盐沼泽环境下公路桥梁桩基材料耐腐蚀试验
|
摘要
为解决盐沼泽环境下桥梁桩基础混凝土材料的耐久性,通过分别埋置在现场地表、水中、地下0.25m深和地下1.25m深的13个不同配合比的混凝土试件,历时360d的自然条件盐碱腐蚀环境下公路桥梁桩基混凝土材料腐蚀试验,系统地研究了掺和料(粉煤灰、矿粉、硅灰、膨胀剂、水泥基自愈合防水材料)种类及阻锈剂、抗硫酸盐水泥、钢护筒等对公路桥梁桩基混凝土抗侵蚀性能的影响,分别测试了混凝土立方体抗压强度和质量;采用扫描电镜、能谱仪和X衍射仪对混凝土进行微观分析,进而揭示其内部腐蚀机理;并提出混凝土抗侵蚀系数随龄期变化的回归公式。研究结果表明:埋置条件对混凝土抗侵蚀性能有一定影响,4种埋置条件中,放置在地表上的混凝土受侵蚀最严重,埋置在土中1.25m深处的混凝土腐蚀最轻,但不同混凝土试件略有差别;矿物掺和料的合理搭配能有效提高混凝土的抗侵蚀性能,其中矿渣应与膨胀剂掺和(CMP3),粉煤灰应与硅灰掺和(CMP7),水泥基自愈合防水材料应与硅灰掺和(CMP9);几种情况下360d内混凝土抗侵蚀系数均在0.85以上,具有较好的抗侵蚀性能;钢筋阻锈剂对混凝土的抗侵蚀性能有负面影响;所得回归公式可为混凝土耐久性的预测提供参考;腐蚀产物中发现了钙矾石、方解石、Friedel盐和硅灰石膏,这些腐蚀产物共同作用加速了混凝土的腐蚀;粉煤灰中活性成分Al_2O_3较高时,会加速钙矾石的生成,对混凝土不利。
To solve the durability of concrete materials for bridge pile foundation in salt marshes environment,13 concrete specimens with different mix proportion designs were adopted,which were embedded in sites with four conditions(field surface,underground water,0.25 mdeep from ground and 1.25 m deep from ground)for 360 dunder natural conditions of saline corrosionenvironment of highway bridge pile foundation,and the influences of various factors,including the admixture type(fly ash,slag,silica fume,expansion agent,cementitious calillary crystalline waterproofing material)rust-inhibitor,sulfate-resistant cement and steel liners on the mechanical properties of concrete erosion-resistance of highway bridge pile foundation were studied.The cube compressive strength and concrete quality were test respectively,and the corrosion mechanism of concrete was revealed by conducting microscopic analysis through scanning electron microscope(SEM),energy dispersive spectrometer(EDS)and X-ray diffraction(XRD).In addition,a regression formula of erosion resistance coefficient of concrete with age was put forward.The results show that embedment condition influences the performance of the erosionresistance of concrete in some degree.For four embedment conditions,specimens of concrete placed on the surface are most seriously corroded.Otherwise,specimens of concrete buried 1.25 m deep in the soil have the least corrosion,but there is a slight difference between different concrete specimens.The mineral admixtures choosing the right mixing(slag with expansive agent(CMP3),fly ash with silica fume(CMP7),cementitious calillary crystalline waterproofing material with silica fume(CMP9))can effectively improve the erosion-resistance of concrete,and erosion-resistance coefficients of concrete are all above 0.85 under several conditions,which has a good erosion-resistance performance.Reinforcing bar rust-inhibitors have negative effects on the erosion-resistance of concrete.The regression formula of erosion resistance coefficient of concrete with age provides a reference for the prediction of concrete durability.The corrosion products of ettringite,calcite,Friedel salt and thaumasite are found,and the combination of these products will accelerate the corrosion of concrete.Moreover,when the active ingredient Al_2O_3 in fly ash is high,it will accelerate the formation of ettringite,which is adversely to concrete.
To solve the durability of concrete materials for bridge pile foundation in salt marshes environment,13 concrete specimens with different mix proportion designs were adopted,which were embedded in sites with four conditions(field surface,underground water,0.25 mdeep from ground and 1.25 m deep from ground)for 360 dunder natural conditions of saline corrosionenvironment of highway bridge pile foundation,and the influences of various factors,including the admixture type(fly ash,slag,silica fume,expansion agent,cementitious calillary crystalline waterproofing material)rust-inhibitor,sulfate-resistant cement and steel liners on the mechanical properties of concrete erosion-resistance of highway bridge pile foundation were studied.The cube compressive strength and concrete quality were test respectively,and the corrosion mechanism of concrete was revealed by conducting microscopic analysis through scanning electron microscope(SEM),energy dispersive spectrometer(EDS)and X-ray diffraction(XRD).In addition,a regression formula of erosion resistance coefficient of concrete with age was put forward.The results show that embedment condition influences the performance of the erosionresistance of concrete in some degree.For four embedment conditions,specimens of concrete placed on the surface are most seriously corroded.Otherwise,specimens of concrete buried 1.25 m deep in the soil have the least corrosion,but there is a slight difference between different concrete specimens.The mineral admixtures choosing the right mixing(slag with expansive agent(CMP3),fly ash with silica fume(CMP7),cementitious calillary crystalline waterproofing material with silica fume(CMP9))can effectively improve the erosion-resistance of concrete,and erosion-resistance coefficients of concrete are all above 0.85 under several conditions,which has a good erosion-resistance performance.Reinforcing bar rust-inhibitors have negative effects on the erosion-resistance of concrete.The regression formula of erosion resistance coefficient of concrete with age provides a reference for the prediction of concrete durability.The corrosion products of ettringite,calcite,Friedel salt and thaumasite are found,and the combination of these products will accelerate the corrosion of concrete.Moreover,when the active ingredient Al_2O_3 in fly ash is high,it will accelerate the formation of ettringite,which is adversely to concrete.
引文
[1]ROVENTI G,BELLZZE T,GIULIANI G,et al.Corrosion resistance of galvanized steel reinforcements in carbonated concrete:Effect of wet-dry cycles in tap water and in chloride solution the passivating layer[J].Cement and Concrete Research,2014,65:76-84.
[2]赵珺,牛荻涛.钢筋混凝土桥梁锈胀开裂时间模型敏感性[J].长安大学学报:自然科版,2014,34(6):107-116.ZHAO Jun,NIU Di-tao.Corrosion cracking time models sensitivity of reinforced concrete bridge[J].Journal of Chang'an University:Natural Science Edition,2014,34(6):107-116.
[3]张峰,李术才.考虑海水冻融和侵蚀耦合作用的混凝土Ottosen强度准则[J].中国公路学报,2010,23(5):64-69.ZHANG Feng,LI Shu-cai.Ottosen strength criterion of concrete by sea water freeze-thaw and erosion coupling action[J].China Journal of Highway and Transport,2010,23(5):64-69.
[4]刘芳,尤占平,汪海年,等.不同环境中矿物掺和料混凝土抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能的研究进展[J].中国材料进展,2014,33(11):682-688.LIU Fang,YOU Zhan-ping,WANG Hai-nian,et al.Research progress on sulfate resistance of concrete with mineral admixture in different environments[J].Materials China,2014,33(11):682-688.
[5]AL-AKHRAS M N.Durability of metakaolin concrete to sulfate attack[J].Cement and Concrete Research,2006,36(9):1727-1734.
[6]MARCHAND J,PIGEON M,BAGER D,et al.Influence of chloride solution concentration on deicer salt scaling deterioration of concrete[J].ACI Materials Journal,1999,96(4):429-435.
[7]王海龙,董宜森,孙晓燕,等.干湿交替环境下混凝土受硫酸盐侵蚀劣化机理[J].浙江大学学报:工学版,2012,46(7):1255-1261.WANG Hai-long,DONG Yi-sen,SUN Xiao-yan,et al.Damage mechanism of concrete deteriorated by sulfate attack in wet-dry cycle environment[J].Journal of Zhejiang University:Engineering Science,2012,46(7):1255-1261.
[8]张峰,祝金鹏,李术才,等.海水侵蚀环境下混凝土力学性能退化模型[J].岩土力学,2010,31(5):1469-1474.ZHANG Feng,ZHU Jin-peng,LI Shu-cai,et al.Mechanical property deterioration model for concrete in environment with salt solution[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2010,31(5):1469-1474.
[9]余振新,高建明,宋鲁光,等.荷载-干湿交替-硫酸盐耦合作用下混凝土损伤过程[J].东南大学学报:自然科学版,2012,42(3):487-491.YU Zhen-xin,GAO Jian-ming,SONG Lu-guang,et al.Damage process of concrete exposed to sulfate attack under drying-wetting cycles and loading[J].Journal of Southeast University:Natural Science Edition,2012,42(3):487-491.
[10]吴泽媚,陈东丰,高培伟,等.氯盐和冻融双重作用对混凝土抗盐冻性的影响[J].硅酸盐通报,2011,30(6):1244-1248.WU Ze-mei,CHEN Dong-feng,GAO Pei-wei,et al.Effects of chloride salt and freezing-thawing on deicer-scaling resistance of concrete[J].Bulletin of the Chinese Ceramic Society,2011,30(6):1244-1248.
[11]慕儒.冻融循环与外部弯曲应力、盐溶液复合作用下混凝土的耐久性与寿命预测[D].南京:东南大学,2000.MU Ru.Durability and service life prediction of concrete subjected to the combined action of freezing-thawing,sustained external flexural stress and salt solution[D].Nanjing:Southeast University,2000.
[12]曾强,李克非.冻融情况下降温速率对水泥基材料变形和损伤的影响[J].清华大学学报:自然科学版,2008,48(9):1390-1394.ZENG Qiang,LI ke-fei.Influence of freezing rate on the cryo-deformation and cryo-damage of cementbased materials during freeze-thaw cycles[J].Journal of Tsinghua University:Science and Technology,2008,48(9):1390-1394.
[13]庞超明,徐剑,王进,等.混凝土干湿过程及循环制度的研究[J].建筑材料学报,2013,16(2):315-320.PANG Chao-ming,XU Jian,WANG Jin,et al.Investigation of the process and regime of drying and wetting of concrete[J].Journal of Building Materials,2013,16(2):315-320.
[14]高润东,赵顺波,李庆斌,等.干湿循环作用下混凝土硫酸盐侵蚀劣化机理试验研究[J].土木工程学报,2010,43(2):48-54.GAO Run-dong,ZHAO Shun-bo,LI Qing-bin,et al.Experimental study of the deterioration mechanism of concrete under sulfate attack in wet-dry cycles[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2010,43(2):48-54.
[15]陈拴发,郑木莲,王秉纲.粉煤灰混凝土应力腐蚀特性试验研究[J].中国公路学报,2005,18(3):14-17.CHEN Shuan-fa,ZHENG Mu-lian,WANG Binggang.Experimental research on stress corrosion character of fly-ash-cement concrete[J].China Journal of Highway and Transport,2005,18(3):14-17.
[16]LANGAN B W,WENIG K,WARD M A.Effect of silica fume and fly ash on heat of hydration of Portland cement[J].Cement and Concrete Research,2002,32(7):1045-1051.
[17]BENTUR A,GOLDMAN A.Curing effects,strength and physical properties of high strength silica fume concretes[J].Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering,1989,1(1):46-58.
[18]杨文武,钱觉时,范英儒.磨细高炉矿渣对海工混凝土抗冻性和氯离子扩散性能的影响[J].硅酸盐学报,2009,37(1):29-34.YANG Wen-wu,QIAN Jue-shi,FAN Ying-ru.Effect of ground granulated blastfurnace slag of both frostresistance and chloride ions diffusion properties of marine concrete[J].Journal of the Chinese Ceramic Society,2009,37(1):29-34.
[19]NAGATAKI S,GOMI H.Expansive admixture(mainly ettringite)[J].Cement and Concrete Composites,1998,20(2/3):163-170.
[20]游有鲲,缪昌文,刘加平,等.水泥基渗透结晶型防水材料的性能研究[J].化学建材,2005,21(6):28-32.YOU You-kun,MIAO Chang-wen,LIU Jia-ping,et al.Study of properties of cement permeated crystalline waterproof material[J].Chemical Materials for Construction,2005,21(6):28-32.
[21]周俊龙,欧忠文,江世永,等.掺阻锈剂掺和料海水海砂混凝土护筋性探讨[J].建筑材料学报,2012,15(1):69-74.ZHOU Jun-long,OU Zhong-wen,JIANG Shi-yong,et al.Discussion of rebar-protecting properties of seawater-seasand concrete mixed with admixture and corrosion inhibitor[J].Journal of Building Materials,2012,15(1):69-74.
[22]高蕾,陈拴发.配合比设计参数对高性能混凝土抗冻性敏感特性的影响[J].交通运输工程学报,2006,6(4):27-31.GAO Lei,CHEN Shuan-fa.Influence of mix-designed parameters on frost thaw resistance of high performance concrete[J].Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering,2006,6(4):27-31.
[23]武海荣,金伟良,延永东,等.混凝土冻融环境区划与抗冻性寿命预测[J].浙江大学学报:工学版,2012,46(4):650-657.WU Hai-rong,JIN Wei-liang,YAN Yong-dong,et al.Environmental zonation and life prediction of concrete in frost environments[J].Journal of Zhejiang University:Engineering Science,2012,46(4):650-657.
[24]葛勇,袁杰,杨文萃,等.粉煤灰混凝土抗硫酸钠溶液冻融-干湿循环性能[J].武汉理工大学学报,2008,30(6):34-36.GE Yong,YUAN Jie,Yang Wen-cui,et al.Property of fly-ash concrete in sodium sulfate solution under freeze-thaw and dry-wet cycling[J].Journal of Wuhan University Technology,2008,30(6):34-36.
[25]袁晓露,李北星,崔巩,等.粉煤灰混凝土的抗冻性能及机理分析[J].混凝土,2008(12):43-44,62.YUAN Xiao-lu,LI Bei-xing,CUI Gong,et al.Frost resistance of fly ash concrete and its mechanism[J].Concrete,2008(12):43-44,62.
[26]秦宪明,彭鹏飞,鄢礼传,等.阻锈剂对混凝土耐久性的影响研究[J].混凝土,2012(2):75-77.QIN Xian-ming,PENG Peng-fei,YAN Li-chuan,et al.Study on the influence of corrosion inhibitor on concrete durability[J].Concrete,2012(2):75-77.
[27]王嵬,张大全.国内外混凝土钢筋阻锈剂研究进展[J].腐蚀与防护,2006,27(7):369-373.WANG Wei,ZHANG Da-quan.Development of corrosion inhibitors for reinforcing steel[J].Corrosion&Protection,2006,27(7):369-373.
[2]赵珺,牛荻涛.钢筋混凝土桥梁锈胀开裂时间模型敏感性[J].长安大学学报:自然科版,2014,34(6):107-116.ZHAO Jun,NIU Di-tao.Corrosion cracking time models sensitivity of reinforced concrete bridge[J].Journal of Chang'an University:Natural Science Edition,2014,34(6):107-116.
[3]张峰,李术才.考虑海水冻融和侵蚀耦合作用的混凝土Ottosen强度准则[J].中国公路学报,2010,23(5):64-69.ZHANG Feng,LI Shu-cai.Ottosen strength criterion of concrete by sea water freeze-thaw and erosion coupling action[J].China Journal of Highway and Transport,2010,23(5):64-69.
[4]刘芳,尤占平,汪海年,等.不同环境中矿物掺和料混凝土抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能的研究进展[J].中国材料进展,2014,33(11):682-688.LIU Fang,YOU Zhan-ping,WANG Hai-nian,et al.Research progress on sulfate resistance of concrete with mineral admixture in different environments[J].Materials China,2014,33(11):682-688.
[5]AL-AKHRAS M N.Durability of metakaolin concrete to sulfate attack[J].Cement and Concrete Research,2006,36(9):1727-1734.
[6]MARCHAND J,PIGEON M,BAGER D,et al.Influence of chloride solution concentration on deicer salt scaling deterioration of concrete[J].ACI Materials Journal,1999,96(4):429-435.
[7]王海龙,董宜森,孙晓燕,等.干湿交替环境下混凝土受硫酸盐侵蚀劣化机理[J].浙江大学学报:工学版,2012,46(7):1255-1261.WANG Hai-long,DONG Yi-sen,SUN Xiao-yan,et al.Damage mechanism of concrete deteriorated by sulfate attack in wet-dry cycle environment[J].Journal of Zhejiang University:Engineering Science,2012,46(7):1255-1261.
[8]张峰,祝金鹏,李术才,等.海水侵蚀环境下混凝土力学性能退化模型[J].岩土力学,2010,31(5):1469-1474.ZHANG Feng,ZHU Jin-peng,LI Shu-cai,et al.Mechanical property deterioration model for concrete in environment with salt solution[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2010,31(5):1469-1474.
[9]余振新,高建明,宋鲁光,等.荷载-干湿交替-硫酸盐耦合作用下混凝土损伤过程[J].东南大学学报:自然科学版,2012,42(3):487-491.YU Zhen-xin,GAO Jian-ming,SONG Lu-guang,et al.Damage process of concrete exposed to sulfate attack under drying-wetting cycles and loading[J].Journal of Southeast University:Natural Science Edition,2012,42(3):487-491.
[10]吴泽媚,陈东丰,高培伟,等.氯盐和冻融双重作用对混凝土抗盐冻性的影响[J].硅酸盐通报,2011,30(6):1244-1248.WU Ze-mei,CHEN Dong-feng,GAO Pei-wei,et al.Effects of chloride salt and freezing-thawing on deicer-scaling resistance of concrete[J].Bulletin of the Chinese Ceramic Society,2011,30(6):1244-1248.
[11]慕儒.冻融循环与外部弯曲应力、盐溶液复合作用下混凝土的耐久性与寿命预测[D].南京:东南大学,2000.MU Ru.Durability and service life prediction of concrete subjected to the combined action of freezing-thawing,sustained external flexural stress and salt solution[D].Nanjing:Southeast University,2000.
[12]曾强,李克非.冻融情况下降温速率对水泥基材料变形和损伤的影响[J].清华大学学报:自然科学版,2008,48(9):1390-1394.ZENG Qiang,LI ke-fei.Influence of freezing rate on the cryo-deformation and cryo-damage of cementbased materials during freeze-thaw cycles[J].Journal of Tsinghua University:Science and Technology,2008,48(9):1390-1394.
[13]庞超明,徐剑,王进,等.混凝土干湿过程及循环制度的研究[J].建筑材料学报,2013,16(2):315-320.PANG Chao-ming,XU Jian,WANG Jin,et al.Investigation of the process and regime of drying and wetting of concrete[J].Journal of Building Materials,2013,16(2):315-320.
[14]高润东,赵顺波,李庆斌,等.干湿循环作用下混凝土硫酸盐侵蚀劣化机理试验研究[J].土木工程学报,2010,43(2):48-54.GAO Run-dong,ZHAO Shun-bo,LI Qing-bin,et al.Experimental study of the deterioration mechanism of concrete under sulfate attack in wet-dry cycles[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2010,43(2):48-54.
[15]陈拴发,郑木莲,王秉纲.粉煤灰混凝土应力腐蚀特性试验研究[J].中国公路学报,2005,18(3):14-17.CHEN Shuan-fa,ZHENG Mu-lian,WANG Binggang.Experimental research on stress corrosion character of fly-ash-cement concrete[J].China Journal of Highway and Transport,2005,18(3):14-17.
[16]LANGAN B W,WENIG K,WARD M A.Effect of silica fume and fly ash on heat of hydration of Portland cement[J].Cement and Concrete Research,2002,32(7):1045-1051.
[17]BENTUR A,GOLDMAN A.Curing effects,strength and physical properties of high strength silica fume concretes[J].Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering,1989,1(1):46-58.
[18]杨文武,钱觉时,范英儒.磨细高炉矿渣对海工混凝土抗冻性和氯离子扩散性能的影响[J].硅酸盐学报,2009,37(1):29-34.YANG Wen-wu,QIAN Jue-shi,FAN Ying-ru.Effect of ground granulated blastfurnace slag of both frostresistance and chloride ions diffusion properties of marine concrete[J].Journal of the Chinese Ceramic Society,2009,37(1):29-34.
[19]NAGATAKI S,GOMI H.Expansive admixture(mainly ettringite)[J].Cement and Concrete Composites,1998,20(2/3):163-170.
[20]游有鲲,缪昌文,刘加平,等.水泥基渗透结晶型防水材料的性能研究[J].化学建材,2005,21(6):28-32.YOU You-kun,MIAO Chang-wen,LIU Jia-ping,et al.Study of properties of cement permeated crystalline waterproof material[J].Chemical Materials for Construction,2005,21(6):28-32.
[21]周俊龙,欧忠文,江世永,等.掺阻锈剂掺和料海水海砂混凝土护筋性探讨[J].建筑材料学报,2012,15(1):69-74.ZHOU Jun-long,OU Zhong-wen,JIANG Shi-yong,et al.Discussion of rebar-protecting properties of seawater-seasand concrete mixed with admixture and corrosion inhibitor[J].Journal of Building Materials,2012,15(1):69-74.
[22]高蕾,陈拴发.配合比设计参数对高性能混凝土抗冻性敏感特性的影响[J].交通运输工程学报,2006,6(4):27-31.GAO Lei,CHEN Shuan-fa.Influence of mix-designed parameters on frost thaw resistance of high performance concrete[J].Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering,2006,6(4):27-31.
[23]武海荣,金伟良,延永东,等.混凝土冻融环境区划与抗冻性寿命预测[J].浙江大学学报:工学版,2012,46(4):650-657.WU Hai-rong,JIN Wei-liang,YAN Yong-dong,et al.Environmental zonation and life prediction of concrete in frost environments[J].Journal of Zhejiang University:Engineering Science,2012,46(4):650-657.
[24]葛勇,袁杰,杨文萃,等.粉煤灰混凝土抗硫酸钠溶液冻融-干湿循环性能[J].武汉理工大学学报,2008,30(6):34-36.GE Yong,YUAN Jie,Yang Wen-cui,et al.Property of fly-ash concrete in sodium sulfate solution under freeze-thaw and dry-wet cycling[J].Journal of Wuhan University Technology,2008,30(6):34-36.
[25]袁晓露,李北星,崔巩,等.粉煤灰混凝土的抗冻性能及机理分析[J].混凝土,2008(12):43-44,62.YUAN Xiao-lu,LI Bei-xing,CUI Gong,et al.Frost resistance of fly ash concrete and its mechanism[J].Concrete,2008(12):43-44,62.
[26]秦宪明,彭鹏飞,鄢礼传,等.阻锈剂对混凝土耐久性的影响研究[J].混凝土,2012(2):75-77.QIN Xian-ming,PENG Peng-fei,YAN Li-chuan,et al.Study on the influence of corrosion inhibitor on concrete durability[J].Concrete,2012(2):75-77.
[27]王嵬,张大全.国内外混凝土钢筋阻锈剂研究进展[J].腐蚀与防护,2006,27(7):369-373.WANG Wei,ZHANG Da-quan.Development of corrosion inhibitors for reinforcing steel[J].Corrosion&Protection,2006,27(7):369-373.