总氨态氮对菲律宾蛤仔早期生长发育的影响
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摘要
为研究菲律宾蛤仔Ruditapes philippinarum早期发育阶段对总氨态氮(TAN)和非离子氨(UIA)的耐受性,在水温为21~24℃、pH为7.9~8.3、盐度为27~30条件下,开展了TAN对菲律宾蛤仔受精卵、D形幼虫(壳长为103.2μm±3.0μm)和稚贝(壳长为318.1μm±27.3μm)的急性毒性试验。结果表明:TAN对菲律宾蛤仔受精卵孵化率的24 h EC_(50)为7.29 mg/L(UIA浓度为0.502 mg/L);对D形幼虫死亡率的96 h LC_(50)为7.94 mg/L(UIA浓度为0.212 mg/L);对稚贝死亡率的96 h LC_(50)为49.0 mg/L(UIA浓度为2.10 mg/L),对稚贝壳长相对生长的96 h EC_(50)为4.9 mg/L(UIA浓度为0.21 mg/L);对稚贝壳高相对生长的96 h EC_(50)为10.5 mg/L(UIA浓度为0.448 mg/L);菲律宾蛤仔对TAN的耐受能力为稚贝>D形幼虫。研究表明,菲律宾蛤仔育苗期间非离子氨浓度控制在0.020 mg/L以内较好。
Acute toxicity test of total ammonia nitrogen( TAN) level( 0. 167-29. 6 mg/L,non-ionic ammonia,UIA,0.012-2.03 mg/L) on fertilized eggs,D-larvae with body length of( 103.2±3.0) μm and juveniles with body length of( 318.1±27.3) μm in Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum was conducted at water temperature of 21-24℃,p H 7.9-8.3,and a salinity of 27-30 in order to investigate the tolerance of Manila clam to TAN at early development. It was found that the 24 h effective concentration( EC_(50)) of TAN on hatching rate was 7.29 mg/L( UIA0.502 mg/L) in fertilized eggs and 96 h half lethal concentration( 96 h LC_(50)) was 7.94 mg/L( UIA 0.212 mg/L)for D-larvae and 49.0 mg/L( UIA 2.10 mg/L) for juveniles. The 96 h EC_(50) was 4.9 mg/L( UIA,0.21 mg/L) for relative growth of juveniles for shell length and 10.5 mg/L( UIA 0.448 mg/L) for shell height. The order of tolerance of Manila clam to ammonia nitrogen level was expressed as juvenile> D-larvae,suggesting that UIA should be controlled at below 0.020 mg/L during breeding.
Acute toxicity test of total ammonia nitrogen( TAN) level( 0. 167-29. 6 mg/L,non-ionic ammonia,UIA,0.012-2.03 mg/L) on fertilized eggs,D-larvae with body length of( 103.2±3.0) μm and juveniles with body length of( 318.1±27.3) μm in Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum was conducted at water temperature of 21-24℃,p H 7.9-8.3,and a salinity of 27-30 in order to investigate the tolerance of Manila clam to TAN at early development. It was found that the 24 h effective concentration( EC_(50)) of TAN on hatching rate was 7.29 mg/L( UIA0.502 mg/L) in fertilized eggs and 96 h half lethal concentration( 96 h LC_(50)) was 7.94 mg/L( UIA 0.212 mg/L)for D-larvae and 49.0 mg/L( UIA 2.10 mg/L) for juveniles. The 96 h EC_(50) was 4.9 mg/L( UIA,0.21 mg/L) for relative growth of juveniles for shell length and 10.5 mg/L( UIA 0.448 mg/L) for shell height. The order of tolerance of Manila clam to ammonia nitrogen level was expressed as juvenile> D-larvae,suggesting that UIA should be controlled at below 0.020 mg/L during breeding.
引文
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[8]杨东敏,张艳丽,丁鉴锋,等.两种壳色文蛤壳形态性状对活体质量的影响[J].大连海洋大学学报,2017,32(3):302-309.
[9]孙谦,段强,桑士田,等.菲律宾蛤仔选育家系间杂交的Kung育种值及配合力分析[J].大连海洋大学学报,2017,32(4):381-386.
[10]张跃环,闫喜武,姚托,等.菲律宾蛤仔2个壳色品系群体杂交的研究[J].南方水产,2008,4(3):27-32.
[11]Ferretti J A,Calesso D F.Toxicity of ammonia to surf clam(Spisula solidissima)larvae in saltwater and sediment elutriates[J].Marine Environmental Research,2011,71(3):189-194.
[12]杨凤,高悦勉,苏延明,等.海湾扇贝幼贝对p H和氨态氮的耐受性研究[J].大连水产学院学报,1999,14(3):13-18.
[13]师尚丽,冯奕成,郑莲,等.不同p H和盐度下氨氮对方斑东风螺的毒性研究[J].湛江海洋大学学报,2005,25(6):36-40.
[14]罗杰,杜涛,刘楚吾,等.不同盐度、p H条件下氨氮对管角螺稚贝毒性影响[J].动物学杂志,2010,45(3):102-109.
[15]栾红兵,兰锡禄.氨氮对海湾扇贝幼体的毒性试验[J].海洋科学,1990(1):64-65.
[16]谭烨辉,杨凤,雷衍之.总氨、亚硝酸氮及养鲍污水对皱纹盘鲍生长的影响[J].大连水产学院学报,2003,18(3):204-209.
[17]Reddy-Lopata K,Auerswald L,Cook P.Ammonia toxicity and its effect on the growth of the South African abalone Haliotis midae Linnaeus[J].Aquaculture,2006,261(2):678-687.
[18]Wang H,Liu J H,Yang H S,et al.Effect of simultaneous variation in temperature and ammonia concentration on percent fertilization and hatching in Crassostrea ariakensis[J].Journal of Thermal Biology,2014,41:43-49.
[19]吕永林,张永普,单赛赛,等.不同温度条件下氨氮对泥蚶的急性毒性影响[J].浙江海洋学院学报:自然科学版,2012,31(1):54-58,64.
[20]雷衍之.养殖水环境化学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2004.
[21]袁洪梅,杨长奎,杨凤,等.总氨态氮对海湾扇贝幼体存活和生长的影响[J].大连海洋大学学报,2017,32(3):268-274.
[22]张焕,宋国斌,齐晓陆,等.p H和氨氮对魁蚶稚贝生长与存活的影响[J].中国农业信息,2013(7S):139-140.
[23]张永普,肖国强,林立祝,等.p H和氨氮对橄榄蚶耐受性的影响[J].四川动物,2009,28(1):73-76.
[24]Epifanio C E,Srna R F.Toxicity of ammonia,nitrite ion,nitrate ion,and orthophosphate to Mercenaria mercenaria and Crassostrea virginica[J].Marine Biology,1975,33(3):241-246.
[25]王晔.p H、氨态氮和亚硝酸态氮对日本海神蛤Panopea japonica早期发育和生长的影响[D].大连:大连海洋大学,2016.
[26]方军,闫茂仓,张炯明,等.p H和氨氮对毛蚶稚贝生长与存活影响的初步研究[J].浙江海洋学院学报:自然科学版,2008,27(3):281-285.
[27]国家环境保护局.GB 11607-1989渔业水质标准[S].北京:中国标准出版社,1990.
[2]梁兴明,方建光.胶州湾菲律宾蛤仔的性腺发育[J].海洋水产研究,1998,19(1):18-23.
[3]齐秋贞,林笔水,吴天明,等.菲律宾蛤仔室内催产研究——阴干、氨海水和性诱导法[J].水产学报,1981,5(3):235-243.
[4]庄启谦.中国动物志:软体动物门:双壳纲:帘蛤科[M].北京:科学出版社,2001:171-182.
[5]林笔水,吴天明,黄炳章.温度和盐度对菲律宾蛤仔稚贝生长及发育的影响[J].水产学报,1983,7(1):15-23.
[6]何进金,齐秋贞,韦信敏,等.菲律宾蛤仔幼虫食料和食性的研究[J].水产学报,1981,5(4):275-284.
[7]Yan X W,Zhang G F,Yang F.Effects of diet,stocking density,and environmental factors on growth,survival,and metamorphosis of Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum larvae[J].Aquaculture,2006,253(1-4):350-358.
[8]杨东敏,张艳丽,丁鉴锋,等.两种壳色文蛤壳形态性状对活体质量的影响[J].大连海洋大学学报,2017,32(3):302-309.
[9]孙谦,段强,桑士田,等.菲律宾蛤仔选育家系间杂交的Kung育种值及配合力分析[J].大连海洋大学学报,2017,32(4):381-386.
[10]张跃环,闫喜武,姚托,等.菲律宾蛤仔2个壳色品系群体杂交的研究[J].南方水产,2008,4(3):27-32.
[11]Ferretti J A,Calesso D F.Toxicity of ammonia to surf clam(Spisula solidissima)larvae in saltwater and sediment elutriates[J].Marine Environmental Research,2011,71(3):189-194.
[12]杨凤,高悦勉,苏延明,等.海湾扇贝幼贝对p H和氨态氮的耐受性研究[J].大连水产学院学报,1999,14(3):13-18.
[13]师尚丽,冯奕成,郑莲,等.不同p H和盐度下氨氮对方斑东风螺的毒性研究[J].湛江海洋大学学报,2005,25(6):36-40.
[14]罗杰,杜涛,刘楚吾,等.不同盐度、p H条件下氨氮对管角螺稚贝毒性影响[J].动物学杂志,2010,45(3):102-109.
[15]栾红兵,兰锡禄.氨氮对海湾扇贝幼体的毒性试验[J].海洋科学,1990(1):64-65.
[16]谭烨辉,杨凤,雷衍之.总氨、亚硝酸氮及养鲍污水对皱纹盘鲍生长的影响[J].大连水产学院学报,2003,18(3):204-209.
[17]Reddy-Lopata K,Auerswald L,Cook P.Ammonia toxicity and its effect on the growth of the South African abalone Haliotis midae Linnaeus[J].Aquaculture,2006,261(2):678-687.
[18]Wang H,Liu J H,Yang H S,et al.Effect of simultaneous variation in temperature and ammonia concentration on percent fertilization and hatching in Crassostrea ariakensis[J].Journal of Thermal Biology,2014,41:43-49.
[19]吕永林,张永普,单赛赛,等.不同温度条件下氨氮对泥蚶的急性毒性影响[J].浙江海洋学院学报:自然科学版,2012,31(1):54-58,64.
[20]雷衍之.养殖水环境化学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2004.
[21]袁洪梅,杨长奎,杨凤,等.总氨态氮对海湾扇贝幼体存活和生长的影响[J].大连海洋大学学报,2017,32(3):268-274.
[22]张焕,宋国斌,齐晓陆,等.p H和氨氮对魁蚶稚贝生长与存活的影响[J].中国农业信息,2013(7S):139-140.
[23]张永普,肖国强,林立祝,等.p H和氨氮对橄榄蚶耐受性的影响[J].四川动物,2009,28(1):73-76.
[24]Epifanio C E,Srna R F.Toxicity of ammonia,nitrite ion,nitrate ion,and orthophosphate to Mercenaria mercenaria and Crassostrea virginica[J].Marine Biology,1975,33(3):241-246.
[25]王晔.p H、氨态氮和亚硝酸态氮对日本海神蛤Panopea japonica早期发育和生长的影响[D].大连:大连海洋大学,2016.
[26]方军,闫茂仓,张炯明,等.p H和氨氮对毛蚶稚贝生长与存活影响的初步研究[J].浙江海洋学院学报:自然科学版,2008,27(3):281-285.
[27]国家环境保护局.GB 11607-1989渔业水质标准[S].北京:中国标准出版社,1990.
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