基因编辑技术发展及其在家畜上的应用
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摘要
近年来出现的几种以人工核酸酶为代表的新型基因编辑技术,包括锌指蛋白核酸酶(zinc-finger nuclease, ZFN)技术、转录激活因子样效应核酸酶(transcription activator-like effector nuclease, TALEN)技术、成簇的规律间隔的短回文重复序列/CRISPR相关蛋白(clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR associated proteins, CRISPR/Cas)系统,在科学研究以及家畜育种等方面已被广泛应用。这些基因编辑技术是通过特异性结构识别靶位点,核酸酶发挥切割作用,对靶位点进行定点编辑,具有高效准确、制作简单等特点。本文阐述了上述3种新型基因编辑技术的基本原理,比较了不同基因编辑技术的差异,总结了在主要家畜猪、牛、羊上的应用,提出目前这三种基因编辑技术存在的主要问题,并对这些技术的应用前景进行了展望。
Several novel gene editing techniques have been applied in scientific research and livestock breeding in recent years, including zinc finger protein nuclease(ZFN), transcriptional activator-like effector nuclease(TALEN), clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR associated proteins(CRISPR/Cas) system. These gene editing techniques site-directly edit genomes by recognizing the target sites according to the specific structure followed by endonuclease dissection, which is characterized by high efficiency, accuracy, and simple production. In this paper, we demonstrated the basic principles, differences and potential main problems of above three gene editing techniques, summarized the application in the main livestock pigs, cattle and sheep, and provided an outlook of the future of these techniques in application.
Several novel gene editing techniques have been applied in scientific research and livestock breeding in recent years, including zinc finger protein nuclease(ZFN), transcriptional activator-like effector nuclease(TALEN), clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR associated proteins(CRISPR/Cas) system. These gene editing techniques site-directly edit genomes by recognizing the target sites according to the specific structure followed by endonuclease dissection, which is characterized by high efficiency, accuracy, and simple production. In this paper, we demonstrated the basic principles, differences and potential main problems of above three gene editing techniques, summarized the application in the main livestock pigs, cattle and sheep, and provided an outlook of the future of these techniques in application.
引文
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