光强对菹草生长及抗氧化酶活性的影响
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摘要
试验以菹草(Potamogeton crispus)为试验材料,在7种不同光强(自然光的100%、60%、40%、20%、10%、5%和1%)条件下,测定并分析菹草的形态指标(株高、叶片数)和生理指标(叶绿素、根系活力、抗氧化酶活性及丙二醛)对光强条件的响应,为富营养化水体植物群落的构建提供理论依据。结果表明:(1)随着光照强度的增大,菹草的株高、叶片数、生物量增长率显著上升,而光强过高(CK组)和过低(1%组)菹草生长受到抑制;(2)菹草叶绿素含量随光照强度的增大,呈先上升后下降趋势。1%组和CK组Chl.a、Chl.b、Chl.a+b和Car含量低,其余各组含量较高;(3)随着试验时间的延长,菹草根系活力呈先上升后下降趋势,20%组、40%组和60%组的根系活力较大;(4)菹草SOD、POD和CAT活性整体表现为先升后降趋势,试验后期1%和CK组SOD含量较高,POD、CAT含量较低。菹草叶片MDA含量在试验过程中不断上升,抑制菹草的正常生长。自然光照的20%—60%,菹草生长状况较好;持续的弱光胁迫将导致植物活性氧代谢失调,细胞受到伤害,最终导致植物死亡。
Submerged macrophytes have an important effect on the restoration of the degraded aquatic ecosystem, and the light intensity is the main limiting factor for its growth and development. This study investigated 7 different light intensities(100%, 60%, 40%, 20%, 10%, 5% and 1% of natural light) on the morphological index(plant height, leaf number) and physiological index(chlorophyll, root activity, antioxidant enzyme activity and malondialdehyde), of Potamogeton crispus to provide the theoretical basis for the construction of eutrophic water plant community. The results showed:(1) With the increase of light intensity, the plant heights, leaf numbers and biomass growth rate increased significantly, but the growth was inhibited in high light intensity(CK group) and the low intensity(1% group).(2) The chlorophyll content of P. crispus increased first and then decreased with the increase of light intensity. The contents of Chl. a, Chl. b, Chl. a + b and Car in 1% and CK groups were lower than those of the others.(3) With the extension of the test time, the root activity increased first and then decreased with higher root activity in the group of 20%, 40% and60%.(4) The activity of SOD, POD and CAT increased first and then decreased during the whole experiment, and in the later stage of experiment, 1% and CK groups had higher content of SOD but lower content of POD and CAT. The content of MDA of leaf increased during the experiment associated with reduced growth of P. crispus. The best growth conditions of P. crispus were the 20%—60% of natural light, and the sustained weak light stress would cause the metabolism disorders of active oxygen, cells damage, and ultimate death.
Submerged macrophytes have an important effect on the restoration of the degraded aquatic ecosystem, and the light intensity is the main limiting factor for its growth and development. This study investigated 7 different light intensities(100%, 60%, 40%, 20%, 10%, 5% and 1% of natural light) on the morphological index(plant height, leaf number) and physiological index(chlorophyll, root activity, antioxidant enzyme activity and malondialdehyde), of Potamogeton crispus to provide the theoretical basis for the construction of eutrophic water plant community. The results showed:(1) With the increase of light intensity, the plant heights, leaf numbers and biomass growth rate increased significantly, but the growth was inhibited in high light intensity(CK group) and the low intensity(1% group).(2) The chlorophyll content of P. crispus increased first and then decreased with the increase of light intensity. The contents of Chl. a, Chl. b, Chl. a + b and Car in 1% and CK groups were lower than those of the others.(3) With the extension of the test time, the root activity increased first and then decreased with higher root activity in the group of 20%, 40% and60%.(4) The activity of SOD, POD and CAT increased first and then decreased during the whole experiment, and in the later stage of experiment, 1% and CK groups had higher content of SOD but lower content of POD and CAT. The content of MDA of leaf increased during the experiment associated with reduced growth of P. crispus. The best growth conditions of P. crispus were the 20%—60% of natural light, and the sustained weak light stress would cause the metabolism disorders of active oxygen, cells damage, and ultimate death.
引文
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[2]Engelhardt K A M,Ritchie M E.Effects of macrophyte species richness on wetland ecosystem functioning and services[J].Nature,2001,411(6838):687-689
[3]Melzer A.Aquatic macrophytes as tools for lake management[J].Hydrobiologia,1999,395-396(1):181-190
[4]Irfanullah H M,Moss B.Factors influencing the return of submerged plants to a clear-water,shallow temperate lake[J].Aquatic Botany,2004,80(3):177-191
[5]Ensminger I,Hagen C,Braune W.Strategies providing success in a variable habitat:I.Relationships of environmental factors and dominance of Cladophora glomerata[J].Plant Cell&Environment,2000,23(10):1119-1128
[6]Su W H,Zhang G F,Zhang Y S,et al.The photosynthetic characteristics of five submerged aquatic plants[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2004,28(4):391-395[苏文华,张光飞,张云孙,等.5种沉水植物的光合特征.水生生物学报,2004,28(4):391-395]
[7]Li W Z,Liang G H.Light demand for Brood-bud germination of submerged plant[J].Journal of Lake Science,1996,8(S1):25-29[李文朝,连光华.几种沉水植物营养繁殖体萌发的光需求研究.湖泊科学,1996,8(S1):25-29]
[8]Jian Y X,Wang J B,He G Q,et al.Effects of water-depth gradients,matrices,light and removal of plantlets on germination of turions of Potamogeton crispus[J].Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica,2001,25(3):224-229[简永兴,王建波,何国庆,等.水深、基质、光和去苗对菹草石芽萌发的影响.水生生物学报,2001,25(3):224-229]
[9]Jin S D,Ni C H.Uptake by Potamogeton crispus of nitrogen and phosphorus from water and some affecting factors[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,1994,14(2):168-173[金送笛,倪彩虹.菹草对水中氮、磷的吸收及若干影响因素.生态学报,1994,14(2):168-173]
[10]Cao Y,Shi Q,Wang G X.Effects of sediment deposition on germination and seedling growth of Potamogeton crispus[J].Journal of Ecology&Rural Environment,2010,26 (3):279-281[曹昀,时强,王国祥.泥沙淤积对菹草萌发与初期生长的影响.生态与农村环境学报,2010,26(3):279-281]
[11]Gao H M,Gu X H,Zeng Q F,et al.Growth of Potamogeton crispus L.and its influence on the water quality under different substrate types[J].Lake Science,2010,22(5):655-659[高华梅,谷孝鸿,曾庆飞,等.不同基质下菹草的生长及其对水体营养盐的吸收.湖泊科学,2010,22(5):655-659]
[12]Lu S Y,Chen J J,Qin J,et al.Influence of disturbance intensity on nitrogen,phosphorus and permanganate index release of Potamogeton crispus during soaking in water[J].Environmental Science,2011,32(7):1940-1944[卢少勇,陈建军,覃进,等.扰动强度对菹草浸泡过程中氮磷碳释放的影响.环境科学,2011,32(7):1940-1944]
[13]Hu T Y,Xie P J,Yan L R,et al.Repairing effect of Potamogeton crispus on heavy metal pollution in sediment[J].Ecological Science,2014,33(6):1182-1188[胡天印,谢佩君,晏丽蓉,等.菹草对底泥中重金属污染的修复效果.生态科学,2014,33(6):1182-1188]
[14]Zhou X H,Wang G X,Feng B B.Influence of the growth and photosynthetic characteristics of Potamogeton cripus in light[J].Ecology&Environment,2008,17(4):1342-1347[周晓红,王国祥,冯冰冰.光照对菹草(Potamogeton cripus)幼苗生长发育和光合荧光特性的影响.生态环境学报,2008,17(4):1342-1347]
[15]State Environmental Protection Administration.Water and Wastewater Monitoring and Analytic Methods[M].Beijing:China Environmental Science Press.2002,130-156[国家环境保护总局.水和废水监测分析方法.北京:中国环境科学出版社.2002,130-156]
[16]Wang X K.Principles and Techniques of Plant Physiological Biochemical Experiment[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press.2015,118[王学奎.植物生理生化实验原理与技术.北京:高等教育出版社.2015,118]
[17]Wang J F,Feng Y L.The effect of light intensity on biomass allocation,leaf morphology and relative growth rate of two invasive plants[J].Acta Phytoecologica Sinica,2004,28(6):781-786[王俊峰,冯玉龙.光强对两种入侵植物生物量分配、叶片形态和相对生长速率的影响.植物生态学报,2004,28(6):781-786]
[18]Yuan L Y,Li S C,Li W,et al.The effects of light on the life-history strategy of submerged macrophyte Vallisneria spinulosa[J].Journal of Jiangxi Normal University(Natural Edition),2008,32(4):482-487[袁龙义,李守淳,李伟,等.光照对沉水植物刺苦草生活史对策的影响.江西师范大学学报(自然版),2008,32(4):482-487]
[19]Senevirathna A M,Stirling C M,Rodrigo V H.Growth,photosynthetic performance and shade adaptation of rubber(Hevea brasiliensis)grown in natural shade[J].Tree Physiology,2003,23(10):705-712
[20]Li H J,Ni L Y,Cao T,et al.Responses of Vallisneria natans to reduced light availability and nutrient enrichment[J].Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica,2008,32(2):225 -230[黎慧娟,倪乐意,曹特,等.弱光照和富营养对苦草生长的影响.水生生物学报,2008,32(2):225-230]
[21]Liu W H,Gao D S,Shu H R.Effects of different photon flux density on the characteristics of photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence of peach trees in protected culture[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2006,39(10):2069-2075[刘文海,高东升,束怀瑞.不同光强处理对设施桃树光合及荧光特性的影响.中国农业科学,2006,39(10):2069-2075]
[22]Leong T Y,Anderson J M.Adaptation of the thylakoid membranes of pea chloroplasts to light intensities.II.Regulation of electron transport capacities,electron carriers,coupling factor(CF 1)activity and rates of photosynthesis[J].Photosynthesis Research,1984,5(2):117-128
[23]Anderson J M,Aro E M.Grana stacking and protection of Photosystem II in thylakoid membranes of higher plant leaves under sustained high irradiance:an hypothesis[J].Photosynthesis Research,1994,41(2):315-326
[24]Zhang Y J,Feng Y L.Difference in light acclimation mechanisms between light-loving and shade-tolerant Ficus species[J].Journal of Plant Physiology and Molecular Biology,2004,30(3):297-304[张亚杰,冯玉龙.喜光榕树和耐荫榕树光适应机制的差异.植物生理与分子生物学学报,2004,30(3):297-304]
[25]Sun X L,Xu Y F,Ma L Y.A review of acclimation of photosynthetic pigment composition in plant leaves to shade environment[J].Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology,2010,34(8):989-999[孙小玲,许岳飞,马鲁沂,等.植株叶片的光合色素构成对遮阴的响应.植物生态学报,2010,34(8):989-999]
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