陕北黄土高原不同微地形下植被-土壤系统耦合特征研究
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摘要
【目的】为探究不同微地形下植被和土壤之间的耦合协调关系。【方法】基于陕北黄土高原5种不同微地形及原状坡植被土壤的全面调查与取样分析,建立7个植被因子和6个土壤因子指标评价体系,采用AHP和熵权法确定各因子的权重,构建了6种地形下的植被土壤耦合协调度模型。最后分析了植被和土壤各因子间的相关关系。【结果】(1)经过十几年的封育,不同地形下的植被土壤系统处在完全不同的发展状态上,其中切沟和塌陷属于良好协调-同步型,缓台属于初级协调-植被滞后型,浅沟属于濒临失调-土壤损益型,陡坎属于中度失调-植被损益型,原状坡属于极度失调-植被损益型。随着耦合协调状态的提升,地上优势物种也由星毛委陵菜逐渐过渡到铁杆蒿、茭蒿。(2)Spearman相关性分析表明:植被平均高度与土壤有机质和全氮呈显著正相关;植被盖度与土壤全氮呈显著正相关;植被Pielou、Simpson和Shannon-Wiener指数与土壤有机质呈显著正相关,与土壤全氮和速效钾呈极显著正相关。【结论】陕北黄土高原进行生态恢复重建过程时应根据不同的地形实施不同标准的恢复措施。
【Objective】The aim of this study was to explore the coupling and coordination relationships between vegetation and soil under different microtopographies.【Method】Based on investigation and sampling analysis of five different microtopographies and undisturbed slope vegetation soil in the loess plateau of northern Shaanxi province,seven vegetation and six soil factors were established. The weight of the factor was determined by AHP and entropy method. The model of vegetation-soil coupling coordination degree was established under six different microtopographies. The correlation between vegetation and soil factors was analyzed.【Result】(1)After more than ten years of enclosure recovery,vegetation-soil system under different topographies was in different development states. The gully and collapse were good coordination-synchronous type. The platform was fundamental coordination-vegetation lag type.The shallow gully was near offset-soil profit and loss type. The scarp was moderate offset-vegetation profit and loss type. The undisturbed slope was the type of extreme offset-vegetation profit and loss. With the improvement of the coupling coordination state,the above-ground dominant species was also gradually transferred from the Potentilla acaulis to Artemisia scoparia and Leymus secalinus. (2)Spearman correlation analysis reveled the average height of vegetation was positively correlated with soil organic matter and total nitrogen. Vegetation coverage was positively correlated with soil total nitrogen. Pielou,Simpson and Shannon-wiener indices were positively associated with soil organic matter,total nitrogen and available potassium. Simpson index was positively correlated with soil total nitrogen and available potassium.【Conclusion】For ecological restoration and reconstruction in the Loess Plateau of northern Shaanxi,restoration standards should be considered according to different topographies.
【Objective】The aim of this study was to explore the coupling and coordination relationships between vegetation and soil under different microtopographies.【Method】Based on investigation and sampling analysis of five different microtopographies and undisturbed slope vegetation soil in the loess plateau of northern Shaanxi province,seven vegetation and six soil factors were established. The weight of the factor was determined by AHP and entropy method. The model of vegetation-soil coupling coordination degree was established under six different microtopographies. The correlation between vegetation and soil factors was analyzed.【Result】(1)After more than ten years of enclosure recovery,vegetation-soil system under different topographies was in different development states. The gully and collapse were good coordination-synchronous type. The platform was fundamental coordination-vegetation lag type.The shallow gully was near offset-soil profit and loss type. The scarp was moderate offset-vegetation profit and loss type. The undisturbed slope was the type of extreme offset-vegetation profit and loss. With the improvement of the coupling coordination state,the above-ground dominant species was also gradually transferred from the Potentilla acaulis to Artemisia scoparia and Leymus secalinus. (2)Spearman correlation analysis reveled the average height of vegetation was positively correlated with soil organic matter and total nitrogen. Vegetation coverage was positively correlated with soil total nitrogen. Pielou,Simpson and Shannon-wiener indices were positively associated with soil organic matter,total nitrogen and available potassium. Simpson index was positively correlated with soil total nitrogen and available potassium.【Conclusion】For ecological restoration and reconstruction in the Loess Plateau of northern Shaanxi,restoration standards should be considered according to different topographies.
引文
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[12]焦菊英,马祥华,白文娟,等.黄土丘陵沟壑区退耕地植物群落与土壤环境因子的对应分析[J].土壤学报,2005,42(5):744-752.
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[14]丁志伟,张改素,王发曾,等.中国工业化、城镇化、农业现代化、信息化、绿色化“五化”协调定量评价的进展与反思[J].地理科学进展,2016,35(1):4-13.
[15]张玉萍,瓦哈甫·哈力克,党建华,等.吐鲁番旅游-经济-生态环境耦合协调发展分析[J].人文地理,2014,29(4):140-145.
[16]易平,方世明.地质公园社会经济与生态环境效益耦合协调度研究:以嵩山世界地质公园为例[J].资源科学,2014,36(1):206-216.
[17]张春晖,马耀峰,吴晶,等.供需视角下西部入境旅游流与目的地耦合协调度及其时空分异研究[J].经济地理,2013,33(10):174-181.
[18]彭晚霞,宋同清,曾馥平,等.喀斯特峰丛洼地退耕还林还草工程的植被土壤耦合协调度模型[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(9):305-310.
[19]徐明,张健,刘国彬,等.不同植被恢复模式沟谷地植被-土壤系统耦合关系评价[J].自然资源学报,2016,31(12):2137-2146.
[20]刘耀彬,李仁东,宋学锋.中国城市化与生态环境耦合度分析[J].自然资源学报,2005(1):105-112.
[21]生延超,钟志平.旅游产业与区域经济的耦合协调度研究:以湖南省为例[J].旅游学刊,2009,24(8):23-29.
[22]张艳,赵廷宁,史常青,等.坡面植被恢复过程中植被与土壤特征评价[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(3):124-131.
[23]赵丽,朱永明,付梅臣,等.主成分分析法和熵值法在农村居民点集约利用评价中的比较[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(7):235-242.
[24]张健,刘国彬,许明祥,等.黄土丘陵区沟谷地植被恢复群落特征研究[J].草地学报,2008(5):485-490.
[25]蒋定生,刘梅梅,黄国俊.降水在凸-凹形坡上再分配规律初探[J].水土保持通报,1987(1):45-50.
[26]杨武德,王兆骞,眭国平,等.红壤坡地土壤侵蚀定位土芯Eu示踪法研究[J].土壤侵蚀与水土保持学报,1998(1):62-66.
[27]李斌兵,郑粉莉,张鹏.黄土高原丘陵沟壑区小流域浅沟和切沟侵蚀区的界定[J].水土保持通报,2008,28(5):16-20.
[28]杨丽霞,陈少锋,安娟娟,等.陕北黄土丘陵区不同植被类型群落多样性与土壤有机质、全氮关系研究[J].草地学报,2014,22(2):291-298.
[29]李登武,张文辉,任争争,等.黄土丘陵沟壑区沙棘人工林不同恢复阶段物种多样性与土壤肥力的关系研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,2007,25(5):25-30.
[30]杨青青,杨众养,薛杨,等.海南文昌滨海台地不同森林林下灌草多样性及其与土壤因子关联分析[J].热带作物学报,2015,36(12):2238-2244.
[31]燕亚媛,金一兰,刘思齐,等.内蒙古草原优势种群种间关联特征分析[J].内蒙古大学学报(自然科学版),2016,47(6):617-624.
[32]郭俊兵,狄晓艳,李素清.山西大同矿区煤矸石山自然定居植物群落优势种种间关系[J].生态学杂志,2015,34(12):3327-3332.郭曼,郑粉莉,和文祥,等.黄土丘陵区不同退耕年限植被多样
[33]性变化及其与土壤养分和酶活性的关系[J].土壤学报,2010,47(5):979-986.
[2]李冬梅,焦峰,雷波,等.黄土丘陵区不同草本群落生物量与土壤水分的特征分析[J].中国水土保持科学,2014,12(1):33-37.
[3]路保昌,薛智德,朱清科,等.干旱阳坡半阳坡微地形土壤水分分布研究[J].水土保持通报,2009,29(1):62-65.
[4]邝高明,朱清科,赵磊磊,等.黄土丘陵沟壑区陡坡微地形分布研究[J].干旱区研究,2012,29(6):1083-1088.
[5]王延平,邵明安,张兴昌.陕北黄土区陡坡地人工植被的土壤水分生态环境[J].生态学报,2008,28(8):3769-3778.
[6]张宏芝,朱清科,赵磊磊,等.陕北黄土坡面微地形土壤化学性质[J].中国水土保持科学,2011,9(5):20-25.
[7]邝高明,朱清科,刘中奇,等.黄土丘陵沟壑区微地形对土壤水分及生物量的影响[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(3):74-77.
[8]赵荟,朱清科,秦伟,等.黄土高原干旱阳坡微地形土壤水分特征研究[J].水土保持通报,2010,30(3):64-68.
[9]王晶,朱清科,秦伟,等.陕北黄土区封禁流域坡面微地形植被特征分异[J].应用生态学报,2012,23(3):694-700.
[10]张宏芝,朱清科,王晶,等.陕北黄土坡面微地形土壤物理性质研究[J].水土保持通报,2011,31(6):55-58.
[11]卢纪元,朱清科,陈文思,等.陕北黄土区植被特征对坡面微地形的响应[J].中国水土保持科学,2016,14(1):53-60.
[12]焦菊英,马祥华,白文娟,等.黄土丘陵沟壑区退耕地植物群落与土壤环境因子的对应分析[J].土壤学报,2005,42(5):744-752.
[13]LI YF,LI Y,ZHOU Y,et al.Investigation of a coupling model of coordination between urbanization and the environmen[tJ].Journal of Environmental Management,2012,98:127-133.
[14]丁志伟,张改素,王发曾,等.中国工业化、城镇化、农业现代化、信息化、绿色化“五化”协调定量评价的进展与反思[J].地理科学进展,2016,35(1):4-13.
[15]张玉萍,瓦哈甫·哈力克,党建华,等.吐鲁番旅游-经济-生态环境耦合协调发展分析[J].人文地理,2014,29(4):140-145.
[16]易平,方世明.地质公园社会经济与生态环境效益耦合协调度研究:以嵩山世界地质公园为例[J].资源科学,2014,36(1):206-216.
[17]张春晖,马耀峰,吴晶,等.供需视角下西部入境旅游流与目的地耦合协调度及其时空分异研究[J].经济地理,2013,33(10):174-181.
[18]彭晚霞,宋同清,曾馥平,等.喀斯特峰丛洼地退耕还林还草工程的植被土壤耦合协调度模型[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(9):305-310.
[19]徐明,张健,刘国彬,等.不同植被恢复模式沟谷地植被-土壤系统耦合关系评价[J].自然资源学报,2016,31(12):2137-2146.
[20]刘耀彬,李仁东,宋学锋.中国城市化与生态环境耦合度分析[J].自然资源学报,2005(1):105-112.
[21]生延超,钟志平.旅游产业与区域经济的耦合协调度研究:以湖南省为例[J].旅游学刊,2009,24(8):23-29.
[22]张艳,赵廷宁,史常青,等.坡面植被恢复过程中植被与土壤特征评价[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(3):124-131.
[23]赵丽,朱永明,付梅臣,等.主成分分析法和熵值法在农村居民点集约利用评价中的比较[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(7):235-242.
[24]张健,刘国彬,许明祥,等.黄土丘陵区沟谷地植被恢复群落特征研究[J].草地学报,2008(5):485-490.
[25]蒋定生,刘梅梅,黄国俊.降水在凸-凹形坡上再分配规律初探[J].水土保持通报,1987(1):45-50.
[26]杨武德,王兆骞,眭国平,等.红壤坡地土壤侵蚀定位土芯Eu示踪法研究[J].土壤侵蚀与水土保持学报,1998(1):62-66.
[27]李斌兵,郑粉莉,张鹏.黄土高原丘陵沟壑区小流域浅沟和切沟侵蚀区的界定[J].水土保持通报,2008,28(5):16-20.
[28]杨丽霞,陈少锋,安娟娟,等.陕北黄土丘陵区不同植被类型群落多样性与土壤有机质、全氮关系研究[J].草地学报,2014,22(2):291-298.
[29]李登武,张文辉,任争争,等.黄土丘陵沟壑区沙棘人工林不同恢复阶段物种多样性与土壤肥力的关系研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,2007,25(5):25-30.
[30]杨青青,杨众养,薛杨,等.海南文昌滨海台地不同森林林下灌草多样性及其与土壤因子关联分析[J].热带作物学报,2015,36(12):2238-2244.
[31]燕亚媛,金一兰,刘思齐,等.内蒙古草原优势种群种间关联特征分析[J].内蒙古大学学报(自然科学版),2016,47(6):617-624.
[32]郭俊兵,狄晓艳,李素清.山西大同矿区煤矸石山自然定居植物群落优势种种间关系[J].生态学杂志,2015,34(12):3327-3332.郭曼,郑粉莉,和文祥,等.黄土丘陵区不同退耕年限植被多样
[33]性变化及其与土壤养分和酶活性的关系[J].土壤学报,2010,47(5):979-986.