淤泥沉积物中有机碳的环境意义
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摘要
该文讨论了广泛存在的沉积物"淤泥"中有机碳形态特征、环境指示功能和几种主要的环境效应。有机碳形态主要分为游离态和有机矿质结合态,根据不同的方法可细分为轻组、重组有机碳和颗粒有机碳等。天然沉积的淤泥中,总有机碳(TOC)、碳氮比(C/N)和有机碳同位素(δ13Corg)组成能够反映古气候、原始生产力水平与区域生物量变化等环境信息。不同地表水体和海洋淤泥沉积物中的有机碳因水动力条件和O2浓度的变化导致的分解矿化会引发水体富营养化和重金属等污染物释放等环境问题。最后,从淤泥沉积埋藏的角度提出在淤泥演化为黏土弱透水层的过程中有机碳参与的复杂水岩相互作用和沉积物颗粒团聚作用对地下水环境可能产生的影响,提供新的研究思路。
This paper discusses some subjects involving organic carbon morphology,environmental indication function and several main environmental effects in connexion with silt sediments which are widely existed in water bodies.Organic carbon forms can be broadly divided into free state and organic mineral bound state,and furthermore subdivided into light fraction,recombined organic carbon and particulate organic carbon according to different classification methods.Parameters such as TOC,C/N and δ13Corg(composition of organic carbon isotopes) of the silt of natural deposits could reveal the environmental information of paleoclimate,the level of primitive productivity and the change of regional biomass.On the other hand,the decomposition and mineralization of organic carbon in silt sediments of various surface waters and marine due to the changes of hydrodynamic regimes and O2 concentration would lead to environmental problems such as eutrophication of water bodies and release of heavy metal and other pollutants.Finally,from the point of view of silt buried in sediment,the authors present the assumption as a new research idea:the complex interaction involved in organic carbon and the sediment particles agglomeration action could affect groundwater environment in the process of silt evolution into weak permeable clay layer.
This paper discusses some subjects involving organic carbon morphology,environmental indication function and several main environmental effects in connexion with silt sediments which are widely existed in water bodies.Organic carbon forms can be broadly divided into free state and organic mineral bound state,and furthermore subdivided into light fraction,recombined organic carbon and particulate organic carbon according to different classification methods.Parameters such as TOC,C/N and δ13Corg(composition of organic carbon isotopes) of the silt of natural deposits could reveal the environmental information of paleoclimate,the level of primitive productivity and the change of regional biomass.On the other hand,the decomposition and mineralization of organic carbon in silt sediments of various surface waters and marine due to the changes of hydrodynamic regimes and O2 concentration would lead to environmental problems such as eutrophication of water bodies and release of heavy metal and other pollutants.Finally,from the point of view of silt buried in sediment,the authors present the assumption as a new research idea:the complex interaction involved in organic carbon and the sediment particles agglomeration action could affect groundwater environment in the process of silt evolution into weak permeable clay layer.
引文
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[2]张春雷.基于水分转化模型的淤泥固化机理研究[D].南京:河海大学,2007.Zhang Chunlei.Study on Solidification Mechanism of Sludge Based on Water Transformation Model[D].Nanjing:Hohai University,2007.
[3]Aplin A C,Macquaker J H S.Mudstone diversity:origin and implications for source,seal,and reservoir properties in petroleum systems[J].AAPG Bulletin,2011,95(12):2031-2059.
[4]邰继承.不同土地利用和起源农田土壤有机碳及其组分含量变化[D].南京:南京农业大学,2012.Tai Jicheng.Changes of Soil Organic Carbon and Its Components in Farmland with Different Land Use and Origin[D].Nanjing:Nanjing Agricultural University,2012.
[5]李恋卿,潘根兴,龚伟.太湖地区几种水稻土的有机碳储存及其分布特性[J].科技通报,2000(6):421-426.Li Lianqing,Pan Genxing,Gong Wei.Storage and distribution characteristics of organic carbon in several paddy soils in Taihu[J].Bulletin of Science and Technology,2000(6):421-426.
[6]Hendry M J,Wassenaar L I.Transport and geochemical controls on the distribution of solutes and stable isotopes in a thick clay-rich till aquitard,Canada[J].Isotopes in Environmental and Health Studies,2004,40(1):3-19.
[7]黄英豪,董婵.淤泥处理技术原理及分类综述[J].人民黄河,2014(7):91-94.Huang Yinghao,Dong Chan.The principle and classification of silt treatment technology[J].Yellow River,2014(7):91-94.
[8]冯志超,朱伟,张春雷.黏粒含量对固化淤泥力学性质的影响[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007(S1):3052-3057.Feng Zhichao,Zhu Wei,Zhang Chunlei.Effect of clay content on mechanical properties of solidified silt[J].Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007(S1):3052-3057.
[9]Gregorich E G,Carter M R,Angers D A,et al.Towards a minimum data set to assess soil organic-matter quality in agricultural soils[J].Canadian Journal of Soil Science,1994,74(4):367-385.
[10]Wu Y,Luecke A,Jin Z,et al.Holocene climate development on the central Tibetan Plateau:a sedimentary record from Cuoe Lake[J].Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology,2006,234(2/3/4):328-340.
[11]Lucke A,Brauer A.Blogeochemical and micro-facial fingerprints of ecosystem response to rapid Late Glacial climatlic changes in varved sediments of Meerfelder Maar(Germany)[J].Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology,2004,211(1/2):139-155.
[12]武天云,Jeff J Schoenau,李凤民.土壤有机质概念和分组技术研究进展[J].应用生态学报,2004(4):717-722.Wu Tianyun,Jeff J Schoenau,Li Fengmin.Research progress on soil organic matter concept and grouping technology[J].Journal of Applied Ecology,2004(4):717-722.
[13]Gregorich E G,Carter M R,Angers D A,et al.Toward a minimum date set to assess soil organic matter quality in agricultural soils[J].Can Soil Sci,1994,74:367-385.
[14]Meyers P A.Organic geochemical proxies of paleoceanographic,paleolimnologic,and paleoclimatic processes[J].Organic Geochemistry,1997,27(5/6):213-250.
[15]马龙,吴敬禄.安固里淖湖积物中总有机碳含量及其碳同位素的环境意义[J].自然资源学报,2009(6):1099-1104.Ma Long,Wu Jinglu.Environmental significance of total organic carbon content and carbon isotopes in lake sediments of the Angulinao Lake[J].Journal of Natural Resources,2009(6):1099-1104.
[16]吴汉.异龙湖近百年来湖泊沉积物有机碳、氮同位素特征及其环境指示意义[D].昆明:云南师范大学,2016.Wu Han.Characteristics of Organic Carbon and Nitrogen Isotopes in Lake Sediments and Their Environmental Implications in Recent 100 Years in Yilong Lake[D].Kunming:Yunnan Normal University,2016.
[17]Tenzer G E,Meyers P A,Robbins J A,et al.Sedimentary organic matter record of recent environmental changes in the St.Marys River ecosystem,Michigan-Ontario border[J].Organic Geochemistry,1999,30(2/3):133-146.
[18]Zhang C,Fan R,Li J,et al.Carbon and oxygen isotopic compositions:how lacustrine environmental factors respond in northwestern and northeastern China[J].ACTA Geologica Sinica-English Edition,2013,87(5):1344-1354.
[19]Broecker W S.Glacial to interglacial changes in ocean chemistry[J].Progress in Oceanography,1982,11(2):151-197.
[20]Andreev A A,Tarasov P E,Ilyashuk B P,et al.Holocene environmental history recorded in Lake Lyadhej-To sediments,Polar Urals,Russia[J].Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology,2005,223(3/4):181-203.
[21]王晓凌,李凤民.苜蓿草地与苜蓿-作物轮作系统土壤微生物量与土壤轻组碳氮研究[J].水土保持学报,2006(4):132-135.Wang Xiaoling,Li Fengmin.Study on soil microbial biomass and light carbon and nitrogen in alfalfa grassland and alfalfa crop rotation system[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2006(4):132-135.
[22]韩洪晶,王宝辉,王西蕊.石油污染物在湖底淤泥中迁移和分布规律的研究[J].齐齐哈尔大学学报,2009(1):88-90.Han Hongjing,Wang Baohui,Wang Xirui.Study on migration and distribution of petroleum pollutants in lake bottom silt[J].Journal of Qiqihar University,2009(1):88-90.
[23]黄健敏.填海区淤泥重金属释放迁移规律及其环境效应研究[D].成都:成都理工大学,2007.Huang Jianmin.Study on Release and Migration of Heavy Metals in Reclamation Area and Their Environmental Effects[D].Chengdu:Chengdu University of Technology,2007.
[24]朱广伟.运河(杭州段)沉积物污染特征、释放规律及其环境效应的研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2001.Zhu Guangwei.Study on Pollution Characteristics,Release Pattern and Environmental Effects of Sediments in Canal(Hangzhou Section)[D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University,2001.
[25]王波.大明湖水质的季节变化模式及底泥磷吸附释放特性研究[D].济南:山东大学,2007.Wang Bo.Seasonal Variation Patterns of Water Quality and Phosphorus Adsorption and Release Characteristics of Sediments in Daming Lake[D].Jinan:Shandong University,2007.
[26]王铭阳,赵兰坡,赵兴敏.东北黑土区水库底泥有机无机复合体组成特性研究:以长春市新立城水库为例[J].中国农学通报,2012(21):108-113.Wang Mingyang,Zhao Lanpo,Zhao Xingmin.Study on the composition characteristics of organic and inorganic complexes of sediments in the black soil area of Northeast China:taking Xinlicheng Reservoir in Changchun as an example[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2012(21):108-113.
[27]王丽莎,石晓勇,张传松.东海赤潮高发区沉积物中有机碳、有机氮的分布及其来源[J].海洋环境科学,2010(2):165-169.Wang Lisha,Shi Xiaoyong,Zhang Chuansong.Distribution and sources of organic carbon and organic nitrogen in the sediments of red tides in the East China Sea[J].Marine Environmental Science,2010(2):165-169.
[28]吕昌伟.内蒙古高原湖泊碳(氮、磷、硅)的地球化学特征[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古大学,2008.Lyu Changwei.Geochemical Characteristics of Carbon(Nitrogen,Phosphorus and Silicon)in Lakes of Inner Mongolia Plateau[D].Hohhot:Inner Mongolia University,2008.
[29]乌云.乌梁素海上覆水体与表层沉积物污染特征及其污染物迁移转换规律研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2011.Wu Yun.Pollution Characteristics of Sea Water and Surface Sediments and Their Pollutant Transfer and Transformation in the Ulansuhai Lake[D].Hohhot:Inner Mongolia University,2011.
[30]彭俊杰,李传红,黄细花.城市湖泊富营养化成因和特征[J].生态科学,2004(4):370-373.Peng Junjie,Li Chuanhong,Huang Xihua.Causes and characteristics of eutrophication in urban lakes[J].Ecological Science,2004(4):370-373.
[31]黄爽.东海赤潮高发区颗粒有机物的来源、分布、分解及其环境效应[D].北京:中国海洋大学,2012.Huang Shuang.Source,Distribution,Decomposition and Environmental Effects of Particulate Organic Matter in the High Tide Area of East China Sea[D].Beijing:Ocean University of China,2012.
[32]王娟娟,缴建华,马丹.围填海吹填淤泥及悬浮物对天津海域海洋生物资源的急性毒性效应[J].渔业科学进展,2016(2):16-24.Wang Juanjuan,Jiao Jianhua,Ma Dan.Acute toxic effects of reclamation dredged silt and suspended solids on marine living resources in Tianjin sea area[J].Progress in Fishery Science,2016(2):16-24.
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