大兴安岭兴安落叶松天然林结构特征
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摘要
【目的】通过分析大兴安岭兴安落叶松天然林结构参数,了解兴安落叶松天然林的结构特征,为兴安落叶松林的经营和保护提供科学依据。【方法】以大兴安岭兴安落叶松天然林为研究对象,设置50m×50m固定样地,利用固定样地内每木定位调查数据和分析统计软件,对兴安落叶松林的结构参数角尺度、混交度、大小比数进行一元分布特征分析,同时将3个参数进行两两组合,进行二元分布特征分析,了解兴安落叶松林林木的微环境特征。【结果】兴安落叶松林直径分布为多峰山状分布且呈左偏,树高分布为多峰山状分布且呈右边;兴安落叶松林分布格局为随机分布,接近均匀分布;树种隔离程度低,属于弱度混交;林分中落叶松胸径大小分布差异明显,整体表现为中庸状态。不同分布状态的林木优劣性差异较小;随机分布时混交度为零度混交和弱度混交的林木比例最大;当混交度为零度混交(M=0)时,大小比数分布频度在劣态状态下达最大值;当混交度为极强度混交(M=1)时,大小比数分布频度在中庸状态下达最小值。【结论】大兴安岭兴安落叶松天然林结构不合理,需要进行密度调整和结构优化从而提高其林分质量。
【Objective】By analyzing the structural parameters of L. gmelinii natural forest in Daxing'an Mountains,to understand the structure characters of L. gmelinii natural forest and provide the basis for protection and management.【Method】Fixed a sample plot of L. gmelinii forest with 50 m×50 m was set up. and the structural parameters of L. gmelinii forest were analyzed by fixed sample survey of each tree positioning data with statistical software,and the three spatial structural parameters of uniform angle index,mingling degree and competition index were analyzed.At the same time,the three parameters were combined into two groups to analyze the bivariate distribution characteristics and understand the microenvironment characteristics of L. gmelinii forest.【Result】The DBH distribution and tree height distribution of L. gmelinii followed a multi-shaped peak curve,the DBH distribution was left and the tree height distribution was right;the spatial distribution pattern is random distribution,close to uniform distribution;the degree of tree species segregation was lower and the average value of mingling was weak;The DBH of L. gmelinii was significantly differentiated,the average state belonged to medium.There were little difference in dominance under different distribution patterns;In random distribution,the proportion of trees with zero degree of mingling and weak degree of mingling is the largest;when the degree of mingling is zero degree of mingling(M=0),the frequency of size ratio distribution reaches the maximum in bad state;when the degree of mingling is extreme intensity mingling(M=1),the frequency of size ratio distribution reaches the minimum in the middle state.【Conclusion】The structure of L. gmelinii natural forest on Daxing'an Mountains is unreasonable;some measures of density adjustment and structure optimization should be taken to improve the forest health.
【Objective】By analyzing the structural parameters of L. gmelinii natural forest in Daxing'an Mountains,to understand the structure characters of L. gmelinii natural forest and provide the basis for protection and management.【Method】Fixed a sample plot of L. gmelinii forest with 50 m×50 m was set up. and the structural parameters of L. gmelinii forest were analyzed by fixed sample survey of each tree positioning data with statistical software,and the three spatial structural parameters of uniform angle index,mingling degree and competition index were analyzed.At the same time,the three parameters were combined into two groups to analyze the bivariate distribution characteristics and understand the microenvironment characteristics of L. gmelinii forest.【Result】The DBH distribution and tree height distribution of L. gmelinii followed a multi-shaped peak curve,the DBH distribution was left and the tree height distribution was right;the spatial distribution pattern is random distribution,close to uniform distribution;the degree of tree species segregation was lower and the average value of mingling was weak;The DBH of L. gmelinii was significantly differentiated,the average state belonged to medium.There were little difference in dominance under different distribution patterns;In random distribution,the proportion of trees with zero degree of mingling and weak degree of mingling is the largest;when the degree of mingling is zero degree of mingling(M=0),the frequency of size ratio distribution reaches the maximum in bad state;when the degree of mingling is extreme intensity mingling(M=1),the frequency of size ratio distribution reaches the minimum in the middle state.【Conclusion】The structure of L. gmelinii natural forest on Daxing'an Mountains is unreasonable;some measures of density adjustment and structure optimization should be taken to improve the forest health.
引文
[1]惠刚盈,Gadow K V,胡艳波.结构化森林经营[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2007.
[2] Moeur M. Characterizing spatial patterns of trees using stem mapped data[J]. Forest Science,1993,39(4):756-775.
[3]惠刚盈,克劳斯·冯佳多.德国现代森林经营技术[M].北京:中国科学技术出版社,2001.
[4]高广磊,丁国栋,任丽娜,等.空间竞争指数在华北土石山区天然次生林的应用[J].干旱区资源与环境,2012,26(6):134-138.
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[6] ComasC,PalahíM,PukkalaT.Characterisingforest spatialstructurethroughinhomogeneoussecondorder characteristics[J].StochasticEnvironmentalResearchand Risk Assessment,2009,23(3):387-397.
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[10]那冬晨,杨传平,姜静,等.兴安落叶松种源区划及优良种源选择[J].林业科技,2005,30(4):1-4.
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[13] Wang C,Gower S T,Wang Y,et al. The infl uence of fi re on carbon distribution and net primary production of boreal Larixgmeliniiforestsinnorth-easternChina[J].Global Change Biology,2001,7(6):719–730.
[14]玉宝,乌吉斯古楞,王百田,等.兴安落叶松天然林不同林分结构林木水平分布格局特征研究[J].林业科学研究,2010,23(1):83-88.
[15]韩胜利,张秋良,安慧君,等.兴安落叶松天然林空间结构特征分析[J].干旱区资源与环境,2015,29(5):87-92.
[16]董灵波,刘兆刚,李凤日,等.大兴安岭主要森林类型林分空间结构及最优树种组成[J].林业科学研究,2014,27(6):734-740.
[17]王文波,赵鹏武,姜喜麟,等.兴安落叶松林分结构及其生物量碳分配格局[J].森林工程,2017,33(1):16-21.
[18]佟金权,惠刚盈,赵中华,等.确定森林群落最小调查面积的方法[J].林业科学研究,2008,21(3):331-334.
[19]于政中,周运起.检查法第一经理期研究[J].林业科学,1996,32(1):24-34.
[20] Velázquez J,Allen R B,Coomes D A,et al. Asymmetric competition causes multimodal size distributions in spatially structured populations[J]. Proceedings Biological Sciences,2016,283(1823):1-9.
[21]刘文桢,赵中华,惠刚盈,等.小陇山油松天然林结构特征[J].林业科学研究,2011,24(4):437-442.
[22]刘灵,胡艳波,王千雪,等.沙地樟子松天然纯林的结构特征[J].林业科学研究,2016,29(5):623-629.
[2] Moeur M. Characterizing spatial patterns of trees using stem mapped data[J]. Forest Science,1993,39(4):756-775.
[3]惠刚盈,克劳斯·冯佳多.德国现代森林经营技术[M].北京:中国科学技术出版社,2001.
[4]高广磊,丁国栋,任丽娜,等.空间竞争指数在华北土石山区天然次生林的应用[J].干旱区资源与环境,2012,26(6):134-138.
[5]雷相东,唐守正.林分结构多样性指标研究综述[J].林业科学,2002,38(3):140-146.
[6] ComasC,PalahíM,PukkalaT.Characterisingforest spatialstructurethroughinhomogeneoussecondorder characteristics[J].StochasticEnvironmentalResearchand Risk Assessment,2009,23(3):387-397.
[7]惠刚盈,Gadow K V,胡艳波.森林空间结构参数角尺度的标准角选择[J].林业科学研究,2004,17(6):687-692.
[8] Bolton D K,Coops N C,Wulder M A. Measuring forest structure along productivity gradients in the Canadian boreal with small footprint Lidar[J]. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,2013,185(8):6617-6634.
[9]刘娜,齐淑艳,陈宏伟,等.大兴安岭呼中林区不同火后恢复年限森林碳密度变化研究[J].西北林学院学报,2017,32(5):8-12.
[10]那冬晨,杨传平,姜静,等.兴安落叶松种源区划及优良种源选择[J].林业科技,2005,30(4):1-4.
[11]蒋延玲,周广胜.兴安落叶松林碳平衡和全球变化影响研究[J].应用生态学报,2001,12(4):481-484.
[12] Gower S T,Krankina O,Olson R J,et al. Net primary productionandcarbonallocationpatternsofborealforest ecosystems[J]. Ecological Applications,2001,11(5):1395-1411.
[13] Wang C,Gower S T,Wang Y,et al. The infl uence of fi re on carbon distribution and net primary production of boreal Larixgmeliniiforestsinnorth-easternChina[J].Global Change Biology,2001,7(6):719–730.
[14]玉宝,乌吉斯古楞,王百田,等.兴安落叶松天然林不同林分结构林木水平分布格局特征研究[J].林业科学研究,2010,23(1):83-88.
[15]韩胜利,张秋良,安慧君,等.兴安落叶松天然林空间结构特征分析[J].干旱区资源与环境,2015,29(5):87-92.
[16]董灵波,刘兆刚,李凤日,等.大兴安岭主要森林类型林分空间结构及最优树种组成[J].林业科学研究,2014,27(6):734-740.
[17]王文波,赵鹏武,姜喜麟,等.兴安落叶松林分结构及其生物量碳分配格局[J].森林工程,2017,33(1):16-21.
[18]佟金权,惠刚盈,赵中华,等.确定森林群落最小调查面积的方法[J].林业科学研究,2008,21(3):331-334.
[19]于政中,周运起.检查法第一经理期研究[J].林业科学,1996,32(1):24-34.
[20] Velázquez J,Allen R B,Coomes D A,et al. Asymmetric competition causes multimodal size distributions in spatially structured populations[J]. Proceedings Biological Sciences,2016,283(1823):1-9.
[21]刘文桢,赵中华,惠刚盈,等.小陇山油松天然林结构特征[J].林业科学研究,2011,24(4):437-442.
[22]刘灵,胡艳波,王千雪,等.沙地樟子松天然纯林的结构特征[J].林业科学研究,2016,29(5):623-629.