from the GPM satellite. The maximum of 57 dBZ radar echo intensity,17 km radar echo top and 88 K·h-1 latent heat rate in convective hot towers at eye wall on the right side of the eye is observed by the GPM satellite where warm cloud microphysical processes is dominated in this area.
In September 2016,Typhoon Meranti,the strongest recoded tropical cyclone to date 2016 made landfall over the city of Xiamen,China which caused great disaster. A comprehensive examination of Typhoon Meranti( 2016) development and evolution processes,precipitation derived from the Integrated Multi-satellitE Retrievals for GPM ( IMERG) algorithm and three dimensional structure and characteristics of cloud systems in the typhoon eye and the outer spiral rain bands on the ocean is studied by combination of Himawari-8,CloudSat and Global Precipitation Measurement( GPM ) satellite high resolution data. The results reveal that there is a small and clear circular typhoon eye during the super typhoon stage. The distribution of total 24 hour typhoon precipitation exists heterogeneous and asymmetric structure and the maximum precipitation is located near the center of Typhoon Meranti. Measurements form the CloudSat level 2 cloud scenario classification product reveal that the eye wall and spiral cloud bands of Typhoon Meranti appear in the presence of deep convective cloud system and near the cloud top is cirrus and altostratus cloud. Above the 4 km height,there is discontinuous bright band and vigorous cloud system developed upper the bright band from the CloudSat level 2 Geometrical Profile( GEOPRO) product. The CloudSat and GPM satellite onboard radar see very tall convective hot towers at eye wall of Typhoon Meranti. Estimates precipitation from GPM DPR level-2 A product indicates a maximum 295 mm ·h-1 precipitation rate which is located in the northeastern side of Meranti's eye wall. The vertical profile of radar echo intensity and latent heat from the spectral latent heating algorithm shows asymmetric distribution between eye walls from the GPM satellite. The maximum of 57 dBZ radar echo intensity,17 km radar echo top and 88 K·h-1 latent heat rate in convective hot towers at eye wall on the right side of the eye is observed by the GPM satellite where warm cloud microphysical processes is dominated in this area.
引文
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姚小娟,黎伟标,陈淑敏,2014.利用TMI反演的水汽凝结物对热带气旋潜热结构分布的探索研究[J].大气科学,38(5):909-923.DOI:10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.1401.13188.
游然,卢乃锰,邱红,等,2011.用PR资料分析热带气旋卡特里娜降水特征[J].应用气象学报,22(2):203-213.
赵姝慧,周毓荃,2010.利用多种卫星研究台风“艾云尼”宏微观结构特征[J].高原气象,29(5):1254-1260.
Fang Q H,2016.Adapting Chinese cities to climate change[J].Science,354(6311):425-426.
Hou A Y,Kakar R K,Neeck S,et al,2014.The Global Precipitation Measurement mission[J].Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society,95(5):701-722.
Petty G W,1994.Physical retrievals of over-ocean rain rate from multichannel microwave imagery.Part I:Theoretical characteristics of normalized polarization and scattering indices[J].Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics,54(1/4):79-99.
Shige S,Takayabu Y N,Tao W K,et al,2004.Spectral retrieval of latent heating profiles from TRMM PR data.Part I:Development of a model-based algorithm[J].Journal of Applied Meteorology,43(8):1095-1113.
Simpson J,Kummerow C,Tao W K,et al,1996.On the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission(TRMM)[J].Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics,60(1):19-36.
Stephens G L,Vane D G,Boain R J,et al,2002.The CloudSat mission and the A-Train:A new dimension of spacebased observations of clouds and precipitation[J].Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society,83(12):1771-1790.
Tourville N,Stephens G,De Maria M,et al,2015.Remote sensing of tropical cyclones:Observations from CloudSat and A-Train profilers[J].Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society,96(4):609-622.
Ying M,Zhang W,Yu H,et al,2014.An overview of the China Meteorological Administration tropical cyclone database[J].Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology,31(2):287-301.
曹爱琴,程华,王东勇,等,2016.基于TRMM卫星资料的“麦莎”台风降水特征分析[J].中国农学通报,32(26):143-156.
陈联寿,2010.热带气象灾害及其研究进展[J].气象,36(7):101-110.
陈联寿,孟智勇,2001.我国热带气旋研究十年进展[J].大气科学,25(3):420-432.
陈联寿,许映龙,2017.中国台风特大暴雨综述[J].气象与环境科学,40(1):3-10.DOI:10.16765/j.cnki.1673-7148.2017.01.001.
傅云飞,刘栋,王雨,等,2007.热带测雨卫星综合探测结果之“云娜”台风降水云与非降水云特征[J].气象学报,65(3):316-328.
何会中,程明虎,周凤仙,2006.0302号(鲸鱼)台风降水和水粒子空间分布的三维结构特征[J].大气科学,30(3):491-503.
何会中,崔哲虎,程明虎,等,2004.TRMM卫星及其数据产品应用[J].气象科技,32(1):13-18.
刘建军,陈葆德,2017.基于CloudSat卫星资料的青藏高原云系发生频率及其结构[J].高原气象,36(3):632-642.DOI:10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2017.00028.
吕梅,邹力,姚鸣明,等,2009.台风“艾利”降水的非对称结构分析[J].热带气象学报,25(1):22-28.
唐国强,万玮,曾子悦,等,2015.全球降水测量(GPM)计划及其最新进展综述[J].遥感技术与应用,30(4):607-615.DOI:10.11873/j.issn.1004-0323.2015.4.0607.
王承伟,齐铎,徐玥,等,2017.冷空气入侵台风“灿鸿”引发的东北暴雨分析[J].高原气象,36(5):1257-1266.DOI:10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2016.00082.
王新利,唐传师,刘显通,等,2007.利用TRMM卫星资料分析“桑美”台风云系特征[J].气象与减灾研究,30(3):7-11.
杨冰韵,吴晓京,郭徵,2017.基于CloudSat资料的中国地区深对流云物理特征研究[J].高原气象,36(6):1655-1664.DOI:10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2017.00006.
姚小娟,黎伟标,陈淑敏,2014.利用TMI反演的水汽凝结物对热带气旋潜热结构分布的探索研究[J].大气科学,38(5):909-923.DOI:10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.1401.13188.
游然,卢乃锰,邱红,等,2011.用PR资料分析热带气旋卡特里娜降水特征[J].应用气象学报,22(2):203-213.
赵姝慧,周毓荃,2010.利用多种卫星研究台风“艾云尼”宏微观结构特征[J].高原气象,29(5):1254-1260.
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