菲律宾蛤仔垦区育苗技术优化及其对池塘理化环境、浮游植物和稚贝生长的影响
|
摘要
为改进菲律宾蛤仔垦区育苗技术,设置一口池塘(A)培育高密度浮游植物并定期添加至育苗池(B),未添加藻类育苗池(C)作为对照,比较了A、B、C以及邻近自然海区(D)的水体、沉积物、浮游植物状况和池塘B、C中稚贝生长情况。结果显示,池塘A、B、C之间水质和沉积物各指标无显著性差异,但三者水体中盐度、pH、溶解氧、氨氮、硝酸盐氮、活性磷酸盐和沉积物中有机碳、硫化物与自然海区D差异显著;浮游植物密度A>B>C>D,但仅A、D间差异显著;池塘B稚贝壳长和密度均显著大于池塘C。这表明垦区与自然海区环境差异大,而育苗期间通过外源补充藻类能提高稚贝的生长率和成活率,进而提高菲律宾蛤仔垦区育苗成功率。
The Manila clam(Ruditapes philippinarum), with annual yield of 4 million tons in 2015, is a kind of important economic shellfish in China. The breeding technique in diked tidal flat which is the most productive technology, is not particularly reliable. In order to optimize it, a pond(A) was set up to induce phytoplanktonic blooms, which was regularly distributed to the nursery pond(B), and nursery pond(C) without algae superinduced as the control. The water, sediment quality and phytoplankton of A, B, C were compared with those of adjacent natural sea area(D). The growth of juveniles in B and C were also compared. The results showed that, there was no significant difference between A, B and C in water and sediment quality, but the water quality parameters(S,pH, DO, NH_3-N, NO_3-N, PO_4-P) and the sediment quality(organic carbon, sulfide) of the three ponds were significantly different from D; the phytoplankton density followed the order of A > B > C > D, but only A had significant difference with D; the shell length and density of juveniles in B were significantly higher than those in C. This indicated that there was a great difference in the environment between the diked tidal flat ponds and the natural sea area, and phytoplankton supplement can increase the growth and survival of the juveniles, thus ensuring the success rate of the breeding of R. philippinarum in diked tidal flat ponds.
The Manila clam(Ruditapes philippinarum), with annual yield of 4 million tons in 2015, is a kind of important economic shellfish in China. The breeding technique in diked tidal flat which is the most productive technology, is not particularly reliable. In order to optimize it, a pond(A) was set up to induce phytoplanktonic blooms, which was regularly distributed to the nursery pond(B), and nursery pond(C) without algae superinduced as the control. The water, sediment quality and phytoplankton of A, B, C were compared with those of adjacent natural sea area(D). The growth of juveniles in B and C were also compared. The results showed that, there was no significant difference between A, B and C in water and sediment quality, but the water quality parameters(S,pH, DO, NH_3-N, NO_3-N, PO_4-P) and the sediment quality(organic carbon, sulfide) of the three ponds were significantly different from D; the phytoplankton density followed the order of A > B > C > D, but only A had significant difference with D; the shell length and density of juveniles in B were significantly higher than those in C. This indicated that there was a great difference in the environment between the diked tidal flat ponds and the natural sea area, and phytoplankton supplement can increase the growth and survival of the juveniles, thus ensuring the success rate of the breeding of R. philippinarum in diked tidal flat ponds.
引文
[1]Food and Agriculture Organization of United Nations.Global aquaculture production(online query)[CP/OL].http://www.fao.org/fishery/topic/16140/en.
[2]翁国新.菲律宾蛤仔大水面人工育苗技术[J].福建水产,2006,12(4):85-88.Weng G X.The Manila clam(Ruditapes philippinarum)artificial breeding technique in diked tidal flat[J].Journal of Fujian Fisheries,2006,12(4):85-88(in Chinese).
[3]李永仁,邢克智,郭永军,等.天津沿海菲律宾蛤仔人工育苗技术的初步研究[J].海洋通报,2012,31(3):320-323.Li Y R,Xing K Z,Guo Y J,et al.Study on the artificial breeding of Manila clam,Ruditapes philippinarum at Tianjin coast[J].Marine Science Bulletin,2012,31(3):320 -323(in Chinese).
[4]郭文,房慧,孙福新,等.菲律宾蛤仔室内常温育苗技术[J].齐鲁渔业,2002,19(8):42-44.Guo W,Fang H,Sun F X,et al.The Manila clam(Ruditapes philippinarum)indoor artificial breeding technique at room temperature[J].Shandong Fisheries,2002,19(8):42-44(in Chinese).
[5]张国清,杨玉香,梁维波,等.菲律宾蛤仔人工育苗技术[J].齐鲁渔业,2006,23(3):14-15.Zhang G Q,Yang Y X,Liang W B,et al.The Manila clam(Ruditapes philippinarum)artificial breeding technique[J].Shandong Fisheries,2006,23(3):14-15(in Chinese).
[6]刘慧,方建光,朱建新,等.菲律宾蛤仔高密度育苗技术[J].海洋水产研究,2005,26(6):28-33.Liu H,Fang J G,Zhu J X,et al.Techniques for highdensity artificial reproduction of Manila clam,Ruditapes philippinarum[J].Marine Fisheries Research,2005,26(6):28-33(in Chinese).
[7]任福海,刘吉明,杨辉,等.辽宁菲律宾蛤仔土池育苗存在的问题与对策[J].水产科学,2003,22(5):39-40.Ren F H,Liu J M,Yang H,et al.The problems and strategy on breeding of clam(Ruditapes philippinarum)in ponds in Liaoning Province[J].Fisheries Science,2003,22(5):39-40(in Chinese).
[8]卢敬让,李德尚,杨红生,等.海水池塘鱼贝施肥混养生态系中贝类与浮游生物的相互影响[J].水产学报,1997,21(2):158-164.Lu J R,Li D S,Yang H S,et al.Interactions between plankton and shellfish in fish-shellfish polyculture ecosystem of fertilized sea water pond[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,1997,21(2):158-164(in Chinese).
[9]徐晓津,吴成业,阎希柱,等.菲律宾蛤仔反季节高效生态养殖池中浮游植物生态特征研究[J].渔业科学进展,2010,31(6):60-68.Xu X J,Wu C Y,Yan X Z,et al.Study on the ecological characteristics of phytoplankton in an off-season high efficient and ecological culture pond of short neck clam Ruditapes philippinarum[J].Progress in Fishery Science,2010,31(6):60-68(in Chinese).
[10]Soletchnik P,Le Moine O,Goulletquer P,et al.Optimisation of the traditional Pacific cupped oyster(Crassostrea gigas Thunberg)culture on the French Atlantic coastline:autumnal fattening in semi-closed ponds[J].Aquaculture,2001,199(1-2):73-91.
[11]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局,中国国家标准化管理委员会.海洋监测规范第7部分:近海污染生态调查和生物监测:GB 17378.7-2007[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2008.General Administration of Quality Supervision,Inspection and Quarantine of the People’s Republic of China,Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China.The specification for marine monitoring-Part7:Ecological survey for offshore pollution and biological monitoring:GB 17378.7-2007[S].Beijing,Standards Press of China,2008(in Chinese).
[12]高杉,吴立新,姜志强,等.牙鲆和贝类混养池塘中氮、磷收支的研究[J].大连海洋大学学报,2011,26(3):203-208.Gao S,Wu L X,Jiang Z Q,et al.Nitrogen and phosphorus budgets in a pond with polyculture of Japanese flounder with shellfish[J].Journal of Dalian Ocean University,2011,26(3):203-208(in Chinese).
[13]张凯,田相利,董双林,等.三疣梭子蟹、凡纳滨对虾和菲律宾蛤仔混养系统氮磷收支的研究[J].中国海洋大学学报,2015,45(2):44-53.Zhang K,Tian X L,Dong S L,et al.Nitrogen and phosphorus budgets of polyculture system of Portunus trituberculatus,Litopenaeus vannamei and Ruditapes philippinarum[J].Periodical of Ocean University of China,2015,45(2):44-53(in Chinese).
[14]魏虎进,程飞,朱小明,等.以缢蛏为主的生态综合养殖池塘氮磷流转研究[J].厦门大学学报(自然科学版),2013,52(3):254-258.Wei J H,Cheng F,Zhu X M,et al.The budgets of nitrogen and phosphorus in the integrated multi-trophic aquaculture(IMTA)ponds[J].Journal of Xiamen University(Natural Science Edition),2013,52(3):254-258(in Chinese).
[15]张磊,杨淑芳,阎希柱,等.菲律宾蛤仔养殖池塘初级生产力的变化及其影响因子研究[J].渔业现代化,2015,42(5):18-23.Zhang L,Yang S F,Yan X Z,et al.Study on the variation and influencing factors of the primary production of Ruditapes philippinarum culture pond[J].Fishery Modernization,2015,42(5):18-23(in Chinese).
[16]闫喜武.菲律宾蛤仔养殖生物学、养殖技术与品种选育[D].青岛:中国科学院研究生院(海洋研究所),2005.Yan X W.The culture biology and technology and selective breeding in Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum[D].Qingdao:The Institute of Oceanology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,2005(in Chinese).
[17]Boyd C E.Practical aspects of chemistry in pond aquaculture[J].The Progressive Fish Culturist,1997,59:85-93.
[18]Jiang X L,Boyd C E.Relationship between organic carbon concentration and potential pond bottom soil respiration[J].Aquacultural Engineering,2006,35(2):147-151.
[19]彭斌.滨海盐场养殖池塘底质硫化物的变化及其与其它因子的关系[J].海洋湖沼通报,2008(3):155-160.Peng B.The variation of sulfide in culture ponds of Binhai saltern and relationship between sulfide and other factors[J].Transactions of Oceanology and Limnology,2008(3):155-160(in Chinese).
[20]陈皓文.海洋硫酸盐还原菌及其活动的经济重要性[J].黄渤海海洋,1998,16(4):64-74.Chen H W.Marine sulfate-reducing bacteria and the economic significances of their activity[J].Journal of Oceanography of Huanghai&Bohai Seas,1998,16(4):64-74(in Chinese).
[21]迟爽,刘海军,刘冉,等.刺参养殖池塘底泥理化指标和细菌数量变化的检测[J].渔业科学进展,2014,35(1):111-117.Chi S,Liu H J,Liu R,et al.Variation of physicochemical indices and bacterial numbers in sediment of Apostichopus japonicus culture ponds[J].Progress in Fishery Sciences,2014,35(1):111-117(in Chinese).
[22]王岩,齐振雄.不同养殖方式对海水实验围隔底泥中氮、磷和有机碳含量的影响[J].海洋科学,1999(4):1-3.Wang Y,Qi Z X.Effects of culture models on concentration of nitrogen,phosphorus and organic carbon in bottom soil from seawater experimental enclosures[J].Marine Sciences,1999(4):1-3(in Chinese).
[23]彭斌.虾贝混养池塘养殖环境中底质硫化物的研究[J].现代农业科技,2008(9):172-174.Peng B.Study on sediment sulfide in shrimp-shell polyculture ponds[J].Modern Agricultural Science and Technology,2008(9):172-174(in Chinese).
[24]Soletchnik P,Faury N,Razet D,et al.Hydrobiology of the Marennes-Oléron bay.Seasonal indices and analysis of trends from 1978 to 1995[J].Hydrobiologia,1998,386(1-3):131-146.
[25]李云梦,郑侠飞,王岩,等.绍兴市凡纳滨对虾围垦滩涂养殖池塘的理化环境和浮游植物[J].渔业现代化,2017,44(6):1-8.Li Y M,Zheng X F,Wang Y,et al.Physicochemical environment and phytoplankton in Litopenarus vannamei ponds located in the diked tidal flat in Shaoxing city[J].Fishery Modernization,2017,44(6):1-8(in Chinese).
[26]刘乾甫,赖子尼,高原,等.珠江三角洲地区精养淡水鱼塘浮游植物功能群特征[J].中国水产科学,2018,25(1):124-136.Liu Q F,Lai Z N,Gao Y,et al.Characteristics of phytoplankton functional groups of intensive-culturing fishponds in the Pearl River Delta[J].Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2018,25(1):124-136(in Chinese).
[27]胡梦红,武震,周作强,等.鱼蚌混养对池塘水质、藻相结构及三角帆蚌生长的影响[J].水产学报,2014,38(2):200-207.Hu M H,Wu Z,Zhou Z Q,et al.The impact of polyculture of freshwater mussel on water quality,plankton community and mussel growth performance in ponds of silver carp and bighead carp[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2014,38(2):200-207(in Chinese).
[28]刘忠颖,李大成,王志松,等.滩涂与土池进行菲律宾蛤仔稚贝中间育成的效果比较[J].水产科学,2004,23(1):22-24.Liu Z Y,Li D C,Wang Z S,et al.Comparative study on culture of larval clam Ruditapes phillinarus in beaches and earthern ponds[J].Fisheries Science,2004,23(1):22-24(in Chinese).
[2]翁国新.菲律宾蛤仔大水面人工育苗技术[J].福建水产,2006,12(4):85-88.Weng G X.The Manila clam(Ruditapes philippinarum)artificial breeding technique in diked tidal flat[J].Journal of Fujian Fisheries,2006,12(4):85-88(in Chinese).
[3]李永仁,邢克智,郭永军,等.天津沿海菲律宾蛤仔人工育苗技术的初步研究[J].海洋通报,2012,31(3):320-323.Li Y R,Xing K Z,Guo Y J,et al.Study on the artificial breeding of Manila clam,Ruditapes philippinarum at Tianjin coast[J].Marine Science Bulletin,2012,31(3):320 -323(in Chinese).
[4]郭文,房慧,孙福新,等.菲律宾蛤仔室内常温育苗技术[J].齐鲁渔业,2002,19(8):42-44.Guo W,Fang H,Sun F X,et al.The Manila clam(Ruditapes philippinarum)indoor artificial breeding technique at room temperature[J].Shandong Fisheries,2002,19(8):42-44(in Chinese).
[5]张国清,杨玉香,梁维波,等.菲律宾蛤仔人工育苗技术[J].齐鲁渔业,2006,23(3):14-15.Zhang G Q,Yang Y X,Liang W B,et al.The Manila clam(Ruditapes philippinarum)artificial breeding technique[J].Shandong Fisheries,2006,23(3):14-15(in Chinese).
[6]刘慧,方建光,朱建新,等.菲律宾蛤仔高密度育苗技术[J].海洋水产研究,2005,26(6):28-33.Liu H,Fang J G,Zhu J X,et al.Techniques for highdensity artificial reproduction of Manila clam,Ruditapes philippinarum[J].Marine Fisheries Research,2005,26(6):28-33(in Chinese).
[7]任福海,刘吉明,杨辉,等.辽宁菲律宾蛤仔土池育苗存在的问题与对策[J].水产科学,2003,22(5):39-40.Ren F H,Liu J M,Yang H,et al.The problems and strategy on breeding of clam(Ruditapes philippinarum)in ponds in Liaoning Province[J].Fisheries Science,2003,22(5):39-40(in Chinese).
[8]卢敬让,李德尚,杨红生,等.海水池塘鱼贝施肥混养生态系中贝类与浮游生物的相互影响[J].水产学报,1997,21(2):158-164.Lu J R,Li D S,Yang H S,et al.Interactions between plankton and shellfish in fish-shellfish polyculture ecosystem of fertilized sea water pond[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,1997,21(2):158-164(in Chinese).
[9]徐晓津,吴成业,阎希柱,等.菲律宾蛤仔反季节高效生态养殖池中浮游植物生态特征研究[J].渔业科学进展,2010,31(6):60-68.Xu X J,Wu C Y,Yan X Z,et al.Study on the ecological characteristics of phytoplankton in an off-season high efficient and ecological culture pond of short neck clam Ruditapes philippinarum[J].Progress in Fishery Science,2010,31(6):60-68(in Chinese).
[10]Soletchnik P,Le Moine O,Goulletquer P,et al.Optimisation of the traditional Pacific cupped oyster(Crassostrea gigas Thunberg)culture on the French Atlantic coastline:autumnal fattening in semi-closed ponds[J].Aquaculture,2001,199(1-2):73-91.
[11]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局,中国国家标准化管理委员会.海洋监测规范第7部分:近海污染生态调查和生物监测:GB 17378.7-2007[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2008.General Administration of Quality Supervision,Inspection and Quarantine of the People’s Republic of China,Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China.The specification for marine monitoring-Part7:Ecological survey for offshore pollution and biological monitoring:GB 17378.7-2007[S].Beijing,Standards Press of China,2008(in Chinese).
[12]高杉,吴立新,姜志强,等.牙鲆和贝类混养池塘中氮、磷收支的研究[J].大连海洋大学学报,2011,26(3):203-208.Gao S,Wu L X,Jiang Z Q,et al.Nitrogen and phosphorus budgets in a pond with polyculture of Japanese flounder with shellfish[J].Journal of Dalian Ocean University,2011,26(3):203-208(in Chinese).
[13]张凯,田相利,董双林,等.三疣梭子蟹、凡纳滨对虾和菲律宾蛤仔混养系统氮磷收支的研究[J].中国海洋大学学报,2015,45(2):44-53.Zhang K,Tian X L,Dong S L,et al.Nitrogen and phosphorus budgets of polyculture system of Portunus trituberculatus,Litopenaeus vannamei and Ruditapes philippinarum[J].Periodical of Ocean University of China,2015,45(2):44-53(in Chinese).
[14]魏虎进,程飞,朱小明,等.以缢蛏为主的生态综合养殖池塘氮磷流转研究[J].厦门大学学报(自然科学版),2013,52(3):254-258.Wei J H,Cheng F,Zhu X M,et al.The budgets of nitrogen and phosphorus in the integrated multi-trophic aquaculture(IMTA)ponds[J].Journal of Xiamen University(Natural Science Edition),2013,52(3):254-258(in Chinese).
[15]张磊,杨淑芳,阎希柱,等.菲律宾蛤仔养殖池塘初级生产力的变化及其影响因子研究[J].渔业现代化,2015,42(5):18-23.Zhang L,Yang S F,Yan X Z,et al.Study on the variation and influencing factors of the primary production of Ruditapes philippinarum culture pond[J].Fishery Modernization,2015,42(5):18-23(in Chinese).
[16]闫喜武.菲律宾蛤仔养殖生物学、养殖技术与品种选育[D].青岛:中国科学院研究生院(海洋研究所),2005.Yan X W.The culture biology and technology and selective breeding in Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum[D].Qingdao:The Institute of Oceanology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,2005(in Chinese).
[17]Boyd C E.Practical aspects of chemistry in pond aquaculture[J].The Progressive Fish Culturist,1997,59:85-93.
[18]Jiang X L,Boyd C E.Relationship between organic carbon concentration and potential pond bottom soil respiration[J].Aquacultural Engineering,2006,35(2):147-151.
[19]彭斌.滨海盐场养殖池塘底质硫化物的变化及其与其它因子的关系[J].海洋湖沼通报,2008(3):155-160.Peng B.The variation of sulfide in culture ponds of Binhai saltern and relationship between sulfide and other factors[J].Transactions of Oceanology and Limnology,2008(3):155-160(in Chinese).
[20]陈皓文.海洋硫酸盐还原菌及其活动的经济重要性[J].黄渤海海洋,1998,16(4):64-74.Chen H W.Marine sulfate-reducing bacteria and the economic significances of their activity[J].Journal of Oceanography of Huanghai&Bohai Seas,1998,16(4):64-74(in Chinese).
[21]迟爽,刘海军,刘冉,等.刺参养殖池塘底泥理化指标和细菌数量变化的检测[J].渔业科学进展,2014,35(1):111-117.Chi S,Liu H J,Liu R,et al.Variation of physicochemical indices and bacterial numbers in sediment of Apostichopus japonicus culture ponds[J].Progress in Fishery Sciences,2014,35(1):111-117(in Chinese).
[22]王岩,齐振雄.不同养殖方式对海水实验围隔底泥中氮、磷和有机碳含量的影响[J].海洋科学,1999(4):1-3.Wang Y,Qi Z X.Effects of culture models on concentration of nitrogen,phosphorus and organic carbon in bottom soil from seawater experimental enclosures[J].Marine Sciences,1999(4):1-3(in Chinese).
[23]彭斌.虾贝混养池塘养殖环境中底质硫化物的研究[J].现代农业科技,2008(9):172-174.Peng B.Study on sediment sulfide in shrimp-shell polyculture ponds[J].Modern Agricultural Science and Technology,2008(9):172-174(in Chinese).
[24]Soletchnik P,Faury N,Razet D,et al.Hydrobiology of the Marennes-Oléron bay.Seasonal indices and analysis of trends from 1978 to 1995[J].Hydrobiologia,1998,386(1-3):131-146.
[25]李云梦,郑侠飞,王岩,等.绍兴市凡纳滨对虾围垦滩涂养殖池塘的理化环境和浮游植物[J].渔业现代化,2017,44(6):1-8.Li Y M,Zheng X F,Wang Y,et al.Physicochemical environment and phytoplankton in Litopenarus vannamei ponds located in the diked tidal flat in Shaoxing city[J].Fishery Modernization,2017,44(6):1-8(in Chinese).
[26]刘乾甫,赖子尼,高原,等.珠江三角洲地区精养淡水鱼塘浮游植物功能群特征[J].中国水产科学,2018,25(1):124-136.Liu Q F,Lai Z N,Gao Y,et al.Characteristics of phytoplankton functional groups of intensive-culturing fishponds in the Pearl River Delta[J].Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2018,25(1):124-136(in Chinese).
[27]胡梦红,武震,周作强,等.鱼蚌混养对池塘水质、藻相结构及三角帆蚌生长的影响[J].水产学报,2014,38(2):200-207.Hu M H,Wu Z,Zhou Z Q,et al.The impact of polyculture of freshwater mussel on water quality,plankton community and mussel growth performance in ponds of silver carp and bighead carp[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2014,38(2):200-207(in Chinese).
[28]刘忠颖,李大成,王志松,等.滩涂与土池进行菲律宾蛤仔稚贝中间育成的效果比较[J].水产科学,2004,23(1):22-24.Liu Z Y,Li D C,Wang Z S,et al.Comparative study on culture of larval clam Ruditapes phillinarus in beaches and earthern ponds[J].Fisheries Science,2004,23(1):22-24(in Chinese).
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |