VSP处理新技术及应用
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摘要
近年来随着油气田开发程度的深入、油井数量的猛增,对地震勘探精度提出了许多新的要求,VSP技术正是在这种背景下不断适应新的需求,取得了快速的发展。首先全面介绍了东方地球物理公司在VSP技术方面的创新性研究及其在勘探开发实例中的应用效果;其次重点探讨了VSP技术与地面地震不同的处理方法,包括参数提取、波场分离、反褶积及成像等;然后对于最新发展的分布式光纤传感(Distributed Acoustic Sensing,DAS)VSP技术也进行了简要论述;最后展示了VSP技术在地震勘探向开发延伸中的独特作用和发展潜力。
In recent years,the number of oil wells has rapidly increased with the development of oil and gas fields in China,and many new requirements for seismic accuracy have been put forward.In this background vertical seismic profile(VSP)is constantly adapting to new needs and has achieved rapid developments.This paper comprehensively introduces the innovative research of VSP and its applications in many exploration and development examples in China,discusses VSP processing methods different from surface seismic,including parameter estimation,wavefield separation,deconvolution,and imaging.The distributed acoustic sensing(DAS)VSP is also introduced in this paper,which may demonstrate the unique role and development potential of VSP in the extension from exploration to development.
In recent years,the number of oil wells has rapidly increased with the development of oil and gas fields in China,and many new requirements for seismic accuracy have been put forward.In this background vertical seismic profile(VSP)is constantly adapting to new needs and has achieved rapid developments.This paper comprehensively introduces the innovative research of VSP and its applications in many exploration and development examples in China,discusses VSP processing methods different from surface seismic,including parameter estimation,wavefield separation,deconvolution,and imaging.The distributed acoustic sensing(DAS)VSP is also introduced in this paper,which may demonstrate the unique role and development potential of VSP in the extension from exploration to development.
引文
[1] 赵邦六,董世泰,曾忠.井中地震技术的昨天、今天和明天——井中地震技术发展及应用展望[J].石油地球物理勘探,2017,52(5):1112-1123.ZHAO Bangliu,DONG Shitai,ZENG Zhong.Borehole seismic development,status quo and future:Application prospect of borehole seismic[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2017,52(5):1112-1123.
[2] 加尔彼林著; 朱光明译.垂直地震剖面[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1983.
[3] 李彦鹏,陈沅忠,徐刚,等.大阵列3D-VSP技术在大庆油田的应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2011,46(2):311-316.LI Yanpeng,CHEN Yuanzhong,XU Gang,et al.Large-array 3D-VSP technique applied to Daqing Oil Field[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2011,46(2):311-316.
[4] Stevenson P.Microearthquakes at Flathead Lake,Montana:A study using automatic earthquake processing[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,1976,66(1):45-60.
[5] Bath M.Spectral Analysis in Geophysics[M].Elsevier,New York,1974.
[6] Tonn R.The determination of the seismic quality factor Q from VSP data:A comparison of different computational method[J].Geophysical Prospecting,1991,39(1):1-27.
[7] Thomsen L.Weak elastic anisotropy[J].Geophysics,1986,51(10):1954-1966.
[8] 刘洋,魏修成,赵伟,等.斜井VSP三分量检波器定向方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,2008,43(1):34-40.LIU Yang,WEI Xiucheng,ZHAO Wei,et al.Orientation method of 3-C geophone in incline well VSP[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2008,43(1):34-40.
[9] 魏修成,吴律,田子奇.变速视慢度波场分离[J].石油地球物理勘探,1993,28(4):418-429.WEI Xiucheng,WU Lü,TIAN Ziqi.Wave field separation using apparent slowness of variable velocity[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,1993,28(4):418-429.
[10] Christie P A F,Hughes V J and Kennett B L N.Velocity filtering of seismic reflection data[J].First Break,1983,1(3):9-24.
[11] Stewart R R.Median filtering: Review and a new f/k analogue design[J].Journal of The Canadian Society of Exploration Geophysicists,1985,21(1):54-63.
[12] Carswell A,Tane R,Dilliston C,et al.A new methoh of wavefield separation in VSP data processing[C].SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,1984,3:40-42.
[13] Jovanovic K and Marfurt K J.P and S waves separation from vector VSP’s by a blocky anti-alias discrete Radon transform:Application to Vinton Dome,LA[C].SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,2004,23:2513-2516
[14] Leaney W S.Parametric wavefield decomposition and applications[C].SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,1990,9:1097-1100.
[15] Leaney W.Anisotropic vector wavefield decomposi-tion for 3D VSP data[C].SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,2002,21:2369-2372.
[16] Sun W,Sun Z D,and Bai H J.3C-3D VSP vectorwavefield separation with constrained inversion[C].SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,2009,28:4080-4084.
[17] 严又生,宜明理,魏新,等.三维三分量VSP数据处理方法及效果[J].石油地球物理勘探,2005,40(1):18-24.YAN Yousheng,YI Mingli,WEI Xin,et al.3D-3C VSP data processing methods and effects[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2005,40(1):18-24.
[18] Wyatt K D and Wyatt S B.The determination of subsurface structural information using the vertical seismic profile[C].The 51st SEG Annual International Meeting,1981.
[19] Li Y P,Zhao H Y,Chen Y Z,et al.Study of time-lapse VSP in CO2 monitoring[C].SEG/SPE Workshop,2017.
[20] Li Y P,Zhu X F,Wan X P,et al.Tight sand gas prediction with walkaway +walkaround VSP[C].EAGE Borehole Geophysics Workshop,2011.
[21] Li Y P,Chen Y Z,Peng J X,et al.Walkaway VSP multi-wave imaging over a gas cloud area[C].Extended Abstracts of 72nd EAGE Conference & Exhibition,2010.
[22] Lou M,Cheng D J and Doherty F.Suppressing VSP migration artifacts and noise by selected-aperture migration and damped-least-square smoothing[C].SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,2009,28:4144-4148.
[23] 王华忠,徐蔚亚,王建民,等.VSP数据波动方程叠前深度偏移及立体地震成像[J].石油地球物理勘探,2001,36(5):517-532.WANG Huazhong,XU Weiya,WANG Jianmin,et al.Prestack depth migration of VSP data and stereosco-pic seismic imaging[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2001,36(5):517-532.
[24] Yu G,Cai Z D,Chen Y Z,et al.Walkaway VSP using multimode optical fibers in a hybrid wireline[J].The Leading Edge,2016,35(7):615-619.
[25] Yu G,Cai Z D,Chen Y Z,et al.Borehole seismic survey using multimode optical fibers in a hybrid wireline[J].Measurement,2018,125(4):694-703.
[2] 加尔彼林著; 朱光明译.垂直地震剖面[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1983.
[3] 李彦鹏,陈沅忠,徐刚,等.大阵列3D-VSP技术在大庆油田的应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2011,46(2):311-316.LI Yanpeng,CHEN Yuanzhong,XU Gang,et al.Large-array 3D-VSP technique applied to Daqing Oil Field[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2011,46(2):311-316.
[4] Stevenson P.Microearthquakes at Flathead Lake,Montana:A study using automatic earthquake processing[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,1976,66(1):45-60.
[5] Bath M.Spectral Analysis in Geophysics[M].Elsevier,New York,1974.
[6] Tonn R.The determination of the seismic quality factor Q from VSP data:A comparison of different computational method[J].Geophysical Prospecting,1991,39(1):1-27.
[7] Thomsen L.Weak elastic anisotropy[J].Geophysics,1986,51(10):1954-1966.
[8] 刘洋,魏修成,赵伟,等.斜井VSP三分量检波器定向方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,2008,43(1):34-40.LIU Yang,WEI Xiucheng,ZHAO Wei,et al.Orientation method of 3-C geophone in incline well VSP[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2008,43(1):34-40.
[9] 魏修成,吴律,田子奇.变速视慢度波场分离[J].石油地球物理勘探,1993,28(4):418-429.WEI Xiucheng,WU Lü,TIAN Ziqi.Wave field separation using apparent slowness of variable velocity[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,1993,28(4):418-429.
[10] Christie P A F,Hughes V J and Kennett B L N.Velocity filtering of seismic reflection data[J].First Break,1983,1(3):9-24.
[11] Stewart R R.Median filtering: Review and a new f/k analogue design[J].Journal of The Canadian Society of Exploration Geophysicists,1985,21(1):54-63.
[12] Carswell A,Tane R,Dilliston C,et al.A new methoh of wavefield separation in VSP data processing[C].SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,1984,3:40-42.
[13] Jovanovic K and Marfurt K J.P and S waves separation from vector VSP’s by a blocky anti-alias discrete Radon transform:Application to Vinton Dome,LA[C].SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,2004,23:2513-2516
[14] Leaney W S.Parametric wavefield decomposition and applications[C].SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,1990,9:1097-1100.
[15] Leaney W.Anisotropic vector wavefield decomposi-tion for 3D VSP data[C].SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,2002,21:2369-2372.
[16] Sun W,Sun Z D,and Bai H J.3C-3D VSP vectorwavefield separation with constrained inversion[C].SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,2009,28:4080-4084.
[17] 严又生,宜明理,魏新,等.三维三分量VSP数据处理方法及效果[J].石油地球物理勘探,2005,40(1):18-24.YAN Yousheng,YI Mingli,WEI Xin,et al.3D-3C VSP data processing methods and effects[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2005,40(1):18-24.
[18] Wyatt K D and Wyatt S B.The determination of subsurface structural information using the vertical seismic profile[C].The 51st SEG Annual International Meeting,1981.
[19] Li Y P,Zhao H Y,Chen Y Z,et al.Study of time-lapse VSP in CO2 monitoring[C].SEG/SPE Workshop,2017.
[20] Li Y P,Zhu X F,Wan X P,et al.Tight sand gas prediction with walkaway +walkaround VSP[C].EAGE Borehole Geophysics Workshop,2011.
[21] Li Y P,Chen Y Z,Peng J X,et al.Walkaway VSP multi-wave imaging over a gas cloud area[C].Extended Abstracts of 72nd EAGE Conference & Exhibition,2010.
[22] Lou M,Cheng D J and Doherty F.Suppressing VSP migration artifacts and noise by selected-aperture migration and damped-least-square smoothing[C].SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,2009,28:4144-4148.
[23] 王华忠,徐蔚亚,王建民,等.VSP数据波动方程叠前深度偏移及立体地震成像[J].石油地球物理勘探,2001,36(5):517-532.WANG Huazhong,XU Weiya,WANG Jianmin,et al.Prestack depth migration of VSP data and stereosco-pic seismic imaging[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2001,36(5):517-532.
[24] Yu G,Cai Z D,Chen Y Z,et al.Walkaway VSP using multimode optical fibers in a hybrid wireline[J].The Leading Edge,2016,35(7):615-619.
[25] Yu G,Cai Z D,Chen Y Z,et al.Borehole seismic survey using multimode optical fibers in a hybrid wireline[J].Measurement,2018,125(4):694-703.
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