酵母水解物对断奶仔猪生长性能、血清免疫和抗氧化能力及粪便菌群的影响
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摘要
本试验旨在研究酵母水解物对断奶仔猪生长性能、血清免疫和抗氧化能力及粪便菌群的影响。试验选取28头平均体重为(8.02±0.39) kg、健康的(28±1)日龄"杜×长×大"断奶仔猪,随机分为对照组(基础饲粮)和酵母水解物组(酵母水解物等量替代基础饲粮中0.5%的去皮豆粕),每组14个重复,每个重复1头仔猪。试验期28 d。试验结束时,各组选取10头接近平均体重的仔猪,空腹12 h后于试验第29天早上前腔静脉采血,分离血清,-20℃保存待测;同时,采集直肠粪便样,-80℃保存待测。结果表明,与对照组相比:1)饲粮添加酵母水解物可极显著提高断奶仔猪平均日增重和平均日采食量(P<0.01),极显著降低腹泻率(P<0.01),且有降低料重比的趋势(P=0.07); 2)饲粮添加酵母水解物显著降低断奶仔猪血清低密度脂蛋白胆固醇和丙二醛含量(P<0.05),有降低血清甘油三酯含量的趋势(P=0.07); 3)饲粮添加酵母水解物显著提高断奶仔猪血清总抗氧化能力和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性(P<0.05),显著提高血清白蛋白、补体3和补体4含量(P<0.05); 4)饲粮添加酵母水解物显著增加断奶仔猪直肠粪便芽孢杆菌数量(P<0.05),使大肠杆菌数量降低6.53%(P>0.05)。综上所述,饲粮添加0.5%酵母水解物可改善断奶仔猪生长性能,增强机体先天性免疫和血清抗氧化能力,提高直肠粪便芽孢杆菌数量。
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of yeast hydrolyzate on growth performance,serum immunity and antioxidant capacity and fecal microflora of weaned piglets.Twenty-eight healthy(28±1)-day-old Duroc×Landrance×Yorkshire piglets with an average body weight of(8.02±0.39) kg were randomly divided into control group(basal diet) and yeast hydrolyzate group(yeast hydrolysate substituted to0.5% dehulled soybean meal in the basal diet) with 14 replicates per group and 1 piglet per replicate.The experiment lasted for 28 days.At the end of the trial,10 piglets with body weight close to the average weight were selected from per group,and blooded via anterior vena cava to separate the serum fasting 12 h later in the morning on day 29 of the trial.Serum sample was stored at-20 ℃.At the same time,rectal feces were collected and stored at-80 ℃.The results showed as follows,compared with the control group:1) dietary yeast hydrolysate extremely significantly increased the average daily gain and average daily feed intake(P<0.01),extremely significantly decreased the diarrhea rate(P<0.01),and tended to decrease the ratio of feed to gain(P=0.07) of weaned piglets;2) dietary yeast hydrolyzate significantly decreased the serum contents of low density lipoprotein cholesterol and malondialdehyde(P<0.05),and tended to decrease serum triglyceride content(P=0.07) of weaned piglets;3) dietary yeast hydrolyzate significantly increased the total antioxidant capability,the glutathione peroxidase activity,and the contents of albumin,complement 3 and complement 4 in serum of weaned piglets(P<0.05);4) the number of rectal fecal Bacillus was significantly increased(P<0.05),and the number of rectal fecal Escherichia coli was reduced by 6.53%(P>0.05) in yeast hydrolyzate group.In conclusion,dietary 0.5% yeast hydrolyzate can improve the growth performance,enhance the innate immunity and antioxidant capacity,and increase the count of Bacillus in rectal feces of weaned piglets.
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of yeast hydrolyzate on growth performance,serum immunity and antioxidant capacity and fecal microflora of weaned piglets.Twenty-eight healthy(28±1)-day-old Duroc×Landrance×Yorkshire piglets with an average body weight of(8.02±0.39) kg were randomly divided into control group(basal diet) and yeast hydrolyzate group(yeast hydrolysate substituted to0.5% dehulled soybean meal in the basal diet) with 14 replicates per group and 1 piglet per replicate.The experiment lasted for 28 days.At the end of the trial,10 piglets with body weight close to the average weight were selected from per group,and blooded via anterior vena cava to separate the serum fasting 12 h later in the morning on day 29 of the trial.Serum sample was stored at-20 ℃.At the same time,rectal feces were collected and stored at-80 ℃.The results showed as follows,compared with the control group:1) dietary yeast hydrolysate extremely significantly increased the average daily gain and average daily feed intake(P<0.01),extremely significantly decreased the diarrhea rate(P<0.01),and tended to decrease the ratio of feed to gain(P=0.07) of weaned piglets;2) dietary yeast hydrolyzate significantly decreased the serum contents of low density lipoprotein cholesterol and malondialdehyde(P<0.05),and tended to decrease serum triglyceride content(P=0.07) of weaned piglets;3) dietary yeast hydrolyzate significantly increased the total antioxidant capability,the glutathione peroxidase activity,and the contents of albumin,complement 3 and complement 4 in serum of weaned piglets(P<0.05);4) the number of rectal fecal Bacillus was significantly increased(P<0.05),and the number of rectal fecal Escherichia coli was reduced by 6.53%(P>0.05) in yeast hydrolyzate group.In conclusion,dietary 0.5% yeast hydrolyzate can improve the growth performance,enhance the innate immunity and antioxidant capacity,and increase the count of Bacillus in rectal feces of weaned piglets.
引文
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[19]BISWAS G,KORENAGA H,NAGAMINE R,et al.Immune stimulant effects of a nucleotide-rich baker's yeast extract in the kuruma shrimp,Marsupenaeus japonicus[J].Aquaculture,2012,366-367:40-45.
[20]MALDONADO R R,AGUIAR-OLIVEIRA E,POZZA E L,et al.Application of yeast hydrolysate in extracellular lipase production by G eotrichum candidum in shaken flasks,stirred tank,and airlift reactors[J].The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering,2015,93(9):1524-1530.
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[22]OZDEMIR D,UYSAL N,TUGYAN K,et al.The effect of melatonin on endotoxemia-induced intestinal apoptosis and oxidative stress in infant rats[J].Intensive Care Medicine,2007,33(3):511-516.
[23]BENZIE I F F.Evolution of dietary antioxidants[J].Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A:Molecular&Integrative Physiology,2003,136(1):113-126.
[24]AMES B N,CATHCART R,SCHWIERS E,et al.Uric acid provides an antioxidant defense in humans against oxidant-and radical-caused aging and cancer:a hypothesis[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,1981,78(11):6858-6862.
[25]POURAHMAD J,SHAKI F,TANBAKOSAZAN F,et al.Protective effects of fungalβ-(1→3)-D-glucan against oxidative stress cytotoxicity induced by depleted uranium in isolated rat hepatocytes[J].Human&Experimental Toxicology,2011,30(3):173-181.
[26]MERLE N S,CHURCH S E,FREMEAUX-BACCHI V,et al.Complement system partⅠ-molecular mechanisms of activation and regulation[J].Frontiers in Immunology,2015,6:262.
[27]XIONG X,YANG H S,LI B,et al.Dietary supplementation with yeast product improves intestinal function,and serum and ileal amino acid contents in weaned piglets[J].Livestock Science,2015,171:20-27.
[28]MANZANO M,ABADA-MOLINA A C,OLIVARES E G,et al.Dietary nucleotides accelerate changes in intestinal lymphocyte maturation in weanling mice[J].Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition,2003,37(4):453-461.
[29]VALPOTIC'H,SAMARD ZIJA M,TERZIC'S,et al.Effect of mannan oligosaccharide supplementation on blood and intestinal immune cells,bacteria numbers and performance in weaned pigs[J].Acta Veterinaria,2016,85(3):267-276.
[30]ALEXOPOULOS C,GEORGOULAKIS I E,TZIVARA A,et al.Field evaluation of the effect of a probiotic-containing Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus subtilis spores on the health status,performance,and carcass quality of grower and finisher pigs[J].Journal of V eterinary Medicine,2004,51(6):306-312.
[31]KONSTANTINOV S R,AWATI A A,WILLIAMS B A,et al.Post-natal development of the porcine microbiota composition and activities[J].Envionmental Microbiology,2006,8(7):1191-1199.
[32]ANDRS-ELIAS N,PUJOLS J,BADIOLA I,et al.Effect of nucleotides and carob pulp on gut health and performance of weanling piglets[J].Livestock Science,2007,108(1/2/3):280-283.
[33]POSADAS G A,BROADWAY P R,THORNTON J A,et al.Yeast pro-and paraprobiotics have the capability to bind pathogenic bacteria associated with animal disease[J].Translational Animal Science,2017,1(1):60-68.
[2]LIU G,YANG G,GUAN G P,et al.Effect of dietary selenium yeast supplementation on porcine circovirus type 2(PCV2)infections in mice[J].PLoS One,2015,10(2):e0115833.
[3]UPADHAYA S D,KIMI H.Effects of essential oil and yeast culture supplements on grow th performance,nutrient digestibility and blood characteristics in weaning pigs[J].The Indian Journal of Animal Sciences,2015,85(9):1017-1020.
[4]REYNOLDS O L,ORCHARD B A,COLLINS S R,et al.Yeast hydrolysate supplementation increases field abundance and persistence of sexually mature sterile Queensland fruit fly,Bactrocera tryoni(Froggatt)[J].Bulletin of Entomological Research,2014,104(2):251-261.
[5]DAVIS ME,MAXWELL C V,ERF G F,et al.Dietary supplementation with phosphorylated mannans improves grow th response and modulates immune function of weanling pigs[J].Journal of Animal Science,2004,82(6):1882-1891.
[6]VOLMAN J J,RAMAKERS J D,PLAT J.Dietary modulation of immune function byβ-glucans[J].Physiology&Behavior,2008,94(2):276-284.
[7]MOLIST F,VAN EERDEN E,PARMENTIER H K,et al.Effects of inclusion of hydrolyzed yeast on the immune response and performance of piglets after weaning[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2014,195:136-141.
[8]文超越,李勇,邢伟刚,等.酵母水解物与复合酶制剂或微生态制剂组合替代血浆蛋白粉对保育猪生长性能和血清生化指标的影响[J].动物营养学报,2016,28(12):3988-3995.
[9]JUNG E Y,HONG Y H,KIMJ H,et al.Effects of yeast hydrolysate on hepatic lipid metabolism in highfat-diet-induced obese mice:yeast hydrolysate suppresses body fat accumulation by attenuating fatty acid synthesis[J].Annals of Nutrition&Metabolism,2012,61(2):89-94.
[10]MUNICIO C,ALVAREZ Y,MONTERO O,et al.The response of human macrophages toβ-glucans depends on the inflammatory milieu[J].PLoS One,2013,8(4):e62016.
[11]WAITITU S M,HEO J M,PATTERSON R,et al.Dietary yeast-based nucleotides as an alternative to infeed antibiotics in promoting grow th performance and nutrient utilization in weaned pigs[J].Canadian Journal of Animal Science,2016,96(3):289-293.
[12]周世业.外源核苷酸对断奶仔猪生长性能和抗氧化功能影响的研究[D].硕士学位论文.福州:福建农林大学,2008:26-27.
[13]SAUER N,EKLUND M,BAUER E,et al.The effects of pure nucleotides on performance,humoral immunity,gut structure and numbers of intestinal bacteria of new ly weaned pigs[J].Journal of Animal Science,2012,90(9):3126-3134.
[14]GIANG H H,VIET T Q,OGLE B,et al.Growth performance,digestibility,gut environment and health status in weaned piglets fed a diet supplemented with a complex of lactic acid bacteria alone or in combination with Bacillus subtilis and Saccharomyces boulardii[J].Livestock Science,2012,143(2/3):132-141.
[15]刁慧.苯甲酸和百里香酚对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道健康的影响[D].硕士学位论文.雅安:四川农业大学,2013.
[16]QI H W,XIANG Z T,HAN G Q,et al.Effects of different dietary protein sources on cecal microflora in rats[J].African Journal of Biotechnology,2011,10(19):3704-3708.
[17]DIEHL J.All in good taste:creating natural savory flavorings from yeast[C]//Nutritional Biotechnology in the Feed and Food Industries.Proceedings of Alltech's20th Annual Symposium:Reimagining the Feed Industry.Lexington:Alltech,2004:23-26.
[18]HOSSAIN MS,KOSHIO S,ISHIKAWA M,et al.Dietary nucleotide administration influences grow th,immune responses and oxidative stress resistance of juvenile red sea bream(Pagrus major)[J].Aquaculture,2016,455:41-49.
[19]BISWAS G,KORENAGA H,NAGAMINE R,et al.Immune stimulant effects of a nucleotide-rich baker's yeast extract in the kuruma shrimp,Marsupenaeus japonicus[J].Aquaculture,2012,366-367:40-45.
[20]MALDONADO R R,AGUIAR-OLIVEIRA E,POZZA E L,et al.Application of yeast hydrolysate in extracellular lipase production by G eotrichum candidum in shaken flasks,stirred tank,and airlift reactors[J].The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering,2015,93(9):1524-1530.
[21]MARTINEZ-PUIG D,MANZANILLA E G,MORALES J,et al.Dietary nucleotide supplementation reduces occurrence of diarrhoea in early weaned pigs[J].Livestock Science,2007,108(1/2/3):276-279.
[22]OZDEMIR D,UYSAL N,TUGYAN K,et al.The effect of melatonin on endotoxemia-induced intestinal apoptosis and oxidative stress in infant rats[J].Intensive Care Medicine,2007,33(3):511-516.
[23]BENZIE I F F.Evolution of dietary antioxidants[J].Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A:Molecular&Integrative Physiology,2003,136(1):113-126.
[24]AMES B N,CATHCART R,SCHWIERS E,et al.Uric acid provides an antioxidant defense in humans against oxidant-and radical-caused aging and cancer:a hypothesis[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,1981,78(11):6858-6862.
[25]POURAHMAD J,SHAKI F,TANBAKOSAZAN F,et al.Protective effects of fungalβ-(1→3)-D-glucan against oxidative stress cytotoxicity induced by depleted uranium in isolated rat hepatocytes[J].Human&Experimental Toxicology,2011,30(3):173-181.
[26]MERLE N S,CHURCH S E,FREMEAUX-BACCHI V,et al.Complement system partⅠ-molecular mechanisms of activation and regulation[J].Frontiers in Immunology,2015,6:262.
[27]XIONG X,YANG H S,LI B,et al.Dietary supplementation with yeast product improves intestinal function,and serum and ileal amino acid contents in weaned piglets[J].Livestock Science,2015,171:20-27.
[28]MANZANO M,ABADA-MOLINA A C,OLIVARES E G,et al.Dietary nucleotides accelerate changes in intestinal lymphocyte maturation in weanling mice[J].Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition,2003,37(4):453-461.
[29]VALPOTIC'H,SAMARD ZIJA M,TERZIC'S,et al.Effect of mannan oligosaccharide supplementation on blood and intestinal immune cells,bacteria numbers and performance in weaned pigs[J].Acta Veterinaria,2016,85(3):267-276.
[30]ALEXOPOULOS C,GEORGOULAKIS I E,TZIVARA A,et al.Field evaluation of the effect of a probiotic-containing Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus subtilis spores on the health status,performance,and carcass quality of grower and finisher pigs[J].Journal of V eterinary Medicine,2004,51(6):306-312.
[31]KONSTANTINOV S R,AWATI A A,WILLIAMS B A,et al.Post-natal development of the porcine microbiota composition and activities[J].Envionmental Microbiology,2006,8(7):1191-1199.
[32]ANDRS-ELIAS N,PUJOLS J,BADIOLA I,et al.Effect of nucleotides and carob pulp on gut health and performance of weanling piglets[J].Livestock Science,2007,108(1/2/3):280-283.
[33]POSADAS G A,BROADWAY P R,THORNTON J A,et al.Yeast pro-and paraprobiotics have the capability to bind pathogenic bacteria associated with animal disease[J].Translational Animal Science,2017,1(1):60-68.