临兴上古生界致密储层裂缝发育特征及对致密气富集影响
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摘要
临兴区块上古生界储集层为致密砂岩,裂缝发育特征及对致密气富集影响尚不清楚,一定程度上制约了甜点区预测。根据岩心、露头、薄片及测井资料,分析了研究区裂缝发育特征,探讨了裂缝对致密砂岩气富集的影响。临兴区块上古生界主要发育高角度缝,其次为中低角度缝及水平缝,微观上根据裂缝与矿物颗粒的相对位置关系,可识别出粒内缝、粒缘缝和穿粒缝,其中粒缘缝最为发育。受塑性泥岩阻挡,裂缝垂向延伸较差,一般延伸1～2 m后消失于泥岩层中,受燕山期北西—南东向地应力影响,裂缝走向多为北东—南西向,裂缝密度一般2～5条/m。裂缝可改善储集空间、提高油气充注效率,储层裂缝发育区渗透率可增大1～2个数量级,含气饱和度高,此外,研究区裂缝是油气垂向运移的有效通道,影响着石盒子组及石千峰组致密气的富集,在后期的勘探开发过程中应充分寻找裂缝发育区,并通过进一步压裂获得高产。
The Upper Paleozoic reservoirs in the Linxing block, Ordos Basin, were tight sandstones. Fractures characteristics and its effects on gas accumulation were unclear. This limited the prediction of sweet spots in the region. Based on the data and analyses of outcrop, core, thin section and well logging, the development characteristics of the fractures in the study area was analyzed, and their effects on tight gas accumulation were discussed. Results show that the Upper Paleozoic reservoirs of the Linxing block mainly developed high-angle fractures, followed by mid-low-angle and horizontal fractures. According to the relationship between fractures and mineral grains, the intragranular fractures, the grain-edged fractures and grain-crossed fractures could be identified microscopically, of which the grain-edged fractures were the most developed. Influenced by the plastic mudstones, vertical extension of the fracture was poor, and thus the fractures usually disappeared in the mudstones after stretching one to two meters. Due to the northwest-southeast ground stress in the Yanshanian period, the fracture strike was mostly northeast-southwest in trending, and the fracture density was two to five every meter. The fractures could improve the reservoir's porosity and gas filling efficiency. In the fracture areas, permeability can be increased by one to two orders of magnitude and gas saturation is higher. In addition, the fractures were the effective pathway of gas migration and affected the enrichment of tight sandstone gas. In the future exploration and development, the fracture-developed area should be fully explored and further fracturing should be carried out to obtain higher production.period.
The Upper Paleozoic reservoirs in the Linxing block, Ordos Basin, were tight sandstones. Fractures characteristics and its effects on gas accumulation were unclear. This limited the prediction of sweet spots in the region. Based on the data and analyses of outcrop, core, thin section and well logging, the development characteristics of the fractures in the study area was analyzed, and their effects on tight gas accumulation were discussed. Results show that the Upper Paleozoic reservoirs of the Linxing block mainly developed high-angle fractures, followed by mid-low-angle and horizontal fractures. According to the relationship between fractures and mineral grains, the intragranular fractures, the grain-edged fractures and grain-crossed fractures could be identified microscopically, of which the grain-edged fractures were the most developed. Influenced by the plastic mudstones, vertical extension of the fracture was poor, and thus the fractures usually disappeared in the mudstones after stretching one to two meters. Due to the northwest-southeast ground stress in the Yanshanian period, the fracture strike was mostly northeast-southwest in trending, and the fracture density was two to five every meter. The fractures could improve the reservoir's porosity and gas filling efficiency. In the fracture areas, permeability can be increased by one to two orders of magnitude and gas saturation is higher. In addition, the fractures were the effective pathway of gas migration and affected the enrichment of tight sandstone gas. In the future exploration and development, the fracture-developed area should be fully explored and further fracturing should be carried out to obtain higher production.period.
引文
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傅宁,杨树春,贺清,等.2016.鄂尔多斯盆地东缘临兴-神府区块致密砂岩气高效成藏条件[J].石油学报,37(增1):111-120.
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于璇,侯贵廷,能源,等.2016.库车坳陷构造裂缝发育特征及分布规律[J].高校地质学报,22(4):644-656.
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严永新,张永华,陈祥,等.2013.微地震技术在裂缝监测中的应用研究[J].地学前缘,20(3):270-274.
张海锋,张毅,王文升,等.2017.鄂尔多斯盆地东缘临兴区块煤系多目标储层构造裂缝定量预测[J].中国煤炭地质,29(3):28-36.
周新桂,张林炎,范昆.2006.油气盆地低渗透储层裂缝预测研究现状及进展[J].地质评论,52(6):777-782.
张奎华,冯建伟,戴俊生.2013.深层砂泥岩储层继承性裂缝发育特征[J].地质力学学报,19(2):214-224.
张莉.2003.陕甘宁盆地储层裂缝特征及形成的构造应力场分析[J].地质科技情报,22(2):21-24.
张晓峰,潘保芝.2012.二维小波变换在成像测井识别裂缝中的应用研究[J].石油地球物理勘探,47(1):173-176.
Aguilera R.2008.Role of natural fractures and slot porosity on tight gas sands[C]//SPE 114174.Presented at the 2008.SPE Unconventional Reservoirs Conference.Keystone,Colorado,USA:Society of Petroleum Engineers:1-15.
Tao Q F,Ghassemi A and Ehlig-Economides C A.2011.A fully coupled method to model fracture permeability change in naturally fractured reservoirs[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics&Mining Sciences,48(2):259-268.
Shanley K W,Cluff R M and Robinson J W.2004.Factors controlling prolific gas production from low-permeability sandstone reservoirs:Implications for resource assessment,prospect development,and risk analysis[J].AAPG B ulletin,88(8):1083-1121.
Zeng L B.2010.Microfracturing in the Upper Triassic Sichuan Basin tight-gas sandstones:Tectonic,overpressure,and diageneticorigins[J].AAPG Bulletin,94(12):1811-1825.
陈晓智,庞雄奇,邵新荷,等.2018.鄂尔多斯盆地临兴A地区下石盒子组致密砂岩气成藏条件[J].地质科技情报,37(1):169-175.
邓虎成,周文,周秋媚,等.2013.新场气田须二气藏天然裂缝有效性定量表征方法及应用[J].岩石学报,29(3):1097-1096.
傅宁,杨树春,贺清,等.2016.鄂尔多斯盆地东缘临兴-神府区块致密砂岩气高效成藏条件[J].石油学报,37(增1):111-120.
范俊佳.2013.库车坳陷致密砂岩气渗流聚集机制[D].北京:中国石油勘探开发研究院:105-107.
刘新社,任德生,候云东,等.2017.鄂尔多斯盆地天环坳陷北段上古生界裂缝特征及对气水分布的影响[J].地质力学学报,23(5):646-653.
刘喜杰,马遵敬,韩冬,等.2018.鄂尔多斯盆地东缘临兴区块致密砂岩优质储层形成的主控因素[J].天然气地球科学,29(4):481-490.
李夏,林玉祥,赵承锦,等.2018.临兴地区砂岩含气特征及其主控因素[J].山东科技大学学报(自然科学版),37(1):111-118.
卢慧,鲁雪松,范俊佳,等.2015.裂缝对致密砂岩气成藏富集与高产的控制作用——以库车前陆盆地东部侏罗系迪北气藏为例[J].天然气地球科学,26(6):1047-1056.
孙石明.2018.鄂尔多斯盆地东部上古生界裂缝发育特征及构造应力场分析[D].西安:长安大学:33-39.
万永平,王根厚,归榕,等.2013.陕北斜坡上古生界构造裂缝及其天然气成藏意义[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学学报),43(1):28-37.
万永平,李园园,梁晓.2010.基于流体包裹体的储层微裂缝研究:以陕北斜坡上古生界为例[J].地质与勘探,46(4):711-715.
魏红兴,谢亚妮,莫涛,等.2015.迪北气藏致密砂岩储集层裂缝发育特征及其对气藏的控制作用[J].新疆石油地质,36(6):702-707.
谢英刚,秦勇,叶建平,等.2016.临兴地区上古生界煤系致密砂岩气成藏条件分析[J].煤炭学报,41(1):181-191.
徐黎明,周立发,张义楷,等.2006.鄂尔多斯盆地构造应力场特征及其构造背景[J].大地构造与成矿学,30(4):455-462.
于璇,侯贵廷,能源,等.2016.库车坳陷构造裂缝发育特征及分布规律[J].高校地质学报,22(4):644-656.
杨永恒,杨兴科.2007.紫金山岩体的热力构造类型、期次及其对鄂尔多斯盆地东缘多种能源矿产的影响作用[J].地球学报,28(6):620-626.
严永新,张永华,陈祥,等.2013.微地震技术在裂缝监测中的应用研究[J].地学前缘,20(3):270-274.
张海锋,张毅,王文升,等.2017.鄂尔多斯盆地东缘临兴区块煤系多目标储层构造裂缝定量预测[J].中国煤炭地质,29(3):28-36.
周新桂,张林炎,范昆.2006.油气盆地低渗透储层裂缝预测研究现状及进展[J].地质评论,52(6):777-782.
张奎华,冯建伟,戴俊生.2013.深层砂泥岩储层继承性裂缝发育特征[J].地质力学学报,19(2):214-224.
张莉.2003.陕甘宁盆地储层裂缝特征及形成的构造应力场分析[J].地质科技情报,22(2):21-24.
张晓峰,潘保芝.2012.二维小波变换在成像测井识别裂缝中的应用研究[J].石油地球物理勘探,47(1):173-176.
Aguilera R.2008.Role of natural fractures and slot porosity on tight gas sands[C]//SPE 114174.Presented at the 2008.SPE Unconventional Reservoirs Conference.Keystone,Colorado,USA:Society of Petroleum Engineers:1-15.
Tao Q F,Ghassemi A and Ehlig-Economides C A.2011.A fully coupled method to model fracture permeability change in naturally fractured reservoirs[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics&Mining Sciences,48(2):259-268.
Shanley K W,Cluff R M and Robinson J W.2004.Factors controlling prolific gas production from low-permeability sandstone reservoirs:Implications for resource assessment,prospect development,and risk analysis[J].AAPG B ulletin,88(8):1083-1121.
Zeng L B.2010.Microfracturing in the Upper Triassic Sichuan Basin tight-gas sandstones:Tectonic,overpressure,and diageneticorigins[J].AAPG Bulletin,94(12):1811-1825.
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