某钢铁厂土壤重金属砷空间分布特征分析
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摘要
采用网格布点法,分析某钢铁厂主厂区土壤样品(0～5 m)每层重金属砷的含量变化及迁移过程,综合运用GIS空间分析与统计方法研究土壤中砷的统计特征、空间分布等。结果表明,厂区各层土壤砷浓度均值低于《场地土壤环境风险评价筛选值:DB11/T811—2011》中居住用地20 mg/kg的筛选值,总体上污染程度不高;从深度上,第一层、第二层属中度污染水平,第三层、第四层、第五层属轻度污染水平,自表土向下,土壤中重金属砷的含量逐渐下降;采用Kriging(克里格)空间插值和地统计分析,中部及南部地区污染较重,深度上由大块状转变成零星状,东部及北部地区基本无污染。使用美国RBCA Version2.5模型进行统计分析,对重金属砷进行致癌风险计算,其风险水平均超过10~(-6),危害商超过1,因此,需要对土壤进行修复治理。不同暴露途径的致癌风险中以经口摄入为主。
The content change and migration process of arsenic in each layer of soil samples(0～5 m) in a steel plant were analyzed by the grid point method.The statistical characteristics and spatial distribution of arsenic in soil were studied by comprehensively using GIS spatial analysis and the statistical method.The results showed that the average value of soil arsenic concentration in each layer of the plant was lower than the screening value of 20 mg/kg of residential land in the "Site Soil Environmental Risk Assessment Screening Value"(DB11/T811-2011),and the overall pollution level was not high.In terms of depth,the first and second layers were moderately polluted,while the third,fourth and fifth layers were mildly polluted.From the topsoil,the content of arsenic in the soil gradually decreased.Using Kriging space interpolation and the geostatistical analysis,the central and southern regions were heavily polluted,the depth changed from large to sporadic,and the eastern and northern regions were basically free of pollution.Using the US RBCA Version 2.5 model for statistical analysis,the risk of carcinogenicity of arsenic was calculated,the risk level was more than 10~(-6),and the damage was more than 1.Therefore,soil remediation was needed.Oral intake was the main cause of cancer risk in different exposure routes.
The content change and migration process of arsenic in each layer of soil samples(0～5 m) in a steel plant were analyzed by the grid point method.The statistical characteristics and spatial distribution of arsenic in soil were studied by comprehensively using GIS spatial analysis and the statistical method.The results showed that the average value of soil arsenic concentration in each layer of the plant was lower than the screening value of 20 mg/kg of residential land in the "Site Soil Environmental Risk Assessment Screening Value"(DB11/T811-2011),and the overall pollution level was not high.In terms of depth,the first and second layers were moderately polluted,while the third,fourth and fifth layers were mildly polluted.From the topsoil,the content of arsenic in the soil gradually decreased.Using Kriging space interpolation and the geostatistical analysis,the central and southern regions were heavily polluted,the depth changed from large to sporadic,and the eastern and northern regions were basically free of pollution.Using the US RBCA Version 2.5 model for statistical analysis,the risk of carcinogenicity of arsenic was calculated,the risk level was more than 10~(-6),and the damage was more than 1.Therefore,soil remediation was needed.Oral intake was the main cause of cancer risk in different exposure routes.
引文
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[18]李月芬,王冬艳,杨洁,等.吉林西部土壤砷的形态分布及其与土壤性质的关系研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2012,31(3):516-522.
[19]国家生态环境部,国家市场监督管理局.土壤环境质量建设用地土壤污染风险管控标准(试行):GB36600—2018[EB/OL].[2018-07-03].http://kjs.mee.gov.cn/hjbhbz/bzwb/trhj/trhjzlbz/201807/t20180703_446027.shtml.
[2]梁立成,余树全,张超,等.浙江省永康市城区土壤重金属空间分布及潜在生态风险评价[J].浙江农林大学学报,2017,34(6):972-982.
[3]曾迪,漆智平,周丹,等.海南儋州农用地土壤速效磷和速效钾的空间变异[J].热带生物学报,2018,9(1):55-60.
[4]雷凌明,喻大松,陈玉鹏,等.陕西泾惠渠灌区土壤重金属空间分布特征及来源[J].农业工程学报,2014,3(6):88-96.
[5]MIRETZKY P,CIRELLI A F.Remediation of arsenic-contaminated soils by iron amendments:a review[J].Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology,2010,40(2):93-115.
[6]何甜辉,蔡建楠,罗杰敏.基于普通克里格的中山市农田土壤砷的空间变异特性[J].四川化学,2018,21(2):49-51.
[7]侯李云,曾希柏,张杨珠.客土改良技术及其在砷污染土壤修复中的应用展望[J].中国生态农业学报,2015,1(23):20-26.
[8]吴和秋,侯钦宣,张英.含铁介质用于修复砷污染土壤研究综述[J].中国土壤与肥料,2018(2):13-21.
[9]宋波,刘畅,陈同斌.广西土壤和沉积物砷含量及污染分布特征[J].自然资源学报,2017,32(4):654-668.
[10]姜晓璐,邹滨,汤景文.广东省东南部菜地水田砷含量空间分布[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(23):263-268.
[11]张慧,付强,林佳.松嫩平原北部土壤砷水平分异特征分析[J].东北林业大学学报,2012,40(7):108-111.
[12]任占军,郝贵奇,尹长田,等.微波消解-氢化物发生原子荧光光谱法测定污泥中汞和砷[J].冶金分析,2014,34(3):52-56.
[13]赵业婷,李志鹏,常庆瑞,等.西安市粮食主产区更曾土壤速效养分空间特征[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2013,19(6):1376-1385.
[14]王玉军,欧名豪.徐州农田土壤养分和重金属含量与分布研究[J].土壤学报,2017,54(6):1438-1450.
[15]庞妍,同延安,梁连友,等.污灌农田土壤-作物体系重金属污染评价[J].农业机械学报,2015,46(1):148-154.
[16]北京市质量技术监督局.场地土壤环境风险评价筛选值:DB11/T 811—2011[S/OL].[2013-03-11].http://www.beijing.gov.cn/zfxxgk/110029/dfhjbhbz23/2013-03/11/285879/files/76d8087264 3e48478.pdf.
[17]黄春雷,郑萍,陈岳龙.等.山西临汾-运城盆地土壤中As含量的变化规律[J].地质通报,2008,27(2):246-251.
[18]李月芬,王冬艳,杨洁,等.吉林西部土壤砷的形态分布及其与土壤性质的关系研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2012,31(3):516-522.
[19]国家生态环境部,国家市场监督管理局.土壤环境质量建设用地土壤污染风险管控标准(试行):GB36600—2018[EB/OL].[2018-07-03].http://kjs.mee.gov.cn/hjbhbz/bzwb/trhj/trhjzlbz/201807/t20180703_446027.shtml.