青海省多年生栽培牧草气候适宜性研究
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摘要
为进一步确定青海境内多年生栽培牧草适宜生长的气候条件阈值及其分布范围。本文通过牧草生境法,初步确定了草地型气候条件;同时结合专家打分法,进而得出单一牧草适宜生长的气候条件阈值,并对其生长的气候适宜性进行了研究。结果表明,利用牧草生境法获得的草地类型与实际草地类型分布范围较为一致。禾本科牧草适宜生长的气候条件为积温>1 200℃,降水>370 mm,湿润度100~500(为了数据处理方便,将湿润度扩大100倍);次适宜气候条件为年积温1 200~2 200℃,湿润度为200~300,降水480~780 mm,7月平均气温-0.9~18℃;而不适宜气候条件为年积温>2 200℃,降水0~200mm,湿润度<100或年积温<1 000℃,降水>630mm,湿润度>500。除柴达木盆地外,禾本科牧草在全省境内均能良好生长,而豆科牧草仅分布在东部农业区。因此,牧草能否在某一地区适宜生长,并不是由单个气候条件决定,而是多种气候条件的综合结果。
In order to further determine the suitable climate conditions for perennial cultivated grasses in Qinghai province,the climate condition thresholds and their distribution range were determined.In this paper,the climatic conditions of grassland were preliminarily determined by the herbage habitat method.At the same time,combined with the expert scoring method,the climate condition threshold of suitable growth of single-grass pasture was obtained,and the climate suitability of pasture growth were studied.The results showed that the distributation range of and actual grassland types obtained by using pasture habitat method was consistent.The most suitable growth conditions for grasses are accumulative temperature>1 200°C,precipitation>370 mm,and moisture degree 100~500(In order to the conveniency of data processing,the moisture degree amplified by 100 times);sub-optimal climatic conditions with an annual accumulated temperature of 1 200~2 200℃,a moisture degree 200~300,and precipitation 480~780 mm,July average temperature-0.9~18℃;inunsuitable climatic conditions with annualt accumulated temperature>2 200℃,preceiptation 0~200 mm,and moisture degree<100 or annual accumulated temperature<1 000℃,precipitation>630 mm,and moisture degree>500.With the exception of the Qaidam Basin,the gramineous grasses grow well throughout the Qinghai province,while the legumes are distributed only in eastern agricultural regions.Therefore,whether or not herbagecan grow in a certain area is not determined by single climatic condition,but is a combination of various climatic conditions.
In order to further determine the suitable climate conditions for perennial cultivated grasses in Qinghai province,the climate condition thresholds and their distribution range were determined.In this paper,the climatic conditions of grassland were preliminarily determined by the herbage habitat method.At the same time,combined with the expert scoring method,the climate condition threshold of suitable growth of single-grass pasture was obtained,and the climate suitability of pasture growth were studied.The results showed that the distributation range of and actual grassland types obtained by using pasture habitat method was consistent.The most suitable growth conditions for grasses are accumulative temperature>1 200°C,precipitation>370 mm,and moisture degree 100~500(In order to the conveniency of data processing,the moisture degree amplified by 100 times);sub-optimal climatic conditions with an annual accumulated temperature of 1 200~2 200℃,a moisture degree 200~300,and precipitation 480~780 mm,July average temperature-0.9~18℃;inunsuitable climatic conditions with annualt accumulated temperature>2 200℃,preceiptation 0~200 mm,and moisture degree<100 or annual accumulated temperature<1 000℃,precipitation>630 mm,and moisture degree>500.With the exception of the Qaidam Basin,the gramineous grasses grow well throughout the Qinghai province,while the legumes are distributed only in eastern agricultural regions.Therefore,whether or not herbagecan grow in a certain area is not determined by single climatic condition,but is a combination of various climatic conditions.
引文
[1]吴静.基于3S技术和土壤水热条件的草原综合顺序分类研究[D].兰州:甘肃农业大学,2013
[2]张建.三峡库区牧草种植区划及适生牧草栽培利用技术研究[D].重庆:西南大学,2007
[3]乔宇鑫,朱华忠,邵小明,等.基于空间插值数据支持下新疆伊犁地区草地类型判别与分类研究[J].草业学报,2017,26(10):30-45
[4]张美玲.基于草原综合顺序分类系统改进CASA模型及其在中国草地NPP估算中的应用[D].兰州:甘肃农业大学,2012
[5]李向林.红豆草在甘肃的宜植区[J].中国牧草与草原,1985,2(3):65-67
[6]王无怠,孟宪政.甘肃省甘草资源及开发研究[J].草业科学,1989,6(1):15-17
[7]洪级曾.中国多年生栽培草种区划[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,1989
[8]李春杰,南志标.引种草坪草的适应性评价及病害和草害[J].草业科学,2003,20(4):68-72
[9]董世魁,马金星,蒲小鹏,等.高寒地区多年生禾草引种生态适应性及混播组合筛选研究[J].草原与草坪,2003,5:38-42
[10]黎明,王梅花.刚察县22种多年生禾草引种试验报告[J].青海畜牧兽医杂志,2002,32(3):8-9
[11]王亚琴,陈维虎,俞照正,等.暖季型牧草品种适应性试验报告[J].草业科学,2003,20(3):60-62
[12]马景新,周振江,李新贵.红豆草引种栽培技术[J].饲料博览,2001,9(3):33-34
[13]李立.牧草的解剖生态适应性研究[J].水土保持研究,1998,5(1):32-36
[14]郭靖,柳小妮,任正超.基于AMMRR插值法的草地综合顺序分类研究—以甘肃省为例[J].草业科学,2012,29(3):384-391
[15]梁剑芳,缪应庭,李运起,等.河北省多年生栽培牧草区划研究[J].河北省农业大学学报,1996,2(19):102-109
[16]吴彦奇,杨烈,青晓刚,等.四川草坪草种植气候区划的探讨[J].草地学报,2000,8(1):8-12
[17]胡建忠.水土保持优良植物牧场草在黄土高原地区的引种适宜性评价[J].草业科学,2003,20(8):25-30
[18]韩炳宏,吴让,周秉荣,等.基于格网的青海省雪灾综合风险评估[J].干旱区研究,2017,34(5):1035-1041
[19]任继周,胡自治,牟新待,等.草原的综合顺序分类法及其草原发生学意义[J].中国草原,1980,1:12-24
[20]胡自治,高彩霞.草原综合顺序分类法的新改进(Ⅰ)类的划分指标及其分类的检索图[J].草业学报,1995,4(3):1-7
[21]闰静,简慰民,周有芬,等.中国草坪气候区划探讨[J].南京气象学院学报,1998,21(3):370-376
[22]李红梅,马玉寿.改进的综合顺序分类法在青海草地分类中的应用[J].草业学报,2009,18(2):76-82
[23]吴静,李纯斌,胡自治,等.基于定量遥感的甘肃省草原综合顺序分类[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(1):126-133
[24]吴静,李纯斌,张德罡,等.适用于3S技术的草地综合顺序分类法水热指标改进[J].中国草地学报,2012,34(4):109-115
[25]柳小妮,郭婧,任正超,等.基于气象要素空间分布模拟优化的中国草地综合顺序分类[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(9):222-229
[26]梁天刚,冯琦胜,黄晓东,等.草原综合顺序分类系统研究进展[J].草业科学,2011,28(1):27-32
[2]张建.三峡库区牧草种植区划及适生牧草栽培利用技术研究[D].重庆:西南大学,2007
[3]乔宇鑫,朱华忠,邵小明,等.基于空间插值数据支持下新疆伊犁地区草地类型判别与分类研究[J].草业学报,2017,26(10):30-45
[4]张美玲.基于草原综合顺序分类系统改进CASA模型及其在中国草地NPP估算中的应用[D].兰州:甘肃农业大学,2012
[5]李向林.红豆草在甘肃的宜植区[J].中国牧草与草原,1985,2(3):65-67
[6]王无怠,孟宪政.甘肃省甘草资源及开发研究[J].草业科学,1989,6(1):15-17
[7]洪级曾.中国多年生栽培草种区划[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,1989
[8]李春杰,南志标.引种草坪草的适应性评价及病害和草害[J].草业科学,2003,20(4):68-72
[9]董世魁,马金星,蒲小鹏,等.高寒地区多年生禾草引种生态适应性及混播组合筛选研究[J].草原与草坪,2003,5:38-42
[10]黎明,王梅花.刚察县22种多年生禾草引种试验报告[J].青海畜牧兽医杂志,2002,32(3):8-9
[11]王亚琴,陈维虎,俞照正,等.暖季型牧草品种适应性试验报告[J].草业科学,2003,20(3):60-62
[12]马景新,周振江,李新贵.红豆草引种栽培技术[J].饲料博览,2001,9(3):33-34
[13]李立.牧草的解剖生态适应性研究[J].水土保持研究,1998,5(1):32-36
[14]郭靖,柳小妮,任正超.基于AMMRR插值法的草地综合顺序分类研究—以甘肃省为例[J].草业科学,2012,29(3):384-391
[15]梁剑芳,缪应庭,李运起,等.河北省多年生栽培牧草区划研究[J].河北省农业大学学报,1996,2(19):102-109
[16]吴彦奇,杨烈,青晓刚,等.四川草坪草种植气候区划的探讨[J].草地学报,2000,8(1):8-12
[17]胡建忠.水土保持优良植物牧场草在黄土高原地区的引种适宜性评价[J].草业科学,2003,20(8):25-30
[18]韩炳宏,吴让,周秉荣,等.基于格网的青海省雪灾综合风险评估[J].干旱区研究,2017,34(5):1035-1041
[19]任继周,胡自治,牟新待,等.草原的综合顺序分类法及其草原发生学意义[J].中国草原,1980,1:12-24
[20]胡自治,高彩霞.草原综合顺序分类法的新改进(Ⅰ)类的划分指标及其分类的检索图[J].草业学报,1995,4(3):1-7
[21]闰静,简慰民,周有芬,等.中国草坪气候区划探讨[J].南京气象学院学报,1998,21(3):370-376
[22]李红梅,马玉寿.改进的综合顺序分类法在青海草地分类中的应用[J].草业学报,2009,18(2):76-82
[23]吴静,李纯斌,胡自治,等.基于定量遥感的甘肃省草原综合顺序分类[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(1):126-133
[24]吴静,李纯斌,张德罡,等.适用于3S技术的草地综合顺序分类法水热指标改进[J].中国草地学报,2012,34(4):109-115
[25]柳小妮,郭婧,任正超,等.基于气象要素空间分布模拟优化的中国草地综合顺序分类[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(9):222-229
[26]梁天刚,冯琦胜,黄晓东,等.草原综合顺序分类系统研究进展[J].草业科学,2011,28(1):27-32
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