美国反标准化考试运动的过去、现在和未来

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英文篇名：The Past, Present and Future of Anti-Standardized Test Movement in the U.S. 作者：周险峰 英文作者：ZHOU Xianfeng;Hunan University of Science and Technology; 关键词：标准化考试 ; 问责 ; 考试统治 英文关键词：standardized test;;accountability;;testocracy 中文刊名：WGJN 英文刊名：Global Education 机构：湖南科技大学教育学院; 出版日期：2019-03-10 出版单位：全球教育展望 年：2019 期：v.48;No.380 基金：2014年度全国教育科学规划国家一般项目“教育‘右转’的抵制:批判教育研究的历史及其理论建构”(项目编号:BOA140022)的研究成果 语种：中文; 页：WGJN201903004 页数：12 CN：03 ISSN：31-1842/G4 分类号：41-52

摘要

美国反标准化考试运动是美国标准化考试制度实施过程的伴生物并将与之相始终。百余年的反标准化考试运动大致可以划分为两大阶段:19世纪末到20世纪70年代末为一个阶段,这一阶段主要反标准化考试的种族歧视;20世纪80年代至今为一个阶段,主要反"考试统治",也就是试图消除考试左右教育活动的不良影响,特别是反对单纯以考试成绩作为教育问责的依据。作为美国"基于标准的教育改革"的传动器,未来的标准化考试只会发生技术性改良而不会被取消。美国反标准化考试运动有多方面的诉求,但追求考试的公开、公平、有效及多元是其主要目标。反标准化考试运动对市场化时代的教育改革富有多方面的启发,特别是在如何科学地看待考试及其对社会和教育的公平影响方面能给我们诸多的借鉴。
        The U.S. anti-standardized test movement is a companion product of the U.S. standardized test system and throughout its implementation. The history of the anti-standardized test movement has over a hundred years and can be broadly divided into two major stages: resisting racial discrimination from the early 19 th century to the late 1970 s; and "testocracy" since the 1980 s. Resisting "testocracy" is to eliminate its adverse effects on the educational activities controlled by exams, and in particular to oppose the use of test scores as the basis for educational accountability. As a driver of The U.S. "Standards-based Education Reform", the standardized tests will only undergo technical improvements but not be canceled in the future. The U.S. anti-standardization test movement has many appeals, but the pursuit of the openness, fairness, validity, and diversity of the test is its main goal. The anti-standardization test movement may inspire us a lot for the educational reforms in the era of marketocracy, especially how we scientifically treat examination and reflect on its impacts on society and education.

引文

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    (1)有的翻译成仪表板式法,笔者注。