除草剂莠去津残留对菜用黄麻土壤微生物的影响
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摘要
为明确除草剂莠去津残留对黄麻田生态系统中微生物数量动态变化的影响,以菜用黄麻土壤为研究对象,对盆栽菜用黄麻喷施不同浓度(0(CK)、0.2、0.6、1.0 mg·kg~(-1))莠去津,在施用后1、4、7、10 d采集土壤样品,利用稀释平板法测定土壤中细菌、真菌、放线菌的数量。结果表明:土壤细菌数量在莠去津浓度相同时随处理时间的延长在浓度为0.2 mg·kg~(-1)时呈现激活的趋势,在浓度为0.6～1.0 mg·kg~(-1)时呈先激活后抑制的趋势,在时间相同时随浓度增加细菌数量波动抑制,在第10天抑制率最大,达40.98%;土壤真菌数量在浓度相同时随时间的延长呈现激活-抑制-激活的趋势,处理时间相同随浓度的增加在1、4 d时呈现激活-抑制-激活的趋势,第7天呈现激活-抑制的趋势,在第10天抑制率最大,达37.93%;土壤放线菌数量在浓度相同时随时间延长呈现抑制-激活-抑制的趋势,在时间相同时随浓度的增加在1～4 d呈现先抑制后激活的趋势,在7～10 d呈现抑制-激活-抑制的趋势,在第7天抑制率最大达53.45%。由此可见莠去津残留对土壤中细菌、真菌、放线菌有一定的抑制作用,残留浓度越高对微生物的影响越显著,而且随着处理时间的延长抑制作用并未减弱。
In order to clear the effect of atrazine residue on dynamic change of microbial quantity in the vegetable jute field.Vegetable jute field used as experimental materials.The herbicide atrazine levels of 0(CK),0.2,0.6,1.0 mg·kg~(-1) were applied in potted vegetables jute.Soil samples were collected in 1,4,7 and 10 days respectively.The number of bacteria,fungi and actinomycetes in soil was determined by dilution plate method.The results showed that,at the same concentration as the processing time is extended the number of soil bacteria showed a tendency of activation in 0.2 mg·kg~(-1).When the concentration was 0.6-1.0 mg·kg~(-1),it showed a trend of activation-inhibition.At the same days after spraying,with the increase of herbicide concentration the bacteria number showed fluctuation inhibition.The maximum inhibition rate of bacteria was 40.98% at 10 day.At the same concentration as the processing time is extended the number of soil fungi showed a tendency of activation-inhibition-activation.At the same concentration as the processing time is extended the number of soil actinomycetes showed a tendency of activation-inhibition-activation in 1 and 4 day,showed activation-inhibition in 7 day.The maximum inhibition rate of fungi number was 37.93% in 10 day.At the same concentration as the processing time is extended the number of soil actinomycetes showed a tendency of inhibition-activation-inhibition.At the same concentration as the processing time is extended the number of soil actinomycetes showed a tendency of inhibition-activation in 1 and 4 day,showed inhibition-activation-inhibition in 7-10 day.The maximum Inhibition rate of actinomycetes was 53.45% in 7 day.Therefore,atrazine residues can cause the inhibition of bacteria,fungi and actinomycetes in soil.The higher the residual concentration,the more significant effect on soil microorganism.The inhibition did'nt decrease with the extension of processing time.
In order to clear the effect of atrazine residue on dynamic change of microbial quantity in the vegetable jute field.Vegetable jute field used as experimental materials.The herbicide atrazine levels of 0(CK),0.2,0.6,1.0 mg·kg~(-1) were applied in potted vegetables jute.Soil samples were collected in 1,4,7 and 10 days respectively.The number of bacteria,fungi and actinomycetes in soil was determined by dilution plate method.The results showed that,at the same concentration as the processing time is extended the number of soil bacteria showed a tendency of activation in 0.2 mg·kg~(-1).When the concentration was 0.6-1.0 mg·kg~(-1),it showed a trend of activation-inhibition.At the same days after spraying,with the increase of herbicide concentration the bacteria number showed fluctuation inhibition.The maximum inhibition rate of bacteria was 40.98% at 10 day.At the same concentration as the processing time is extended the number of soil fungi showed a tendency of activation-inhibition-activation.At the same concentration as the processing time is extended the number of soil actinomycetes showed a tendency of activation-inhibition-activation in 1 and 4 day,showed activation-inhibition in 7 day.The maximum inhibition rate of fungi number was 37.93% in 10 day.At the same concentration as the processing time is extended the number of soil actinomycetes showed a tendency of inhibition-activation-inhibition.At the same concentration as the processing time is extended the number of soil actinomycetes showed a tendency of inhibition-activation in 1 and 4 day,showed inhibition-activation-inhibition in 7-10 day.The maximum Inhibition rate of actinomycetes was 53.45% in 7 day.Therefore,atrazine residues can cause the inhibition of bacteria,fungi and actinomycetes in soil.The higher the residual concentration,the more significant effect on soil microorganism.The inhibition did'nt decrease with the extension of processing time.
引文
[1] 胡江,代先祝,李顺鹏.两株降解菌对阿特拉津污染土壤的修复效果研究[J].土壤学报,2005,42(2):323-327.
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[12] 孙淑清,刘限,姚远,等.莠去津和烟嘧磺隆对玉米田土壤微生物的影响[J].农药,2014,53(4):276-279.
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[14] 于建磊,宋国春,万鲁长,等.苯磺隆对土壤微生物的影响[J].微生物学杂志,2000,20(3):63- 64.
[15] 邢虎成,唐映红,薛丽君,等.乙草胺对苎麻农田土壤微生物数量的影响[J].作物研究,2013,27(2):131-134.
[16] 严君,韩晓增,王树起,等.不同形态氮素对种植大豆土壤中微生物数量及酶活性的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2010,16(2):341-347.
[17] 魏远,郑施雯,朱建林,等.重金属铬胁迫对土壤微生物数量及酶活性的影响[J].东北林业大学学报,2011,39(9):90-93.
[18] 李立鑫,高增贵,杨瑞秀.常用除草剂对玉米根际土壤微生物的影响[J].辽宁农业科学,2015(2):14-16.
[19] 杨璐.莠去津对土壤微生物数量的影响[J].大理大学学报,2012,11(10):66-69.
[20] 王军.莠去津对土壤微生物群落结构及分子多样性的影响[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2012.
[21] 江雪飞.除草剂阿特拉津和氯磺隆对土壤微生物多样性和活性的影响[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2009.
[22] 姜佳昌.四种除草剂对燕麦田土壤微生物数量的影响研究[J].甘肃畜牧兽医,2015,45(10):26-29.
[23] 徐蒋来,胡乃娟,张政文,等.两种除草剂对稻田土壤微生物数量和酶活性的影响[J].水土保持通报,2015,35(4):168-171.
[24] 赵兰,黎华寿.四种除草剂对稻田土壤微生物类群的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2008,27(2):508-514.
[25] 韩丽珍,赵德刚,罗信旭.除草剂2,4-D对土壤微生物类群的影响[J].贵州农业科学,2014,42(2):85-88.
[26] 刘波,关成宏,王险峰,等.我国东北地区常见除草剂药害原因分析与解决方法[J].农药,2006,45(6):368-373.
[27] 桑琳,云慧,程峰,等.麦田除草剂药害调查诊断与预防对策[J].安徽农学通报,2011,17(5):96-98.
[28] 白鹏军.嫩江县除草剂使用问题及对策[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2013.
[29] 彭旭丹.几种除草剂对白菜、萝卜的药害及缓解剂对其缓解作用研究[D].郑州:河南农业大学,2016.
[2] 刘琳.砜嘧磺隆等6种除草剂防除玉米田杂草的研究[D].沈阳:沈阳农业大学,2017.
[3] White A L,Boutin C.Herbicidal effects on nontarget vegetation: investigating the limitations of current pesticide registration guidelines[J].Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry,2007,26(12):2634-2643.
[4] Boutin C,Elmegaard N,Kjaer C.Toxicity testing of fifteen non-crop plant species with six herbicides in a greenhouse experiment: implications for risk assessment[J].Ecotoxicology,2004,13(4):349.
[5] Tejada M.Evolution of soil biological properties after addition of glyphosate,diflufenican and glyphosate+diflufenican herbicides[J].Chemosphere,2009,76(3):365.
[6] Yao H,He Z,Wilson M J,et al.Microbialbiomass and community structure in a sequence of soils with increasing fertility and changing land use[J].Microbial Ecology,2000,40(3):223.
[7] Burrows L A,Edwards C A.The use of integrated soil microcosms to predict effects of pesticides on soil ecosystems[J].European Journal of Soil Biology,2002,38(3-4):245-249.
[8] Sannino F,Gianfreda L.Pesticide influence on soil enzymatic activities.[J].Chemosphere,2001,45(4-5):417.
[9] 陈常理,金关荣,骆霞虹,等.氟乐灵等除草剂防除黄麻田杂草试验[J].浙江农业科学,2011,1(5):1099-1101.
[10] Taiwo L B,Oso B A.The influence of some pesticides on soil microbial flora in relation to changes in nutrient level,rock phosphate solubilization and P release under laboratory condition[J].Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment,1997,65(1):59-68.
[11] Ros M,Goberna M,Moreno J L,et al.Molecular and physiological bacterial diversity of a semi-arid soil contaminated with different levels of formulated atrazine[J].Applied Soil Ecology,2006,34(2-3):93-102.
[12] 孙淑清,刘限,姚远,等.莠去津和烟嘧磺隆对玉米田土壤微生物的影响[J].农药,2014,53(4):276-279.
[13] Madhab K D,Pronobesh H,Utpal B,et al.Effect of different weed management practices on growth and yield of tossa jute (Corchorus olitorius) in the New Alluvial Zone of West Bengal,India[J].International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences,2017,6(11): 1118-1123.
[14] 于建磊,宋国春,万鲁长,等.苯磺隆对土壤微生物的影响[J].微生物学杂志,2000,20(3):63- 64.
[15] 邢虎成,唐映红,薛丽君,等.乙草胺对苎麻农田土壤微生物数量的影响[J].作物研究,2013,27(2):131-134.
[16] 严君,韩晓增,王树起,等.不同形态氮素对种植大豆土壤中微生物数量及酶活性的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2010,16(2):341-347.
[17] 魏远,郑施雯,朱建林,等.重金属铬胁迫对土壤微生物数量及酶活性的影响[J].东北林业大学学报,2011,39(9):90-93.
[18] 李立鑫,高增贵,杨瑞秀.常用除草剂对玉米根际土壤微生物的影响[J].辽宁农业科学,2015(2):14-16.
[19] 杨璐.莠去津对土壤微生物数量的影响[J].大理大学学报,2012,11(10):66-69.
[20] 王军.莠去津对土壤微生物群落结构及分子多样性的影响[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2012.
[21] 江雪飞.除草剂阿特拉津和氯磺隆对土壤微生物多样性和活性的影响[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2009.
[22] 姜佳昌.四种除草剂对燕麦田土壤微生物数量的影响研究[J].甘肃畜牧兽医,2015,45(10):26-29.
[23] 徐蒋来,胡乃娟,张政文,等.两种除草剂对稻田土壤微生物数量和酶活性的影响[J].水土保持通报,2015,35(4):168-171.
[24] 赵兰,黎华寿.四种除草剂对稻田土壤微生物类群的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2008,27(2):508-514.
[25] 韩丽珍,赵德刚,罗信旭.除草剂2,4-D对土壤微生物类群的影响[J].贵州农业科学,2014,42(2):85-88.
[26] 刘波,关成宏,王险峰,等.我国东北地区常见除草剂药害原因分析与解决方法[J].农药,2006,45(6):368-373.
[27] 桑琳,云慧,程峰,等.麦田除草剂药害调查诊断与预防对策[J].安徽农学通报,2011,17(5):96-98.
[28] 白鹏军.嫩江县除草剂使用问题及对策[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2013.
[29] 彭旭丹.几种除草剂对白菜、萝卜的药害及缓解剂对其缓解作用研究[D].郑州:河南农业大学,2016.
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