重金属暴露对婴幼儿和儿童肠道菌群的影响及肠道菌群与相关疾病关系的研究进展
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摘要
伴随我国工业化进程的快速发展,环境中重金属污染对人群健康产生的危害受到广泛关注。越来越多的研究发现重金属可改变宿主肠道菌群的组成及其多样性,打破肠道内菌群比例,影响机体的代谢活动从而对人体健康产生各种影响。婴幼儿和儿童阶段是快速生长发育期以及建立肠道微生物群的关键期,其肠道菌群受重金属暴露的毒性影响更加明显。大量研究表明肠道菌群失调与儿童免疫性疾病、肥胖及自闭症等的发生发展密切相关,提示肠道菌群的紊乱可影响儿童后期的健康成长。本文就铅、砷、镉、汞等重金属暴露对婴幼儿和儿童肠道菌群影响的研究及肠道菌群与婴幼儿和儿童疾病的关系进行综述,为今后深入探讨重金属影响人群健康的损害的机制研究提供方向。
With the rapid development of industrialization, the harmful effects of heave metalpollution on public health have drawn wide attention. More and more studies have shown thatheavy metals can significantly change the composition and diversity of host's intestinal flora,break the proportion of intestinal flora, affect the metabolic activities of the body, and thus havevarious effects on human health. In particular, infancy and childhood are critical for rapid growthand development and the establishment of intestinal microbiota, and the toxic effects of heavymetals to their intestinal flora are more obvious. A large number of studies have shown that thedisorder of intestinal flora is closely related to the occurrence and development of children'simmune diseases, obesity, and autism, suggesting that the disorder of intestinal flora can affectchildren's later healthy growth. This paper reviewed studies on the effects of exposure to heavymetals including lead, arsenic, cadmium, and mercury on the intestinal flora of infants and children,as well as the associations between intestinal flora and pediatric diseases, aiming to provide adirection for further research on the mechanism of negative health impacts by heavy metals.
With the rapid development of industrialization, the harmful effects of heave metalpollution on public health have drawn wide attention. More and more studies have shown thatheavy metals can significantly change the composition and diversity of host's intestinal flora,break the proportion of intestinal flora, affect the metabolic activities of the body, and thus havevarious effects on human health. In particular, infancy and childhood are critical for rapid growthand development and the establishment of intestinal microbiota, and the toxic effects of heavymetals to their intestinal flora are more obvious. A large number of studies have shown that thedisorder of intestinal flora is closely related to the occurrence and development of children'simmune diseases, obesity, and autism, suggesting that the disorder of intestinal flora can affectchildren's later healthy growth. This paper reviewed studies on the effects of exposure to heavymetals including lead, arsenic, cadmium, and mercury on the intestinal flora of infants and children,as well as the associations between intestinal flora and pediatric diseases, aiming to provide adirection for further research on the mechanism of negative health impacts by heavy metals.
引文
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[13]GAO B,BIAN X,MAHBUB R,et al.Sex-specific effects of organophosphate diazinon on the gut microbiome and its metabolic functions[J].Environ Health Perspect,2017,125(2):198-206.
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[16]BISANZ J E,ENOS M K,MWANGA J R,et al.Randomized open-label pilot study of the influence of probiotics and the gut microbiome on toxic metal levels in Tanzanian pregnant women and school children[J].mBio,2014,5(5):e01580-14.
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[20]DONG X,SHULZHENKO N,LEMAITRE J,et al.Arsenic exposure and intestinal microbiota in children from Sirajdikhan,Bangladesh[J].PLoS One,2017,12(12):e0188487.
[21]TINKOV A A,GRITSENKO V A,SKALNAYA M G,et al.Gut as a target for cadmium toxicity[J].Environ Pollut,2018,235:429-434.
[22]JAFARPOUR D,SHEKARFOROUSH S S,GHAISARI H R,et al.Impact of synbiotic diets including inulin,Bacillus coagulans and Lactobacillus plantarum on intestinal microflora of rat exposed to cadmium and mercury[J].Veterinary Sci Dev,2015,5(2):130-135.
[23]BRETON J,MASSART S,VANDAMME P,et al.Ecotoxicology inside the gut,impact of heavy metals on the mouse microbiome[J].BMC Pharmacol Toxicol,2013,14:62.
[24]LIU Y,LI Y,LIU K,et al.Exposing to cadmium stress cause profound toxic effect on microbiota of the mice intestinal tract[J].PLoS One,2014,9(2):e85323.
[25]KIM E,XU X,STEINER H,et al.Chronic ingestion of low doses of cadmium alters the gut microbiome and immune homeostasis to enhance allergic sensitization(MUC9P.743)[J/OL].J Immunol,2015,194(1S)[2018-05-20].http://www.jimmunol.org/content/194/1_Supplement/205.7.
[26]RICHARDSON J B,DANCY B C,HORTON C L,et al.Exposure to toxic metals triggers unique responses from the rat gut microbiota[J].Sci Rep,2018,8:6578.
[27]BRETON J,LE CLèRE K,DANIEL C,et al.Chronic ingestion of cadmium and lead alters the bioavailability of essential and heavy metals,gene expression pathways and genotoxicity in mouse intestine[J].Arch Toxicol,2013,87(10):1787-1795.
[28]KARAGAS M R,CHOI A L,OKEN E,et al.Evidence on the human health effects of low-level methylmercury exposure[J].Environ Health Perspect,2012,120(6):799-806.
[29]VONK J W,SIJPESTEIJN A K.Studies on the methylation of mercuric chloride by pure cultures of bacteria and fungi[J].Antonie Leeuwenh,1973,39(3):505-513.
[30]ROTHENBERG S E,KEISER S,AJAMI N J,et al.The role of gut microbiota in fetal methylmercury exposure,Insights from a pilot study[J].Toxicol Lett,2016,242:60-67.
[31]张进.铜和汞对小鼠盲肠、直肠微生物多样性的影响[D].南昌,江西农业大学,2017.
[32]MAHBUB K R,SUBASHCHANDRABOSE S R,KRISHNAN K,et al.Mercury alters the bacterial community structure and diversity in soil even at concentrations lower than the guideline values[J].Appl Microbiol Biotechnol,2017,101(5):2163-2175.
[33]ADAMS J B,ROMDALVIK J,RAMANUJAM V M,et al.Mercury,lead,and zinc in baby teeth of children with autism versus controls[J].J Toxicol Environ Health A,2007,70(12):1046-1051.
[34]EL-ANSARY A,BJ?RKLUND G,TINKOV A A,et al.Relationship between selenium,lead,and mercury in red blood cells of Saudi autistic children[J].Metab Brain Dis,2017,32(4):1073-1080.
[35]MOHAMED F B,ZAKY E A,EL-SAYED A B,et al.Assessment of hair aluminum,lead,and mercury in a sample of autistic Egyptian children,environmental risk factors of heavy metals in autism[J].Behav Neurol,2015,2015:545674.
[36]YASSA H A.Autism,a form of lead and mercury toxicity[J].Environ Toxicol Pharmacol,2014,38(3):1016-1024.
[37]GOLDSMITH J R,SARTOR R B.The role of diet on intestinal microbiota metabolism,downstream impacts on host immune function and health,and therapeutic implications[J].J Gastroenterol,2014,49(5):785-798.
[38]LEE T,CLAVEL T,SMIRNOV K,et al.Oral versus intravenous iron replacement therapy distinctly alters the gut microbiota and metabolome in patients with IBD[J].Gut,2017,66(5):863-871.
[39]ZIMMERMANN M B,CHASSARD C,ROHNER F,et al.The effects of iron fortification on the gut microbiota in African children,a randomized controlled trial in C?te d'Ivoire[J].Am J Clin Nutr,2010,92(6):1406-1415.
[40]姜懿宸.过量铁摄入对大鼠肠道黏膜及肠道菌群影响的研究[D].青岛,青岛大学,2017.
[41]CHI L,GAO B,BIAN X,et al.Manganese-induced sexspecific gut microbiome perturbations in C57BL/6 mice[J].Toxicol Appl Pharmacol,2017,331:142-153.
[42]郑跃杰.肠道菌群功能研究进展[J].中国儿童保健杂志,2017,25(6):541-543.
[43]WU S,JIN C,WANG Y,et al.Exposure to the fungicide propamocarb causes gut microbiota dysbiosis and metabolic disorder in mice[J].Environ Pollut,2018,237:775-783.
[44]WANG W,CHEN L,ZHOU R,et al.Increased proportions of Bifidobacterium and the Lactobacillus group and loss of butyrate-producing bacteria in inflammatory bowel disease[J].J Clin Microbiol,2014,52(2):398-406.
[45]HIRATA S I,KUNISAWA J.Gut microbiome,metabolome,and allergic diseases[J].Allergol Int,2017,66(4):523-528.
[46]ROOKS M G,GARRETT W S.Gut microbiota,metabolites and host immunity[J].Nat Rev Immunol,2016,16(6):341-352.
[47]DOWDS C M,BLUMBERG R S,ZEISSIG S.Control of intestinal homeostasis through crosstalk between natural killer T cells and the intestinal microbiota[J].Clin Immunol,2015,159(2):128-133.
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