大米提取复合糖对断奶仔猪生长性能、肠道形态与功能的影响
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摘要
本试验旨在研究大米提取复合糖在无诱食剂条件下对断奶仔猪生长性能、肠道形态与功能的影响。试验选取(26±2)日龄健康、体重相近的三元杂断奶仔猪160头,随机分为5个组,每组4个重复,每个重复8头猪,A组饲喂标准饲粮,B组饲喂基础饲粮(标准饲粮中去除甜味剂、香味剂、葡萄糖、蔗糖),C组饲喂标准饲粮+3%大米提取复合糖,D组饲喂基础饲粮+3%大米提取复合糖,E组饲喂基础饲粮+5%大米提取复合糖。结果表明:1)与A组相比,B组的平均日增重(ADG)、平均日采食量(ADFI)差异不显著(P>0.05),C组的ADG、ADFI显著提高(P<0.05);与B组相比,D组的ADG、ADFI和料重比(F/G)差异不显著(P> 0. 05),E组的ADG、ADFI显著提高(P<0.05),F/G显著降低(P<0.05)。2)与A组相比,B组的粗蛋白质(CP)表观消化率显著降低(P<0.05),C组的CP表观消化率有提高的趋势(P=0.069);与B组相比,D组的养分表观消化率无显著差异(P>0.05),E组干物质(DM)、CP和粗脂肪(EE)表观消化率均显著提高(P<0.05)。3)与A组相比,B组的隐窝深度(CD)显著提高(P<0.05),绒毛高度/隐窝深度(V/C)有降低的趋势(P=0.073),C组的绒毛高度(VH)和V/C显著提高(P<0.05);与B组相比,D组的VH和CD均无显著差异(P> 0. 05),V/C有提高的趋势(P=0. 053),E组的V/C显著提高(P<0.05)。4)与A组相比,B组闭合蛋白(occludin)的mRNA表达量显著提高(P<0.05),C组闭合小环蛋白-1(ZO-1)的mRNA表达量显著下降(P<0.05),occludin的mRNA表达量显著提高(P<0.05);与B组相比,D组ZO-1和occludin的mRNA表达量显著提高(P<0.05),E组ZO-1的mRNA表达量有提高的趋势(P=0.075),occludin的mRNA表达量显著下降(P<0.05)。5)与A组相比,B组的血清总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)显著降低(P<0.05),C组的血清T-AOC无显著差异(P> 0. 05);与B组相比,D组和E组的血清T-AOC显著提高(P <0.05)。6) 5个组之间的回肠黏膜分泌型免疫球蛋白A (SIgA)和血清免疫球蛋白G (IgG)含量无显著差异(P>0.05)。综上所述,在无诱食剂条件下,断奶仔猪饲粮中添加大米提取复合糖可以通过提高养分消化吸收、抗氧化能力和肠道屏障等途径实现对仔猪生长性能的改善。
This experiment was conducted to study the effects of rice extracting complex sugar on the growth performance and intestinal morphology and function of weaned pigs without attractant. A total of 160 healthy and similar ternary weaned piglets at( 26±2) days of age were randomly divided into 5 groups with 4 replicates in each group and 8 pigs per replicate. Group A was fed a standard diet,group B was fed a basal diet( without sweeteners,flavors,glucose and sucrose),group C was fed the standard diet + 3% rice extracting complex sugar,group D was fed the basal diet+3% rice extracting complex sugar,group E was fed the basal diet+5%rice extracting complex sugar. The results showed as follows: 1) compared with group A,there was no significant difference in average daily gain( ADG) and average daily feed intake( ADFI) in group B( P > 0. 05),and ADG and ADFI in group C were significantly increased( P < 0.05); compared with group B,the difference of ADG,ADFI and feed/gain( F/G) were not significantly different( P>0.05),the ADG and ADFI in group E were significantly increased( P < 0. 05),and F/G was significantly decreased( P < 0. 05). 2) Compared with group A,the apparent digestibility of crude protein( CP) in group B was significantly lower( P <0.05),and the apparent digestibility of CP in group C was higher( P = 0.069); compared with group B,the apparent digestibility of nutrients in group D was not significantly different( P>0.05),and the apparent digestibility of dry matter( DM),CP and ether extract( EE) in group E were significantly increased( P<0.05). 3)Compared with group A,the crypt depth( CD) in group B was significantly increased( P < 0. 05),villus height/crypt depth( V/C) was decreased( P = 0.073),and the villus height( VH) and V/C in group C were significantly increased( P<0.05); Compared with group B,VH and CD in group D was not significantly different( P>0.05),V/C increased( P = 0. 053),and V/C in group E increased significantly( P < 0. 05). 4)Compared with group A,the mRNA expression of occludin in group B was significantly increased( P<0.05),the mRNA expression of closed loop protein-1( ZO-1) in group C was significantly decreased,and the mRNA expression of occludin was significantly increased( P<0.05); compared with group B,the mRNA expression of ZO-1 and occludin in group D were significantly increased( P < 0. 05),the mRNA expression of ZO-1 in group E was increased( P = 0. 075),and the mRNA expression of occludin was significantly decreased( P <0.05). 5) Compared with group A,serum total antioxidant capacity( T-AOC) was significantly lower than that in group B( P < 0. 05),serum T-AOC in group C was not significantly different( P > 0. 05); compared with group B,serum T-AOC in group D and group E were significantly increased( P<0.05). 6) There was no significant difference in ileal mucosal secretory immunoglobulin A( SIgA) and serum immunoglobulin G( IgG) contents between the five groups( P > 0. 05). In summary,under the condition without attractant adding,the addition of rice extracting complex sugar to the diet of weaned piglets can improve the growth performance of piglets based on the methods of improving nutrient digestion,absorption,antioxidant capacity and intestinal barrier.[Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2019,31(7):3276-3284]
This experiment was conducted to study the effects of rice extracting complex sugar on the growth performance and intestinal morphology and function of weaned pigs without attractant. A total of 160 healthy and similar ternary weaned piglets at( 26±2) days of age were randomly divided into 5 groups with 4 replicates in each group and 8 pigs per replicate. Group A was fed a standard diet,group B was fed a basal diet( without sweeteners,flavors,glucose and sucrose),group C was fed the standard diet + 3% rice extracting complex sugar,group D was fed the basal diet+3% rice extracting complex sugar,group E was fed the basal diet+5%rice extracting complex sugar. The results showed as follows: 1) compared with group A,there was no significant difference in average daily gain( ADG) and average daily feed intake( ADFI) in group B( P > 0. 05),and ADG and ADFI in group C were significantly increased( P < 0.05); compared with group B,the difference of ADG,ADFI and feed/gain( F/G) were not significantly different( P>0.05),the ADG and ADFI in group E were significantly increased( P < 0. 05),and F/G was significantly decreased( P < 0. 05). 2) Compared with group A,the apparent digestibility of crude protein( CP) in group B was significantly lower( P <0.05),and the apparent digestibility of CP in group C was higher( P = 0.069); compared with group B,the apparent digestibility of nutrients in group D was not significantly different( P>0.05),and the apparent digestibility of dry matter( DM),CP and ether extract( EE) in group E were significantly increased( P<0.05). 3)Compared with group A,the crypt depth( CD) in group B was significantly increased( P < 0. 05),villus height/crypt depth( V/C) was decreased( P = 0.073),and the villus height( VH) and V/C in group C were significantly increased( P<0.05); Compared with group B,VH and CD in group D was not significantly different( P>0.05),V/C increased( P = 0. 053),and V/C in group E increased significantly( P < 0. 05). 4)Compared with group A,the mRNA expression of occludin in group B was significantly increased( P<0.05),the mRNA expression of closed loop protein-1( ZO-1) in group C was significantly decreased,and the mRNA expression of occludin was significantly increased( P<0.05); compared with group B,the mRNA expression of ZO-1 and occludin in group D were significantly increased( P < 0. 05),the mRNA expression of ZO-1 in group E was increased( P = 0. 075),and the mRNA expression of occludin was significantly decreased( P <0.05). 5) Compared with group A,serum total antioxidant capacity( T-AOC) was significantly lower than that in group B( P < 0. 05),serum T-AOC in group C was not significantly different( P > 0. 05); compared with group B,serum T-AOC in group D and group E were significantly increased( P<0.05). 6) There was no significant difference in ileal mucosal secretory immunoglobulin A( SIgA) and serum immunoglobulin G( IgG) contents between the five groups( P > 0. 05). In summary,under the condition without attractant adding,the addition of rice extracting complex sugar to the diet of weaned piglets can improve the growth performance of piglets based on the methods of improving nutrient digestion,absorption,antioxidant capacity and intestinal barrier.[Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2019,31(7):3276-3284]
引文
[1]周贞兵,夏中生.功能性低聚糖在饲料添加剂中的应用[J].湖南环境生物职业技术学院学报,2001,7(2):6-10.
[2]侯振平,张平,张军,等.半乳甘露寡糖对断奶仔猪肠道微生物多样性的影响[J].中国科学院研究生院学报,2008,25(3):413-418.
[3]李桂伶.半乳甘露寡糖对犬营养消化率和肠道主要菌群的影响[J].饲料广角,2011(16):30-32.
[4]李孟伟,陈清华.低聚异麦芽糖的生产工艺及其在仔猪生产中的应用研究[J].湖南饲料,2014(6):25-28.
[5]赵静杰,李小成,王景儒.低聚糖对断奶仔猪生产性能的影响[J].粮食与饲料工业,2008(1):34-35.
[6]罗丽萍,蒋振南,覃秀华,等.低聚异麦芽糖对保育猪生长性能及经济效益的影响[J].养猪,2013(3):7-8.
[7]刘雪兰,谢幼梅,韩绍忠,等.异麦芽低聚糖对断奶仔猪肠道菌群及腹泻的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2003,39(5):24-26.
[8]张振红,张会彩,黄仁录,等.大豆低聚糖对肉鸡消化代谢率的影响[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2013(20):111-112.
[9] LIU J B,CAO S C,LIU J,et al. Effect of probiotics and xylo-oligosaccharide supplementation on nutrient digestibility,intestinal health and noxious gas emission in weanling pigs[J]. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences,2018,31(10):1660-1669.
[10]方锐,凌宝明,夏旻灏,等.过氧化氢酶对断奶仔猪生长性能、肠道形态及抗氧化性能的影响[C]//中国畜牧兽医学会动物营养学分会第十二次动物营养学术研讨会论文集.武汉:中国畜牧兽医学会动物营养学分会,2016.
[11] PHILLIPS S M,STEPHENSON J R,AARONSON S A.Genetic factors infuencing mouse type-C RNA virus induction by naturally occurring B cell mitogens[J].Journal of Immunology,1977,118(2):662-666.
[12] MCCRACKEN B A,SPURLOCK ME,ROOS MA,et al.Weaning anorexia may contribute to local inflammation in the piglet small intestine[J]. The Journal of Nutrition,1999,129(3):613-619.
[13] SPREEUWENBERG MA M,VERDONK J MA J,GASKINS H R,et al. Small intestine epithelial barrier function is compromised in pigs with lowfeed intake at weaning[J]. The Journal of Nutrition,2001,131(5):1520-1527.
[14]时祺.果寡糖对断奶前仔猪胃肠道发育、消化酶活性、乳酸杆菌菌群结构及数量的影响[D].硕士学位论文.南京:南京农业大学,2010.
[15] SAKATA T. Stimulatory effect of short-chain fatty acids on epithelial cell proliferation in the rat intestine:a possible explanation for trophic effects of fermentable fibre,gut microbes and luminal trophic factors[J]. British Journal of Nutrition,1987,58(1):95-103.
[16]韩蕊,赵元,潘丽,等.大豆球蛋白对仔猪小肠上皮细胞occludin mRNA表达的影响[J].畜牧兽医学报,2013,44(8):1258-1262.
[17]王玉,王丽,郑春田.壳聚糖在断奶仔猪生产上的应用及研究进展[J].中国畜牧杂志,2016,52(11):78-81.
[18] YIN J,REN W K,WU X S,et al.Oxidative stress-mediated signaling pathways:a review[J]. Journal of Food Agriculture and Environment,2013,11(2):132-139.
[19]冯静.低聚果糖和低聚木糖对荣昌断奶仔猪生产性能和血液理化指标的影响[D].硕士学位论文.重庆:重庆大学,2010.
[20]王一寓.白术多糖对过氧化氢致IEC-6细胞损伤的保护作用研究[J].内蒙古中医药,2018,37(9):98-99.
[21]刘晴雪,董晓芳,佟建明,等.水溶性苜蓿多糖对肉仔鸡T、B淋巴细胞体外增殖的影响[J].畜牧兽医学报,2010,41(9):1185-1190.
[22] KIMH S,KIMY J,LEE H K,et al. Activation of macrophages by polysaccharide isolated from Paecilomyces cicadae through toll-like receptor 4[J]. Food and Chemical Toxicology,2012,50(9):3190-3197.
[23]李敬双,刘英姿,唐雨顺,等.苜蓿多糖对小鼠淋巴细胞增殖和NK细胞活性影响的研究[J].中国农学通报,2012,28(32):89-93.
[24]徐贤柱,饶华,蔡险峰,等.杜仲叶多糖提取及对小鼠免疫功能影响研究[J].时珍国医国药,2013,24(3):541-542.
[25]武书庚,高春起,张海军,等.低聚异麦芽糖对产蛋鸡生产性能、盲肠微生物和免疫机能的影响[J].动物营养学报,2011,23(9):1560-1568.
[26]贺琴.酵母壁多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能、肠道微生物和机体免疫的影响[D].硕士学位论文.南昌:江西农业大学,2017.
[2]侯振平,张平,张军,等.半乳甘露寡糖对断奶仔猪肠道微生物多样性的影响[J].中国科学院研究生院学报,2008,25(3):413-418.
[3]李桂伶.半乳甘露寡糖对犬营养消化率和肠道主要菌群的影响[J].饲料广角,2011(16):30-32.
[4]李孟伟,陈清华.低聚异麦芽糖的生产工艺及其在仔猪生产中的应用研究[J].湖南饲料,2014(6):25-28.
[5]赵静杰,李小成,王景儒.低聚糖对断奶仔猪生产性能的影响[J].粮食与饲料工业,2008(1):34-35.
[6]罗丽萍,蒋振南,覃秀华,等.低聚异麦芽糖对保育猪生长性能及经济效益的影响[J].养猪,2013(3):7-8.
[7]刘雪兰,谢幼梅,韩绍忠,等.异麦芽低聚糖对断奶仔猪肠道菌群及腹泻的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2003,39(5):24-26.
[8]张振红,张会彩,黄仁录,等.大豆低聚糖对肉鸡消化代谢率的影响[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2013(20):111-112.
[9] LIU J B,CAO S C,LIU J,et al. Effect of probiotics and xylo-oligosaccharide supplementation on nutrient digestibility,intestinal health and noxious gas emission in weanling pigs[J]. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences,2018,31(10):1660-1669.
[10]方锐,凌宝明,夏旻灏,等.过氧化氢酶对断奶仔猪生长性能、肠道形态及抗氧化性能的影响[C]//中国畜牧兽医学会动物营养学分会第十二次动物营养学术研讨会论文集.武汉:中国畜牧兽医学会动物营养学分会,2016.
[11] PHILLIPS S M,STEPHENSON J R,AARONSON S A.Genetic factors infuencing mouse type-C RNA virus induction by naturally occurring B cell mitogens[J].Journal of Immunology,1977,118(2):662-666.
[12] MCCRACKEN B A,SPURLOCK ME,ROOS MA,et al.Weaning anorexia may contribute to local inflammation in the piglet small intestine[J]. The Journal of Nutrition,1999,129(3):613-619.
[13] SPREEUWENBERG MA M,VERDONK J MA J,GASKINS H R,et al. Small intestine epithelial barrier function is compromised in pigs with lowfeed intake at weaning[J]. The Journal of Nutrition,2001,131(5):1520-1527.
[14]时祺.果寡糖对断奶前仔猪胃肠道发育、消化酶活性、乳酸杆菌菌群结构及数量的影响[D].硕士学位论文.南京:南京农业大学,2010.
[15] SAKATA T. Stimulatory effect of short-chain fatty acids on epithelial cell proliferation in the rat intestine:a possible explanation for trophic effects of fermentable fibre,gut microbes and luminal trophic factors[J]. British Journal of Nutrition,1987,58(1):95-103.
[16]韩蕊,赵元,潘丽,等.大豆球蛋白对仔猪小肠上皮细胞occludin mRNA表达的影响[J].畜牧兽医学报,2013,44(8):1258-1262.
[17]王玉,王丽,郑春田.壳聚糖在断奶仔猪生产上的应用及研究进展[J].中国畜牧杂志,2016,52(11):78-81.
[18] YIN J,REN W K,WU X S,et al.Oxidative stress-mediated signaling pathways:a review[J]. Journal of Food Agriculture and Environment,2013,11(2):132-139.
[19]冯静.低聚果糖和低聚木糖对荣昌断奶仔猪生产性能和血液理化指标的影响[D].硕士学位论文.重庆:重庆大学,2010.
[20]王一寓.白术多糖对过氧化氢致IEC-6细胞损伤的保护作用研究[J].内蒙古中医药,2018,37(9):98-99.
[21]刘晴雪,董晓芳,佟建明,等.水溶性苜蓿多糖对肉仔鸡T、B淋巴细胞体外增殖的影响[J].畜牧兽医学报,2010,41(9):1185-1190.
[22] KIMH S,KIMY J,LEE H K,et al. Activation of macrophages by polysaccharide isolated from Paecilomyces cicadae through toll-like receptor 4[J]. Food and Chemical Toxicology,2012,50(9):3190-3197.
[23]李敬双,刘英姿,唐雨顺,等.苜蓿多糖对小鼠淋巴细胞增殖和NK细胞活性影响的研究[J].中国农学通报,2012,28(32):89-93.
[24]徐贤柱,饶华,蔡险峰,等.杜仲叶多糖提取及对小鼠免疫功能影响研究[J].时珍国医国药,2013,24(3):541-542.
[25]武书庚,高春起,张海军,等.低聚异麦芽糖对产蛋鸡生产性能、盲肠微生物和免疫机能的影响[J].动物营养学报,2011,23(9):1560-1568.
[26]贺琴.酵母壁多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能、肠道微生物和机体免疫的影响[D].硕士学位论文.南昌:江西农业大学,2017.
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