海滩养护和修复工程的动态平衡滨线设计研究——以浙江省苍南县炎亭湾海滩修复工程设计为例
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摘要
以浙江省苍南县炎亭湾海滩修复为例,基于"CERC"的沿岸输沙率计算公式,建立了一套依据工程区近滨波浪场分布进行动态平衡滨线设计的方法,包括独立输沙单元海滩和非独立输沙单元海滩2种滨线形态设计方法.研究发现:在海滩养护和修复工程中,依据动态平衡滨线设计方法对滨线走向进行科学论证是十分必要的;独立输沙单元的海滩可以视为沿岸输沙率为零的非独立输沙单元的海滩,前者海滩平衡滨线的布设是后者平衡滨线布设的一种特例;相较于"静态岬湾海滩概念(SBBC)"模型,本研究提出的动态平衡滨线设计方法更具优势,该方法可用于大多数海滩的平面形态设计.
The plan of the dynamic equilibrium shoreline for a new beach is a key technique in beach nourishment and restoration. The Wave Energy Flow Method based on the equation of CERC is used to calculate the longshore sediment transport rate in this paper. By using this theory,a set of processes and a new model for relevant mathematical calculation,including dynamic equilibrium shoreline computational processes and layout method of an independent sediment transport unit and an non-independent one(one end sand in,and the other sand out) are established,taking the plan of the beach nourishment in Yanting Bay,Cangnan County,Zhejiang Province as an example. Compared with the dynamic equilibrium conceptual model and the static bay beach concept(SBBC) model,the plan of the dynamic equilibrium shoreline for beach nourishment and restoration is more suitable and realistic to the actual sediment transport of general sandy beach. It is of wide applicability.
The plan of the dynamic equilibrium shoreline for a new beach is a key technique in beach nourishment and restoration. The Wave Energy Flow Method based on the equation of CERC is used to calculate the longshore sediment transport rate in this paper. By using this theory,a set of processes and a new model for relevant mathematical calculation,including dynamic equilibrium shoreline computational processes and layout method of an independent sediment transport unit and an non-independent one(one end sand in,and the other sand out) are established,taking the plan of the beach nourishment in Yanting Bay,Cangnan County,Zhejiang Province as an example. Compared with the dynamic equilibrium conceptual model and the static bay beach concept(SBBC) model,the plan of the dynamic equilibrium shoreline for beach nourishment and restoration is more suitable and realistic to the actual sediment transport of general sandy beach. It is of wide applicability.
引文
[1]雷刚,刘根,蔡锋.厦门岛会展中心海滩养护及其对我国海岸防护的启示[J].应用海洋学学报,2013,32(3):305-315.
[2]Bagnold R A.Beach formation by wave:some model experiments in a wave tank[J].Journal of the Institution of Civil Engineers,1940,15:27-52.
[3]Wright L D,Short A D.Morphodynamic variability of surf zones and beaches:a synthesis[J].Marine Geology,1984,56(1/4):93-118.
[4]Komar P D.Beach processes and sedimentation[M].2.New Jersey:Prentice Hall Press,1998.
[5]US Army Corps of Engineers(USACE).Coastal engineering manul(CEM)[M].Washington D C:US Army Corps of Engineers,2008.
[6]Verhagen H J.Analysis of beach nourishment schemes[J].Journal of Coastal Research,1996,12(1):179-185.
[7]Dean R G.Beach nourishment theory and practice[M].New Jersey:World Scientific Publishing Co.Pte.Ltd,2002.
[8]Campbell T J,Benedel L.Beach nourishment magnitude and trends in the US[J].Journal of Coastal Research,2004,S39:57-64.
[9]Hamm L,Capobianco M,Dette H H,et al.A summary of European experience with shore nourishment[J].Coastal Engineering,2002,47(2):237-264.
[10]庄振业,曹立华,李兵,等.我国海滩养护现状[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2011,31(3):133-139.
[11]Coburn A S.Beach nourishment in the United States[C]//Cooper J A,Pilkey O H.Pitfalls of shoreline stabilization(setecled case studies).Florida:Coastal Research Library,2012:105-119.
[12]庄振业,杨燕雄,刘会欣.环渤海砂质岸侵蚀和海滩养护[J].海洋地质前沿,2013,29(2):1-9.
[13]庄振业,马莹,刘修锦,等.基岩陡斜岸养滩的负面作用和对策(案例分析)[J].海洋地质前沿,2014,30(3):16-25.
[14]莫文渊,纪桂红,谢琳,等.三亚三美湾和鹿回头湾人工海滩设计[J].海洋地质前沿,2014,30(3):34-37
[15]Hsu J R C,Silvester R,Xia Y M.New characteristics of equilibrium shaped bays[C]//Barton A C T.Eighth australasian conference on coastal and ocean engineering,Preprints of Papers.launceston:Institution of Engineers,1987:142-146.
[16]Hsu J R C,Evans C.Parabolic bay shapes and applications[C]//Maritime Engineering Group.Proceedings of the institution of civil engineers,part 2.London:Paper 9477,1989,87(4):557-570.
[17]Hsu J R C,Silvester R,Xia Y M.Generalities on static equilibrium bays[J].Coastal Engineering,1989a,12:353-369.
[18]Hsu J R C,Silvester R,Xia Y M.Static equilibrium bays:new relationships[J].Journal of Waterway,Port,Coastal and Ocean Engineering,American Society of Civil Engineers,1989b,115(3):285-298.
[19]Klein A H F,Vargas A,Raabe A L A,et al.Visual assessment of bayed beach stability using computer software[J].Computer&Geosciences,2003,29:1 249-1 257.
[20]Medina R,Gonzalez.An integrated coastal modeling system for analyzing beach process and beach restoration project,SMC[J].Computer&Geosciences,2007,33:916-931.
[21]交通运输部水运局.JTS 145—2015港口与航道水文规范[S].北京:人民交通出版社,2016:43-45.
[2]Bagnold R A.Beach formation by wave:some model experiments in a wave tank[J].Journal of the Institution of Civil Engineers,1940,15:27-52.
[3]Wright L D,Short A D.Morphodynamic variability of surf zones and beaches:a synthesis[J].Marine Geology,1984,56(1/4):93-118.
[4]Komar P D.Beach processes and sedimentation[M].2.New Jersey:Prentice Hall Press,1998.
[5]US Army Corps of Engineers(USACE).Coastal engineering manul(CEM)[M].Washington D C:US Army Corps of Engineers,2008.
[6]Verhagen H J.Analysis of beach nourishment schemes[J].Journal of Coastal Research,1996,12(1):179-185.
[7]Dean R G.Beach nourishment theory and practice[M].New Jersey:World Scientific Publishing Co.Pte.Ltd,2002.
[8]Campbell T J,Benedel L.Beach nourishment magnitude and trends in the US[J].Journal of Coastal Research,2004,S39:57-64.
[9]Hamm L,Capobianco M,Dette H H,et al.A summary of European experience with shore nourishment[J].Coastal Engineering,2002,47(2):237-264.
[10]庄振业,曹立华,李兵,等.我国海滩养护现状[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2011,31(3):133-139.
[11]Coburn A S.Beach nourishment in the United States[C]//Cooper J A,Pilkey O H.Pitfalls of shoreline stabilization(setecled case studies).Florida:Coastal Research Library,2012:105-119.
[12]庄振业,杨燕雄,刘会欣.环渤海砂质岸侵蚀和海滩养护[J].海洋地质前沿,2013,29(2):1-9.
[13]庄振业,马莹,刘修锦,等.基岩陡斜岸养滩的负面作用和对策(案例分析)[J].海洋地质前沿,2014,30(3):16-25.
[14]莫文渊,纪桂红,谢琳,等.三亚三美湾和鹿回头湾人工海滩设计[J].海洋地质前沿,2014,30(3):34-37
[15]Hsu J R C,Silvester R,Xia Y M.New characteristics of equilibrium shaped bays[C]//Barton A C T.Eighth australasian conference on coastal and ocean engineering,Preprints of Papers.launceston:Institution of Engineers,1987:142-146.
[16]Hsu J R C,Evans C.Parabolic bay shapes and applications[C]//Maritime Engineering Group.Proceedings of the institution of civil engineers,part 2.London:Paper 9477,1989,87(4):557-570.
[17]Hsu J R C,Silvester R,Xia Y M.Generalities on static equilibrium bays[J].Coastal Engineering,1989a,12:353-369.
[18]Hsu J R C,Silvester R,Xia Y M.Static equilibrium bays:new relationships[J].Journal of Waterway,Port,Coastal and Ocean Engineering,American Society of Civil Engineers,1989b,115(3):285-298.
[19]Klein A H F,Vargas A,Raabe A L A,et al.Visual assessment of bayed beach stability using computer software[J].Computer&Geosciences,2003,29:1 249-1 257.
[20]Medina R,Gonzalez.An integrated coastal modeling system for analyzing beach process and beach restoration project,SMC[J].Computer&Geosciences,2007,33:916-931.
[21]交通运输部水运局.JTS 145—2015港口与航道水文规范[S].北京:人民交通出版社,2016:43-45.