饲粮能量水平对育肥前期锦江牛瘤胃发酵及血液生化指标的影响
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摘要
本试验旨在探讨饲粮能量水平对育肥前期锦江牛瘤胃发酵及血液生化指标的影响。试验选用50头初始体重为(301.7±30.1) kg的锦江去势公牛,随机分成5个组,即A、B、C、D和E组,每组10头牛。A组饲喂基础饲粮,B、C、D、E组饲粮综合净能在A组基础上依次提高6%、12%、18%、24%,5组饲粮综合净能水平分别为6.02、6.38、6.74、7.10、7.46 M J/kg,粗蛋白质水平一致。预试期10 d,正试期116 d。结果表明:1)随着饲粮能量水平的提高,瘤胃液pH呈逐渐降低的趋势;瘤胃液乙酸含量逐渐升高,丙酸含量逐渐下降,其中C、D、E组乙酸/丙酸显著低于A组(P<0.05),总挥发性脂肪酸(TVFA)含量呈现上升趋势; C组瘤胃液氨态氮(NH3-N)含量显著低于A组(P<0.05),而菌体蛋白(MCP)含量显著高于A组(P<0.05)。2)随着饲粮能量水平的提高,血清葡萄糖(GLU)含量呈逐渐上升的趋势; C和E组血清尿素氮(UN)含量较A组显著降低(P<0.05),高密度脂蛋白(HDL)含量较A组显著升高(P<0.05)。3)随着饲粮能量水平的提高,E组血浆生长激素含量显著高于A、B、C组(P<0.05); E组血浆胰岛素含量显著高于A组(P<0.05);血浆三碘甲状腺原氨酸(T3)、甲状腺素(T4)及胰岛素样生长因子-1含量各组间均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。综上所述,适宜的饲粮能量水平具有改善瘤胃内环境的作用,在育肥前期,随着饲粮能量水平的提高,各组锦江牛的机体代谢处于正常状态,血清GLU含量随之增加,更有利于其发挥生产潜力。在本次试验条件下,结合各项指标得出:育肥前期锦江牛饲粮的综合净能水平为6.74 MJ/kg时效果最佳。
This experiment was conducted to explore the effects of dietary energy level on rumen fermentation and blood biochemical indexes of Jinjiang cattle in the early stage of fattening. Fifty cattle with good body condition and similar weight of( 301. 7 ± 30. 1) kg were randomly divided into 5 groups( A,B,C,D and E groups) with 10 heads in each group. Cattle in group A fed a basal diet,and those in other groups fed diets with the NEmf levels increased by 6%,12%,18% and 24%,respectively on the basis of group A. The NEmf levels of the five diets were 6.02,6.38,6.74,7.10 and 7.46 MJ/kg,respectively and the crude protein levels were consistent. Pre-test period was 10 days and test period was 116 days. The results showed as follows: 1)with the increase of dietary energy level,rumen pH showed a trend of gradually reducing; the acetic acid content in the rumen fluid increased gradually,propionic acid content in the rumen fluid decreased gradually,and the acetic acid/propionic acid in C,D and E groups was significantly lower than that in A group( P<0.05),total volatile fatty acids( TVFA) content in the rumen fluid had an increased trend; the content of NH3-N in C group was significantly lower than that in A group( P<0.05),while the content of mycoprotein( MCP) in the rumen fluid was significantly higher than that in A group( P<0.05). 2) With the increase of dietary energy level,the content of glucose( GLU) in serum gradually increased; the content of urea nitrogen( UN) in serum in C and E groups was significantly lower than that in A group( P<0.05),and the content of high-density lipoprotein( HDL) in serum was significantly higher than that in A group( P<0.05). 3) With the increase of dietary energy level,the plasma growth hormone( GH) content in E group was significantly higher than that in A,B and C groups( P<0.05),and plasma insulin( Ins) content in E group was significantly higher than that in A group( P<0.05). There was no significant difference in plasma triiodothyronine( T3),thyroxine( T4)and insulin like growth factor-1( IGF-1) contents among groups( P>0.05). To sum up,appropriate dietary energy level has the effects of improving the rumen internal environment. In the early stage of fattening,with the increase of dietary energy level,the body metabolism of Jinjiang cattle in each group is in a normal state,and the serum GLU content increases accordingly,which is more conducive to its production potential. In this test condition,the results obtained by combining various indicators show that the optimum NEmf level is6.74 MJ/kg.[Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2019,31( 5) : 2159-2167]
This experiment was conducted to explore the effects of dietary energy level on rumen fermentation and blood biochemical indexes of Jinjiang cattle in the early stage of fattening. Fifty cattle with good body condition and similar weight of( 301. 7 ± 30. 1) kg were randomly divided into 5 groups( A,B,C,D and E groups) with 10 heads in each group. Cattle in group A fed a basal diet,and those in other groups fed diets with the NEmf levels increased by 6%,12%,18% and 24%,respectively on the basis of group A. The NEmf levels of the five diets were 6.02,6.38,6.74,7.10 and 7.46 MJ/kg,respectively and the crude protein levels were consistent. Pre-test period was 10 days and test period was 116 days. The results showed as follows: 1)with the increase of dietary energy level,rumen pH showed a trend of gradually reducing; the acetic acid content in the rumen fluid increased gradually,propionic acid content in the rumen fluid decreased gradually,and the acetic acid/propionic acid in C,D and E groups was significantly lower than that in A group( P<0.05),total volatile fatty acids( TVFA) content in the rumen fluid had an increased trend; the content of NH3-N in C group was significantly lower than that in A group( P<0.05),while the content of mycoprotein( MCP) in the rumen fluid was significantly higher than that in A group( P<0.05). 2) With the increase of dietary energy level,the content of glucose( GLU) in serum gradually increased; the content of urea nitrogen( UN) in serum in C and E groups was significantly lower than that in A group( P<0.05),and the content of high-density lipoprotein( HDL) in serum was significantly higher than that in A group( P<0.05). 3) With the increase of dietary energy level,the plasma growth hormone( GH) content in E group was significantly higher than that in A,B and C groups( P<0.05),and plasma insulin( Ins) content in E group was significantly higher than that in A group( P<0.05). There was no significant difference in plasma triiodothyronine( T3),thyroxine( T4)and insulin like growth factor-1( IGF-1) contents among groups( P>0.05). To sum up,appropriate dietary energy level has the effects of improving the rumen internal environment. In the early stage of fattening,with the increase of dietary energy level,the body metabolism of Jinjiang cattle in each group is in a normal state,and the serum GLU content increases accordingly,which is more conducive to its production potential. In this test condition,the results obtained by combining various indicators show that the optimum NEmf level is6.74 MJ/kg.[Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2019,31( 5) : 2159-2167]
引文
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[17] TAZZOLI M,TROCINO A,BIROLO M,et al. Optimizing feed efficiency and nitrogen excretion in growing rabbits by increasing dietary energy w ith highstarch,high-soluble fibre,low-insoluble fibre supply at low protein levels[J]. Livestock Science,2015,172:59-68
[18] BELANCHE A,DOREAU M,EDWARDS J E,et al.Shifts in the rumen microbiota due to the type of carbohydrate and level of protein ingested by dairy cattle are associated w ith changes in rumen fermentation[J].The Journal of Nutrition,2012,142(9):1684-1692.
[19]潘军,曹玉凤,吕超,等.菌糠对肉牛生长性能和血液生理生化指标的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2011,39(1):21-28.
[20]刘莹莹.补饲水平对放牧杂交肉牛生产性能和血液生化指标的影响[D].硕士学位论文.长沙:湖南农业大学,2008.
[21] PURCHAS R W,MACMILLAN K L,HAFS H D.Pituitary and plasma grow th hormone levels in bulls from birth to one year of age[J]. Journal of Animal Science,1970,31(2):358-363.
[22] LEE C Y,HUNT D W,GRAY S L,et al. Secretory patterns of grow th hormone and insulin-like grow th factor-I during peripubertal period in intact and castrate male cattle[J].Domestic Animal Endocrinology,1991,8(4):481-489.
[2] HERNANDEZ J,BENEDITO J L,ABUELO A,et al.Ruminal acidosis in feedlot:from aetiology to prevention[J]. The Scientific World Journal,2014,2014:702572.
[3]霍路曼.饲粮能量水平对荷斯坦育成牛生长性能、瘤胃发酵及肝脏能量代谢基因表达的影响[D].硕士学位论文.保定:河北农业大学,2018.
[4]刘爽.日粮能量、蛋白水平对架子牛生产性能和血液指标的影响[D].硕士学位论文.哈尔滨:东北农业大学,2016.
[5] VAN SOEST P J,ROBERTSON J B,LEWIS B A.Carbohydrate methodology,metabolism,and nutritional implications in dairy cattle. M ethods for dietary fiber,neutral detergent fiber,and non-starch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition[J]. Journal of Dairy Science,1991,74:3583-3597.
[6]冯宗慈,高民.通过比色测定瘤胃液氨氮含量方法的改进[J].畜牧与饲料科学,2010,31(6/7):37.
[7] MAKKAR H P,BECKER K. Purine quantification in digesta from ruminants by spectrophotometric and HPLC methods[J].British Journal of Nutrition,1999,81(2):107-112.
[8]盛英霞.肉牛育肥的主要技术[J].农技服务,2017,34(24):120.
[9]李义书,侯冠彧,刘诚,等.不同能量水平精料对日本和牛与雷琼牛杂交牛生长性能和血浆生化指标的影响[J].中国畜牧兽医,2018,45(5):1219-1225.
[10]王鸿泽.日粮能量水平对舍饲育肥牦牛生产性能、瘤胃发酵及肌内脂肪代谢的影响[D].硕士学位论文.雅安:四川农业大学,2015.
[11]李红波.不同营养水平对新疆褐牛日增重和血清生化指标、激素水平变化规律的研究[D].硕士学位论文.乌鲁木齐:新疆农业大学,2011.
[12]杨玉能,夏先林.不同能量蛋白比日粮对肉牛育肥效果的影响[J].中国草食动物科学,2015,35(4):43-46.
[13]武婷婷,王敏,郭辉,等.不同能量水平的象草饲粮对肉牛生长、消化及血清生化指标的影响[J].动物营养学报,2018,30(3):1178-1184.
[14] RABELO E,REZENDE R L,BERTICS S J,et al.Effects of transition diets varying in dietary energy density on lactation performance and ruminal parameters of dairy cow s[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2003,86(3):916-925.
[15]崔安,李振,曹阳春,等.不同精粗比日粮对秦川肉牛甲烷产量和瘤胃发酵的影响[J].家畜生态学报,2016,37(9):35-40.
[16] TAS B M,SUSENBETH A. Urinary purine derivates excretion as an indicator of in vivo microbial N flow in cattle:a review[J].Livestock Science,2007,111(3):181-192.
[17] TAZZOLI M,TROCINO A,BIROLO M,et al. Optimizing feed efficiency and nitrogen excretion in growing rabbits by increasing dietary energy w ith highstarch,high-soluble fibre,low-insoluble fibre supply at low protein levels[J]. Livestock Science,2015,172:59-68
[18] BELANCHE A,DOREAU M,EDWARDS J E,et al.Shifts in the rumen microbiota due to the type of carbohydrate and level of protein ingested by dairy cattle are associated w ith changes in rumen fermentation[J].The Journal of Nutrition,2012,142(9):1684-1692.
[19]潘军,曹玉凤,吕超,等.菌糠对肉牛生长性能和血液生理生化指标的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2011,39(1):21-28.
[20]刘莹莹.补饲水平对放牧杂交肉牛生产性能和血液生化指标的影响[D].硕士学位论文.长沙:湖南农业大学,2008.
[21] PURCHAS R W,MACMILLAN K L,HAFS H D.Pituitary and plasma grow th hormone levels in bulls from birth to one year of age[J]. Journal of Animal Science,1970,31(2):358-363.
[22] LEE C Y,HUNT D W,GRAY S L,et al. Secretory patterns of grow th hormone and insulin-like grow th factor-I during peripubertal period in intact and castrate male cattle[J].Domestic Animal Endocrinology,1991,8(4):481-489.