球孢白僵菌与三种农药对萝卜蚜的协同防治效果
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摘要
前期选育得到了侵染蚜虫的球孢白僵菌高毒力菌株,但蚜虫发育繁殖快而白僵菌侵染致病慢的问题制约了该菌株的应用。为此,进行了白僵菌及吡虫啉、乐果、高效氯氰菊酯不同浓度单独处理,以及菌药混合处理对萝卜蚜的生物测定比较,结果表明,白僵菌浓度在0.08×106~50×10~6孢子/m L,可导致萝卜蚜47.0%~89.3%的死亡率。以2×10~6孢子/m L中等浓度白僵菌分别与1/10推荐浓度的吡虫啉、1/5推荐浓度的乐果和高效氯氰菊酯进行混用处理,可使萝卜蚜死亡率显著提高到97.3%~100%,LT50由76.8 h缩短到46.9~56.5 h。通过孢子萌发率检测表明球孢白僵菌与3种农药有较好的相容性。本试验证明白僵菌与3种农药具有良好协同增效作用,并确定了菌药混用的适宜浓度,为田间治蚜工作中制定减施化学农药、提高白僵菌防效策略提供科学依据。
A highly virulent strain of entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana against aphids was obtained. However, its field application is restricted because aphid reproduction is rapid while B. bassiana infection is relatively slow. To overcome the problem, we conducted a series of bioassay tests against the aphid Lipaphis erysimi, using B. bassiana and three pesticides individually, imidacloprid, dimethoate and beta-cypermethrin at different concentrations, as well as mixtures of the fungus with each pesticide. The results showed that B. bassiana alone at 0.08×10~6―50×10~6 spores/m L caused a 47.0%―89.3% mortality rate of the aphids. The mortality was significantly increased to 97.3%~100% by a mixed treatment of 2×10~6 spores/m L of B. bassiana with a sublethal concentration of each of the three pesticides, i.e., 1/10 of the recommending concentration of imidacloprid, 1/5 of the recommending concentration of dimethoate or beta-cypermethrin. Moreover, the LT50 of mixed treatment was shortened to 46.9―56.5 h from 76.8 h for B. bassiana alone. In addition, the germination rates of B. bassianaconidia mixed with each pesticide were compatible with each other. This experiment confirmed the synergistic effect of B. bassiana with the three pesticides, and determined the appropriate concentration in the mixed application. The data offer a potential opportunity for reducing chemical pesticide use and improving the effect of B. bassiana in aphid management in the field.
A highly virulent strain of entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana against aphids was obtained. However, its field application is restricted because aphid reproduction is rapid while B. bassiana infection is relatively slow. To overcome the problem, we conducted a series of bioassay tests against the aphid Lipaphis erysimi, using B. bassiana and three pesticides individually, imidacloprid, dimethoate and beta-cypermethrin at different concentrations, as well as mixtures of the fungus with each pesticide. The results showed that B. bassiana alone at 0.08×10~6―50×10~6 spores/m L caused a 47.0%―89.3% mortality rate of the aphids. The mortality was significantly increased to 97.3%~100% by a mixed treatment of 2×10~6 spores/m L of B. bassiana with a sublethal concentration of each of the three pesticides, i.e., 1/10 of the recommending concentration of imidacloprid, 1/5 of the recommending concentration of dimethoate or beta-cypermethrin. Moreover, the LT50 of mixed treatment was shortened to 46.9―56.5 h from 76.8 h for B. bassiana alone. In addition, the germination rates of B. bassianaconidia mixed with each pesticide were compatible with each other. This experiment confirmed the synergistic effect of B. bassiana with the three pesticides, and determined the appropriate concentration in the mixed application. The data offer a potential opportunity for reducing chemical pesticide use and improving the effect of B. bassiana in aphid management in the field.
引文
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[2]汪信庚,刘树生,吴晓晶,等.杭州郊区菜蚜种群的空间动态[J].应用生态学报,1997,8(6):599-604.
[3]Mowyr T M.Within-plant accumulation of potato leafroll virus by aggregated green peach aphid feeding[J].Phytopathology,1995,85(8):85-863.
[4]马占鸿,李怀方,范在丰,等.影响麦二叉蚜传播玉米矮花叶病毒效率的因素分析[J].植物保护学报,1998,25(1):46-50.
[5]Georghiou G P.Overview of insecticide resistance[J].Acs Symposium,1990,421(1):18-41.
[6]高希武,郑炳宗,曹本钧.北京及河北廊坊地区桃蚜对拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂抗性研究[J].农药,1993,32(2):8-9,14.
[7]陈小坤,夏晓明,王红艳,等.抗吡虫啉棉蚜种群对啶虫脒和噻虫胺的交互抗性及相关酶学机理[J].昆虫学报,2013,56(10):1143-1151.
[8]蒲蛰龙,李增智.昆虫真菌学[M].合肥:安徽科学技术出版社,1996.
[9]Feng M G,Johnson J B,Kish L P.Virulence of Verticillium lecanii and an aphid-derived isolate of Beauveria bassiana(Fungi:Hyphomycetes)for six species of cereal infesting aphids(Homoptera:Aphididae)[J].Environmental Entomology,1990,19(3):815-820.
[10]刘银泉,冯明光,刘树生.球抱白僵菌对桃蚜的毒力测定[J].植物保护学报,1999,26(4):347-352.
[11]刘兴磊,张正坤,徐文静,等.球孢白僵菌对大豆蚜毒力的室内生物学测定[J].应用昆虫学报,2011,48(6):1699-1702.
[12]Kish L P,Majchrowicz I,Biever K D.Prevalence of natural fungal mortality of green peach aphid(Homoptera:Aphididae)on potatoes and nonsolanaceous hosts in Washington and Idaho[J].Environmental Entomology,1994,23(5):1326-1330.
[13]Hatting J L,Humber R A,poprwaski T J,et al.A survey of fungal pathogens of aphids from South Africa,with special reference to cereal aphids[J].Biological Conotrl,1999,16(l):1-12.
[14]Hatting J L,Wraight S P,Miller R M.Efficacy of Beauveria bassiana(Hyphomycetes)for control of Russian wheat aphid(Homoptera:Aphididae)on resistant wheat under field conditions[J].Biocontrol Science and Technology,2004,14(5):459-473.
[15]孙佰平,杜琴,赵思峰,等.球孢白僵菌CXJ-1与吡虫啉防治棉蚜配方筛选和田间防治效果[J].中国棉花,2013,40(5):8-12.
[16]Shrestha G,Enkegaard A,Steenberg T.Laboratory and semi-field evaluation of Beauveria bassiana(Ascomycota:Hypocreales)against the lettuce aphid,Nasonovia ribisnigri(Hemiptera:Aphididae)[J].Biological Control,2015,85(1):37-45.
[17]Sun Y P,Johnson E R.Analysis of joint action of insecticides against house flies[J].Journal of Economic Entomology,1960,53(5):887-892.
[18]Mansour N A,Eldefraw I M E,Toppozada A,et al.Toxicological studies on the egyptian cotton leafworm,Prodenia litura VI.potentiation and antagonism of organophosphorus and carbamate in secticides[J].Journal of Economic Entomology,1960,59(2):307-311.
[19]Farooq M,Freed S.Combined effects of Beauveria bassiana(Hypocreales:Clavicipitaceae)and insecticide mixtures on biological parameters of Musca domestica(Diptera:Muscidae)[J].Pakistan Journal of Zoology,2016,48(5):1465-1476.
[20]Oliveira C N,de Neves P M O J,Kawazoe L S.Compatibility between the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana and insecticides used in coffee plantations[J].Scientia Agricola,2003,60(4):663-667.
[21]顾中言,陈明亮,许小龙,等.共毒系数在杀虫剂混用联合作用评判中的偏差及校正[J].江苏农业学报,2010,26(6):1238-1246.
[2]汪信庚,刘树生,吴晓晶,等.杭州郊区菜蚜种群的空间动态[J].应用生态学报,1997,8(6):599-604.
[3]Mowyr T M.Within-plant accumulation of potato leafroll virus by aggregated green peach aphid feeding[J].Phytopathology,1995,85(8):85-863.
[4]马占鸿,李怀方,范在丰,等.影响麦二叉蚜传播玉米矮花叶病毒效率的因素分析[J].植物保护学报,1998,25(1):46-50.
[5]Georghiou G P.Overview of insecticide resistance[J].Acs Symposium,1990,421(1):18-41.
[6]高希武,郑炳宗,曹本钧.北京及河北廊坊地区桃蚜对拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂抗性研究[J].农药,1993,32(2):8-9,14.
[7]陈小坤,夏晓明,王红艳,等.抗吡虫啉棉蚜种群对啶虫脒和噻虫胺的交互抗性及相关酶学机理[J].昆虫学报,2013,56(10):1143-1151.
[8]蒲蛰龙,李增智.昆虫真菌学[M].合肥:安徽科学技术出版社,1996.
[9]Feng M G,Johnson J B,Kish L P.Virulence of Verticillium lecanii and an aphid-derived isolate of Beauveria bassiana(Fungi:Hyphomycetes)for six species of cereal infesting aphids(Homoptera:Aphididae)[J].Environmental Entomology,1990,19(3):815-820.
[10]刘银泉,冯明光,刘树生.球抱白僵菌对桃蚜的毒力测定[J].植物保护学报,1999,26(4):347-352.
[11]刘兴磊,张正坤,徐文静,等.球孢白僵菌对大豆蚜毒力的室内生物学测定[J].应用昆虫学报,2011,48(6):1699-1702.
[12]Kish L P,Majchrowicz I,Biever K D.Prevalence of natural fungal mortality of green peach aphid(Homoptera:Aphididae)on potatoes and nonsolanaceous hosts in Washington and Idaho[J].Environmental Entomology,1994,23(5):1326-1330.
[13]Hatting J L,Humber R A,poprwaski T J,et al.A survey of fungal pathogens of aphids from South Africa,with special reference to cereal aphids[J].Biological Conotrl,1999,16(l):1-12.
[14]Hatting J L,Wraight S P,Miller R M.Efficacy of Beauveria bassiana(Hyphomycetes)for control of Russian wheat aphid(Homoptera:Aphididae)on resistant wheat under field conditions[J].Biocontrol Science and Technology,2004,14(5):459-473.
[15]孙佰平,杜琴,赵思峰,等.球孢白僵菌CXJ-1与吡虫啉防治棉蚜配方筛选和田间防治效果[J].中国棉花,2013,40(5):8-12.
[16]Shrestha G,Enkegaard A,Steenberg T.Laboratory and semi-field evaluation of Beauveria bassiana(Ascomycota:Hypocreales)against the lettuce aphid,Nasonovia ribisnigri(Hemiptera:Aphididae)[J].Biological Control,2015,85(1):37-45.
[17]Sun Y P,Johnson E R.Analysis of joint action of insecticides against house flies[J].Journal of Economic Entomology,1960,53(5):887-892.
[18]Mansour N A,Eldefraw I M E,Toppozada A,et al.Toxicological studies on the egyptian cotton leafworm,Prodenia litura VI.potentiation and antagonism of organophosphorus and carbamate in secticides[J].Journal of Economic Entomology,1960,59(2):307-311.
[19]Farooq M,Freed S.Combined effects of Beauveria bassiana(Hypocreales:Clavicipitaceae)and insecticide mixtures on biological parameters of Musca domestica(Diptera:Muscidae)[J].Pakistan Journal of Zoology,2016,48(5):1465-1476.
[20]Oliveira C N,de Neves P M O J,Kawazoe L S.Compatibility between the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana and insecticides used in coffee plantations[J].Scientia Agricola,2003,60(4):663-667.
[21]顾中言,陈明亮,许小龙,等.共毒系数在杀虫剂混用联合作用评判中的偏差及校正[J].江苏农业学报,2010,26(6):1238-1246.
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