稻壳生物炭/醋酸酯淀粉-尿素复合膜的结构和性能
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摘要
采用流延法制备了醋酸酯淀粉(AS)∶尿素(UR)∶稻壳生物炭(RHBC)质量比分别为8∶1∶1、8∶2∶1、8∶4∶1的RHBC/AS-UR复合膜,利用SEM、FTIR、XRD、TGA等测试手段对RHBC/AS-UR复合膜的微观形态和结构性能进行了研究,采用流化床喷雾包膜装置制备了RHBC/AS-UR包膜UR肥并测试了其释放特性。结果表明:RHBC能够均匀的分散于RHBC/AS-UR复合膜中,与UR-AS交联体间形成了"固体桥"的微观结构,结合紧密,同时,RHBC的添加可以提高复合膜的热稳定性。UR的添加可以提高复合膜的延展性能,当UR质量分数为18.2wt%时,RHBC/AS-18.2wt%UR复合膜的力学性能达到最佳,断裂伸长率提高了约500%。UR释放特性试验结果表明,与未包膜UR相比,不同质量比的RHBC/AS-UR包膜UR均能有效降低UR态氮的释放速率,其中,RHBC/AS-18.2wt%UR包膜UR在连续24h浸泡后的总释放率最小(81%),表现出更好的缓慢释放性能。
The rice husk biochar/acetate starch-urea(RHBC/AS-UR)composite films were prepared by casting method with different AS∶UR∶RHBC mass ratios of 8∶1∶1,8∶2∶1,8∶4∶1,respectively.The micromorphology and structure properties of the RHBC/AS-UR composite films were investigated by SEM,FTIR,XRD and TGA.The RHBC/AS-UR composite-coated UR fertilizers were prepared in a spouted fluidized bed coating equipment and its release characteristics were tested.The results show that the rice husk biochar can be uniformly dispersed in the RHBC/AS-UR composite film and has good bonding with AS-UR in a"solid bridge"structure.In the mean time,the thermal stability of RHBC/AS-UR composite films is enhanced by adding RHBC.The adding of UR can improve the ductility of RHBC/AS-UR composite film.When the mass fraction of UR is 18.2 wt%,the best mechanical properties of the RHBC/AS-18.2 wt%UR composite film can be reached and the elongation at break increases by 500%.Compared to the pure UR granule without and with RHBC/AS-UR coating,the UR coated with different mass ratios of RHBC/AS-UR composite films can effectively reduce the release rate of UR-N.The total release rate of RHBC/AS-18.2 wt%UR coated UR is the lowest(only 81%),which exhibits better slow-release property.
The rice husk biochar/acetate starch-urea(RHBC/AS-UR)composite films were prepared by casting method with different AS∶UR∶RHBC mass ratios of 8∶1∶1,8∶2∶1,8∶4∶1,respectively.The micromorphology and structure properties of the RHBC/AS-UR composite films were investigated by SEM,FTIR,XRD and TGA.The RHBC/AS-UR composite-coated UR fertilizers were prepared in a spouted fluidized bed coating equipment and its release characteristics were tested.The results show that the rice husk biochar can be uniformly dispersed in the RHBC/AS-UR composite film and has good bonding with AS-UR in a"solid bridge"structure.In the mean time,the thermal stability of RHBC/AS-UR composite films is enhanced by adding RHBC.The adding of UR can improve the ductility of RHBC/AS-UR composite film.When the mass fraction of UR is 18.2 wt%,the best mechanical properties of the RHBC/AS-18.2 wt%UR composite film can be reached and the elongation at break increases by 500%.Compared to the pure UR granule without and with RHBC/AS-UR coating,the UR coated with different mass ratios of RHBC/AS-UR composite films can effectively reduce the release rate of UR-N.The total release rate of RHBC/AS-18.2 wt%UR coated UR is the lowest(only 81%),which exhibits better slow-release property.
引文
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[23]王松,贾志欣,周向阳,等.埃洛石纳米管/聚乙烯醇-淀粉纳米复合膜的结构与性能[J].复合材料学报,2017,34(12):2689-2694.WANG S,JIA Z X,ZHOU X Y,et al.Structure and properties of halloysite nanotubes/PVA-starch composite films[J].Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica,2017,34(12):2689-2694(in Chinese).
[2]GONZLEZ M E,CEA M,MEDINA J,et al.Evaluation of biodegradable polymers as encapsulating agents for the development of a urea controlled-release fertilizer using biochar as support material[J].Science of the Total Environment,2015,505:446-453.
[3]AZEEM B,KUSHAARI K,MAN Z B,et al.Review on materials&methods to produce controlled release coated urea fertilizer[J].Journal of Controlled Release,2014,181:11-21.
[4]GMEZ-MARTNEZ D,PARTAL P,MARTNEZ I,et al.Gluten-based bioplastics with modified controlled-release and hydrophilic properties[J].Industrial Crops and Products,2013,43:704-710.
[5]NAZ M Y,SULAIMAN S A.Slow release coating remedy for nitrogen loss from conventional urea:A review[J].Journal of Controlled Release,2016,225:109-120.
[6]JIA X,MA Z Y,ZHANG G X,et al.Polydopamine film coated controlled-release multielement compound fertilizer based on mussel-inspired chemistry[J].Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,2013,61(12):2919-2924.
[7]ZHANG M,GAO B,CHEN J J,et al.Slow-release fertilizer encapsulated by graphene oxide films[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2014,255:107-113.
[8]CHEN J,LV S Y,ZHANG Z,et al.Environmentally friendly fertilizers:A review of materials used and their effects on the environment[J].The Science of the Total Environment,2018,613-614:829-839.
[9]RIYAJAN S,SASITHORNSONTI Y,PHINYOCHEEP P.Green natural rubber-g-modified starch for controlling urea release[J].Carbohydrate Polymers,2012,89(1):251-258.
[10]QIAO D L,LIU H S,YU L,et al.Preparation and characterization of slow-release fertilizer encapsulated by starchbased superabsorbent polymer[J].Carbohydrate Polymers,2016,147:146-154.
[11]何绪生,张树清,佘雕,等.生物炭对土壤肥料的作用及未来研究[J].中国农学通报.2011,27(15):16-25.HE X S,ZHANG S Q,SHE D,et al.Effects of biochar on soil and fertilizer and future research[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2011,27(15):16-25(in Chinese).
[12]WANG J L,CHENG F,ZHU P.Structure and properties of urea-plasticized starch films with different urea contents[J].Carbohydrate Polymers,2014,101:1109-1115.
[13]中国国家标准化管理委员会.塑料拉伸性能的测定第三部分:薄膜和薄片的试验条件:GB/T 1040.3-2006[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2007.Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China.Plastics:Determination of tensile properties Part 3:Test condition for film and sheets:GB/T 1040.3-2006[S].Beijing:China Standards Press,2007(in Chinese).
[14]YANG Y C,TONG Z H,GENG Y Q,et al.Biobased polymer composites derived from corn stover and feather meals as double-coating materials for controlled-release and waterretention urea fertilizers[J].Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,2013,61(34):8166-8174.
[15]中国国家标准化管理委员会.缓释肥料:GB/T 23348-2009[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2009.Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China.Slow release fertilizer:GB/T 23348-2009[S].Beijing:China Standards Press,2009(in Chinese).
[16]高海英,陈心想,张雯,等.生物质炭及炭基硝酸铵肥料理化性质研究[J].干旱地区农业研究.2012,30(2):14-20.GAO H Y,CHEN X X,ZHANG W,et al.A study on physicochemical properties of biochar and biochar-based ammonium nitrate fertilizers[J].Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas,2012,30(2):14-20(in Chinese).
[17]KALIYAN N,MOREY R V.Natural binders and solid bridge type binding mechanisms in briquettes and pellets made from corn stover and switchgrass[J].Bioresource Technology,2010,101(3):1082-1090.
[18]KIZIL R,IRUDAYARAJ J,SEETHARAMAN K.Characterization of irradiated starches by using FT-Raman and FTIRspectroscopy[J].Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,2002,50(14):3912-3918.
[19]WANG X Q,DOU L Y,LI Z L,et al.Flexible hierarchical ZrO2nanoparticle-embedded SiO2nanofibrous membrane as a versatile tool for efficient removal of phosphate[J].ACS Applied Materials&Interfaces,2016,8(50):34668-34676.
[20]XIE J Z,YANG Y C,GAO B,et al.Biomimetic superhydrophobic biobased polyurethane-coated fertilizer with atmosphere“outerwear”[J].ACS Applied Materials&Interfaces,2017,9(18):15868-15879.
[21]MA X.The plastcizers containing amide groups for thermoplastic starch[J].Carbohydrate Polymers,2004,57(2):197-203.
[22]PEREIRA E I,MINUSSI F B,DACRUZ C C T,et al.Urea-montmorillonite-extruded nanocomposites:A novel slow-release material[J].Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,2012,60(21):5267-5272.
[23]王松,贾志欣,周向阳,等.埃洛石纳米管/聚乙烯醇-淀粉纳米复合膜的结构与性能[J].复合材料学报,2017,34(12):2689-2694.WANG S,JIA Z X,ZHOU X Y,et al.Structure and properties of halloysite nanotubes/PVA-starch composite films[J].Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica,2017,34(12):2689-2694(in Chinese).
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