南方型黑杨种质资源表型及生长性状遗传多样性分析
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摘要
为了解南方型黑杨种质材料的表型及生长性状遗传多样性,丰富黑杨种质资源遗传基础,并进一步为南方地区黑杨种质资源定向选育提供参考,选取地径、苗高、叶面积、叶长、叶宽、叶柄长、叶绿素、侧枝数、叶厚、单株总叶片、叶片干质量共11个树体性状及生理指标,同时观测记录了每个无性系的生长期和抗性,对62份南方型黑杨种质资源的13个性状进行了遗传多样性分析。结果表明:62份黑杨资源分成7个类群,各类群材料根据不同性状的相似性进行聚类,整体比较分散,具有较高的分化强度。13个性状的多样性指数H′变化范围介于0.587～1.550之间,平均值为1.098,叶片相关性状以及生长期遗传多样性较丰富。主成分分析将相关变量转化为叶片形态、单株叶片数量、抗性及生长期、侧枝数4个主成分,涵盖了13个测定性状80.953%的遗传信息。本研究首次从表型及生长相关性状等方面探明了南方型黑杨的遗传多样性,对于充分发掘黑杨资源优良基因型,进一步开展南方型黑杨遗传改良工作具有重要意义。
In order to explore the phenotype and genetic diversity of germplasm materials of southern type of Populus deltoides and provide a reference for the selection and breeding of black poplar germplasm resources in the south,the genetic diversity of the 13 traits of 62 southern type of Populus deltoides germplasm resources were analyzed.A total of 11 tree characters and physiological indicators were selected,including ground diameter,seedling height,leaf area,leaf length,leaf width,petiole length,chlorophyll,number of lateral branches,leaf thickness,total leaf weight of a single plant,and leaf dry weight.At the same time,the growth period and resistance of each clone were observed and recorded,and the genetic diversity of the 13 traits was analyzed.The results showed that 62 black poplar resources were divided into 7 groups,and the whole group of materials was more dispersed.The selected materials had a higher differentiation strength,which provides more abundant genetic material for the breeding of southern type of Populus deltoides.The diversity index H′of 13 characters ranged from 0.587 to 1.550,with the average genetic diversity index of 1.098.Genetic diversity of blade related traits and growth period were rich;Different degree of correlation between characters.Principal components analysis was conducted with 13 traits,and four principal components were chosen with the cumulative rate of 80.953%.Those four components including leaf morphology,leaf number per plant,resistance and growth period and lateral branches.In this study,the genetic diversity of Southern type of Populus deltoides was identified from the negative aspects of phenotype and growth-related traits for the first time,which is of great significance to fully explore the excellent genotypes of black poplar resources and further carry out genetic improvement of Southern type of Populus deltoides.
In order to explore the phenotype and genetic diversity of germplasm materials of southern type of Populus deltoides and provide a reference for the selection and breeding of black poplar germplasm resources in the south,the genetic diversity of the 13 traits of 62 southern type of Populus deltoides germplasm resources were analyzed.A total of 11 tree characters and physiological indicators were selected,including ground diameter,seedling height,leaf area,leaf length,leaf width,petiole length,chlorophyll,number of lateral branches,leaf thickness,total leaf weight of a single plant,and leaf dry weight.At the same time,the growth period and resistance of each clone were observed and recorded,and the genetic diversity of the 13 traits was analyzed.The results showed that 62 black poplar resources were divided into 7 groups,and the whole group of materials was more dispersed.The selected materials had a higher differentiation strength,which provides more abundant genetic material for the breeding of southern type of Populus deltoides.The diversity index H′of 13 characters ranged from 0.587 to 1.550,with the average genetic diversity index of 1.098.Genetic diversity of blade related traits and growth period were rich;Different degree of correlation between characters.Principal components analysis was conducted with 13 traits,and four principal components were chosen with the cumulative rate of 80.953%.Those four components including leaf morphology,leaf number per plant,resistance and growth period and lateral branches.In this study,the genetic diversity of Southern type of Populus deltoides was identified from the negative aspects of phenotype and growth-related traits for the first time,which is of great significance to fully explore the excellent genotypes of black poplar resources and further carry out genetic improvement of Southern type of Populus deltoides.
引文
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[16]贺勇,兰再平,孙尚伟,等.滴灌条件下杨树幼林树高、材积、生物量和N、P、K积累量模型研究[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2017,37(1):78-84.
[17]刘春鹏,刘泽勇,李向军,等.不同造林密度欧美107杨用材林最佳采伐期的研究[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2018,38(10):10-15.
[18]贺晨帮,宗绪晓.豌豆种质资源形态标记遗传多样性分析[J].植物遗传资源学报,2011,12(1):42-48.
[19]杨艳,刘强,尹翔,等.湖南白檀居群形态多样性及与环境的相关性[J].植物遗传资源学报,2015,16(1):80-86.
[20]万述伟,宋凤景,郝俊杰,等.271份豌豆种质资源农艺性状遗传多样性分析[J].植物遗传资源学报,2017,18(1):10-18.
[21]杨维泽,金航,杨美权,等.云南滇龙胆居群表型多样性及其与环境关系研究[J].西北植物学报,2011,31(7):1326-1334.
[22]杨立荣,张治礼,陈加利,等.海南油茶种实数量性状多样性评价[J].经济林研究,2018,36(3):69-76.
[23]吴开志,肖千文,贾瑞芬,等.油橄榄品种表型性状的多样性[J].经济林研究,2008,26(2):48-52.
[24]俞文生,倪佳成,陈慧,等.茶树种质资源表型遗传多样性分析[J].安徽农业科学,2017,45(25):40-42.
[25]夏腾飞,王蕾,徐金青,等.267份青藏高原青稞种质材料的表型多样性分析[J].西北农业学报,2018,27(2):1-12.
[26]刘新龙,马丽,蔡青,等.云南甘蔗品种表型性状的遗传多样性分析[J].植物遗传资源学报,2010,11(6):703-708.
[27]李志辉,李柏海,祁承经,等.我国南方珍贵用材树种资源的重要性及其发展策略[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2012,32(11):1-8.
[28]郝蕾,张国,穆喜云,等.北沙柳种质资源居群表型多样性[J].西北植物学报,2017,37(5):1012-1021.
[2]唐作钧,肖兴翠,张国君,等.洞庭湖区20个美洲黑杨无性系造林对比试验[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2011,31(10):49-54.
[3]藕丹.美洲黑杨×青杨派杂种无性系SSR和SCoT指纹图谱的构建与遗传关系分析[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2017.
[4]李新国,朱之悌,苏法旺,等.毛白杨优树基因资源形态性状的遗传多样性研究[J].吉林林学院学报,1996,12(1):14-17.
[5]蒋选利,杨桐春,曹薇,等.中国白杨派杨树叶片表皮特征的研究[J].西北植物学报,1997,17(1):83-87.
[6]DIANE L R,BIAGINI B,EVANS A S.Variability among five riparian cottonwood(Populus fremontii Wats.)populations:an examination of size,density and spatial distribution[J].Western North American Naturalist,2000,60:384-393.
[7]李金花,张绮纹,苏晓华,等.美洲黑杨与不同种源青杨杂种苗叶片和生长性状多水平变异研究[J].林业科学研究,2002,15(1):76-82.
[8]苏晓华,黄秦军,张香华,等.中国大青杨基因资源研究[J].林业科学研究,2001,14(5):472-478.
[9]HALL D,LUQUEZ V,Garcia V M,et al.Adaptive population differentiation in phenology across a latitudinal gradientin European aspen(Populus tremula L.):a comparison of neutral markers,candidate genes and phenotypic traits[J].Evolution,2007,61(12):2849-2860.
[10]栾鹖慧.杨属五大派树种苗其形态与生理性状的遗传变异[D].北京:中国林业科学研究院,2011.
[11]丁昌俊,黄秦军,张冰玉,等.北方型美洲黑杨不同无性系重要性状评价[J].林业科学研究,2016,29(3):331-339.
[12]张冬梅,鲍甫成,张志毅.杨树木材性状遗传学研究进展[J].世界林业研究,2002,15(6):21-25.
[13]董玉峰,姜岳忠,张明哲,等.不同杨树品种的分枝及与生长和干形的关联[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2014,34(2):34-38.
[14]童再康,俞友明,郑勇平.黑杨派新无性系木材物理力学性质研究[J].林业科学研究,2002,15(4):450-456.
[15]黄秦军,苏晓华.美洲黑杨×青杨F2代基本材性性状遗传变异研究[J].林业科学研究,2003,16(2):141-145.
[16]贺勇,兰再平,孙尚伟,等.滴灌条件下杨树幼林树高、材积、生物量和N、P、K积累量模型研究[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2017,37(1):78-84.
[17]刘春鹏,刘泽勇,李向军,等.不同造林密度欧美107杨用材林最佳采伐期的研究[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2018,38(10):10-15.
[18]贺晨帮,宗绪晓.豌豆种质资源形态标记遗传多样性分析[J].植物遗传资源学报,2011,12(1):42-48.
[19]杨艳,刘强,尹翔,等.湖南白檀居群形态多样性及与环境的相关性[J].植物遗传资源学报,2015,16(1):80-86.
[20]万述伟,宋凤景,郝俊杰,等.271份豌豆种质资源农艺性状遗传多样性分析[J].植物遗传资源学报,2017,18(1):10-18.
[21]杨维泽,金航,杨美权,等.云南滇龙胆居群表型多样性及其与环境关系研究[J].西北植物学报,2011,31(7):1326-1334.
[22]杨立荣,张治礼,陈加利,等.海南油茶种实数量性状多样性评价[J].经济林研究,2018,36(3):69-76.
[23]吴开志,肖千文,贾瑞芬,等.油橄榄品种表型性状的多样性[J].经济林研究,2008,26(2):48-52.
[24]俞文生,倪佳成,陈慧,等.茶树种质资源表型遗传多样性分析[J].安徽农业科学,2017,45(25):40-42.
[25]夏腾飞,王蕾,徐金青,等.267份青藏高原青稞种质材料的表型多样性分析[J].西北农业学报,2018,27(2):1-12.
[26]刘新龙,马丽,蔡青,等.云南甘蔗品种表型性状的遗传多样性分析[J].植物遗传资源学报,2010,11(6):703-708.
[27]李志辉,李柏海,祁承经,等.我国南方珍贵用材树种资源的重要性及其发展策略[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2012,32(11):1-8.
[28]郝蕾,张国,穆喜云,等.北沙柳种质资源居群表型多样性[J].西北植物学报,2017,37(5):1012-1021.