中国天然草地净初级生产力时空分布
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摘要
利用基于草原综合顺序分类系统(CSCS)的改进CASA模型,估算2004-2008年中国草地净初级生产力并分析其时空分布特征。结果表明:2004-2008年中国草地NPP年平均为489.4g C·m~(-2)·a~(-1),5年里草地NPP总体呈现增加趋势。草地NPP的积累期主要发生在水、热搭配较好的4-10月,占了全年总量的89.1%。春(3月-5月)、夏(6月-8月)、秋(9月-11月)、冬(12月-2月)四季的草地NPP各自占全年总量的18.6%,59.6%,17.4%和4.5%。由年际、月份—空间和季节—空间的NPP变化可知,适宜的水热搭配是草地NPP积累的关键。中国草地NPP随经度的递增而逐渐增大,随纬度的增大而逐渐减小,但存在一定的波动性,其变化规律与水、热状况的地带性规律相一致。
Using the improved CASA model based on comprehensive and sequential classification system of grasslands(CSCS),the grassland net primary productivity(NPP)from 2004 to 2008 in China and its spatiotemporal variations were estimated and analyzed.The results showed that from 2004 to 2008,the annual average value is 489.4 g C·m~(-2)·a~(-1).The grassland NPP in China from 2004 to 2008 followed an overall trend of increase.From the trend of monthly variation,it can be drawn that the NPP accumulative period was mainly between April and October when the combination of water and thermal is in a good condition for grassland vegetation growth.The sum of the NPP in these seven months was about 89.1% of the annual total.The grassland NPP in spring,summer,autumn and winter was about 18.6%,59.6%,17.4%and 4.5% of the total annual NPP respectively.According to the annual,monthly and seasonal variation of grassland vegetation NPP,the suitable combination of water and thermal plays key roles in grassland vegetation growth.The grassland NPP increased with the increasing longitude and the decreasing latitude,although there were some fluctuations.The characteristic of longitude and latitude zonation of grassland NPP had a high correlation with zonal regularity of water and thermal.
Using the improved CASA model based on comprehensive and sequential classification system of grasslands(CSCS),the grassland net primary productivity(NPP)from 2004 to 2008 in China and its spatiotemporal variations were estimated and analyzed.The results showed that from 2004 to 2008,the annual average value is 489.4 g C·m~(-2)·a~(-1).The grassland NPP in China from 2004 to 2008 followed an overall trend of increase.From the trend of monthly variation,it can be drawn that the NPP accumulative period was mainly between April and October when the combination of water and thermal is in a good condition for grassland vegetation growth.The sum of the NPP in these seven months was about 89.1% of the annual total.The grassland NPP in spring,summer,autumn and winter was about 18.6%,59.6%,17.4%and 4.5% of the total annual NPP respectively.According to the annual,monthly and seasonal variation of grassland vegetation NPP,the suitable combination of water and thermal plays key roles in grassland vegetation growth.The grassland NPP increased with the increasing longitude and the decreasing latitude,although there were some fluctuations.The characteristic of longitude and latitude zonation of grassland NPP had a high correlation with zonal regularity of water and thermal.
引文
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[27]周伟,牟凤云,刚成诚,等.1982—2010年中国草地净初级生产力时空动态及其与气候因子的关系[J].生态学报,2017,37(13):4335-4345
[28]刚成诚,王钊齐,杨悦,等.近百年全球草地生态系统净初级生产力时空动态对气候变化的响应[J].草业学报,2016,25(11):1-14
[29]刘雪佳,赵杰,杜自强,等.1993—2015年中国草地净初级生产力格局及其与水热因子的关系[J].水土保持通报,2018,38(1):299-305
[30]Niu S,Wu MHan Y,et al.Water-mediated responses of ecosystem carbon fluxes to climatic change in a temperate steppe[J].New Phytologist,2008,177(1):209-219
[31]Hao R,Yu D,Liu Y,et al.Impacts of changes in climate and landscape pattern on ecosystem services[J].Science of the Total Environment,2017,579:718-728
[32]Zhang M L,Lal R,Zhao Y Y,et al.Estimating net primary production of natural grassland and its spatio-temporal distribution in China[J].Science of the Total Environment,2016,553:184-195
[33]古丽娜尔·沙亚汗,李佳欢,谭学周,等.新疆塔城不同类型草场生产力动态变化[J].草地学报,2017,25(1):49-54
[34]Xu B,Guo Z,Piao S,et al.Biomass carbon stocks in China’s forests between 2000and 2050:A prediction based on forest biomass-age relationships[J].Science China(Life Sciences),2010,53(7):776-783
[35]Nemani R R,Keeling C D,Hashimoto H,et al.Climate-driven increases in global terrestrial net primary production from 1982to 1999[J].Science,2003,300:1560-1563
[36]Scurlock J M O,Johnson K,Olson R J.Estimating net primary productivity from grassland biomass dynamics measurements[J].Global Change Biology,2002,8:736-753
[2]任继周.分类、聚类与草原类型[J].草地学报,2008,16(1):4-10
[3] Lin H L.A new model of grassland net primary productivity(NPP)based on the integrated orderly classification system of grassland[C]//The Sixth International Conference on Fuzzy Systems and Knowledge Discovery,2009,1:52-56
[4]张美玲,蒋文兰,陈全功,等.基于CSCS改进CASA模型的中国草地净初级生产力模拟[J].中国沙漠,2014,34(4):1150-1160
[5] Liang T,Feng Q,Yu H,et al.Dynamics of natural vegetation on the Tibetan Plateau from past to future using a comprehensive and sequential classification system and remote sensing data[J].Grassland Science,2012,58:208-220
[6] Lin H L,Feng Q,Liang T G,et al.Modelling global-scale potential grassland changes in spatio-temporal patterns to global climate change[J].International Journal of Sustainable Development and World Ecology,2013,20:83-96
[7]胡自治,高彩霞.草原综合顺序分类法的新改进:I类的划分指标及其分类检索图[J].草业学报,1995,4(3):1-7
[8] Sun Z,Sun C,Zhou W,et al.Classification and net primary productivity of the southern China’s grasslands ecosystem based on improved Comprehensive and Sequential Classification System(CSCS)Approach[J].Journal of Integrative Agriculture,2014,13:893-903
[9] Gang C C,Zhou W,Li J L,et al.Groisman PY Assessing the spatiotemporal variation in distribution,extent and NPP of terrestrial ecosystems in response to climate change from 1911to2000[J].PLoS ONE,2013,8:e80394
[10]Lin H L,Zhang Y.Evaluation of six methods to predict grassland net primary productivity along an altitudinal gradient in the Alxa Rangeland,Western Inner Mongolia,China[J].Grassland Science,2013,59:100-110
[11]Liang T,Feng Q,Cao J,et al.Changes in global potential vegetation distributions from 1911to 2000as simulated by the Comprehensive Sequential Classification System approach[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2012,57:1298-1310
[12]Potter C,Klooster S,Genovese V.Net primary production of terrestrial ecosystems from 2000to 2009[J].Climatic Change,2012,115:365-378
[13]Field C B,Randerson J T,Malmstrom C M.Global net primary production:combining ecology and remote sensing[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,1995,51:74-88
[14]Piao S,Tan K,Nan H,et al.Impacts of climate and CO2changes on the vegetation growth and carbon balance of QinghaiTibetan grasslands over the past five decades[J].Global and Planetary Change,2012,98:73-80
[15]Guid A,Varela R D,Baldassini P,et al.Spatial and temporal variability in aboveground net primary production of Uruguayan grasslands[J].Rangeland Ecology&Management,2014,67:30-38
[16]张美玲,蒋文兰,陈全功,等.草地净第一性生产力估算模型研究进展[J].草地学报,2011,19(2):356-366
[17]蔡福,于贵瑞,朱青林,等.气象要素空间化方法精度的比较研究—以平均气温为例[J].资源科学,2005,27(5):173-179
[18]罗天祥.中国主要森林类型生物生产力格局及其数学模型[D].北京:中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,1996
[19]张美玲,蒋文兰,陈全功,等.基于改进的CASA模型模拟草原综合顺序分类体系各类的最大光能利用率[J].草原与草坪,2012,32(4):60-66
[20]张美玲,陈全功,蒋文兰,等.基于草原综合顺序分类的改进CASA模型[J].中国草地学报,2011,33(4):5-11
[21]朱文泉,潘耀忠,张锦水.中国陆地植被净初级生产力遥感估算[J].植物生态学报,2007,31(3):413-424
[22]卢玲,李新,Frank V.中国西部地区植被净初级生产力的时空格局[J].生态学报,2005,25(5):1026-1032
[23]朴世龙,方精云.1982-1999年我国植被净第一性生产力及其时空变化[J].北京大学学报(自然科学版)2001,37(4):563-569
[24]李贵才.基于MQDIS数据和光能利用率模型的中国陆地净初级生产力估算研究[D].北京:中国科学院遥感应用研究所,2004
[25]陈斌,王绍强,刘荣高,等.中国陆地生态系统NPP模拟及空间格局分析[J].资源科学,2007,29(6):45-53
[26]陶波,曹明奎,李克让,等.1981~2000年中国陆地净生态系统生产力空间格局及其变化[J].中国科学.D辑:地球科学,2006,36(12):1131-1139
[27]周伟,牟凤云,刚成诚,等.1982—2010年中国草地净初级生产力时空动态及其与气候因子的关系[J].生态学报,2017,37(13):4335-4345
[28]刚成诚,王钊齐,杨悦,等.近百年全球草地生态系统净初级生产力时空动态对气候变化的响应[J].草业学报,2016,25(11):1-14
[29]刘雪佳,赵杰,杜自强,等.1993—2015年中国草地净初级生产力格局及其与水热因子的关系[J].水土保持通报,2018,38(1):299-305
[30]Niu S,Wu MHan Y,et al.Water-mediated responses of ecosystem carbon fluxes to climatic change in a temperate steppe[J].New Phytologist,2008,177(1):209-219
[31]Hao R,Yu D,Liu Y,et al.Impacts of changes in climate and landscape pattern on ecosystem services[J].Science of the Total Environment,2017,579:718-728
[32]Zhang M L,Lal R,Zhao Y Y,et al.Estimating net primary production of natural grassland and its spatio-temporal distribution in China[J].Science of the Total Environment,2016,553:184-195
[33]古丽娜尔·沙亚汗,李佳欢,谭学周,等.新疆塔城不同类型草场生产力动态变化[J].草地学报,2017,25(1):49-54
[34]Xu B,Guo Z,Piao S,et al.Biomass carbon stocks in China’s forests between 2000and 2050:A prediction based on forest biomass-age relationships[J].Science China(Life Sciences),2010,53(7):776-783
[35]Nemani R R,Keeling C D,Hashimoto H,et al.Climate-driven increases in global terrestrial net primary production from 1982to 1999[J].Science,2003,300:1560-1563
[36]Scurlock J M O,Johnson K,Olson R J.Estimating net primary productivity from grassland biomass dynamics measurements[J].Global Change Biology,2002,8:736-753