裂隙连通性对含流体介质剪切波分裂特征的影响
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摘要
地下介质受到多期构造运动的作用,裂缝以多组形式存在的现象比较普遍,多组裂隙之间的连通性会影响介质的弹性参数。计算含两组交错裂缝饱和岩石弹性模量时,对于裂隙连通的情况,先计算干燥岩石的弹性参数,再通过各向异性流体替换获得含流体裂隙介质的弹性参数。对于不相交裂隙的情况,先对两组裂隙分别计算其饱和裂纹韧度,再计算饱和裂隙岩石的总体弹性参数。研究结果表明:①油水饱和条件下,当裂隙连通时,剪切波分裂参数随着油饱和度的增加变化较小;当裂隙不连通时,剪切波分裂参数随着油饱和度的增加变化较大;②随着裂隙倾角θ的增大,剪切波分裂参数减小;③在油饱和条件下,当裂隙连通时,剪切波分裂参数随着孔隙度的增加稍稍增加;当裂隙不连通情况时,剪切波分裂参数随着孔隙度的增加而减小,减小程度相对较大。
The underground medium is affected by multi-stage tectonic movement,the phenomenon that the crack exists in multiple groups is common,and the connectivity between multiple sets of fractures will affect the elastic parameters of the medium.When the elastic modulus of a saturated rock with two sets of staggered fractures are calculated,in the case where the fracture is connected,the elastic parameters of the dry rock are calculated first,and then the elastic parameters of the fluid-containing fracture medium are obtained by anisotropic fluid replacement.In the case of non-intersecting fractures,first the saturated crack toughness is calculated for the two sets of fractures,and then the overall elastic parameters of the saturated fractured rock are calculated. Some conclusions have been reached: ①Under oil-water saturation conditions,when the fractures are connected,the shear-wave splitting parameters change less with the increase of oil saturation; when the fracture is not connected,the shear wave splitting parameter changes greatly with the increase of oil saturation.②As the crack inclination angle θ increases,the shear wave splitting parameter decreases.③Under oil saturation conditions,shear wave splitting parameters increase slightly with increasing porosity when the fractures are connected; when the fracture is not connected,the shear wave splitting parameter decreases with the increase of porosity,and the degree of reduction is relatively large.
The underground medium is affected by multi-stage tectonic movement,the phenomenon that the crack exists in multiple groups is common,and the connectivity between multiple sets of fractures will affect the elastic parameters of the medium.When the elastic modulus of a saturated rock with two sets of staggered fractures are calculated,in the case where the fracture is connected,the elastic parameters of the dry rock are calculated first,and then the elastic parameters of the fluid-containing fracture medium are obtained by anisotropic fluid replacement.In the case of non-intersecting fractures,first the saturated crack toughness is calculated for the two sets of fractures,and then the overall elastic parameters of the saturated fractured rock are calculated. Some conclusions have been reached: ①Under oil-water saturation conditions,when the fractures are connected,the shear-wave splitting parameters change less with the increase of oil saturation; when the fracture is not connected,the shear wave splitting parameter changes greatly with the increase of oil saturation.②As the crack inclination angle θ increases,the shear wave splitting parameter decreases.③Under oil saturation conditions,shear wave splitting parameters increase slightly with increasing porosity when the fractures are connected; when the fracture is not connected,the shear wave splitting parameter decreases with the increase of porosity,and the degree of reduction is relatively large.
引文
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[2]唐杰,方兵,孙成禹,等.基于各向异性流体替换的裂隙介质波传播特征研究[J].石油物探,2015,54(1):1-8.Tang J,Fang B,Sun C Y,et al.Study of seismic wave propagation characteristics based on anisotropic fluid substitution in fractured medium[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2015,54(1):1-8.
[3]刘恩儒,岳建华,潘冬明.地震各向异性-多组裂隙对横波偏振的影响[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(5):1401-1409.Liu E R,Yue J H,Pan D M.Frequency-dependent anisotropy:effects of multiple fracture sets on shear-wave polarizations[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),2006,49(5):1401-1409.
[4]Brown R,Korringa J.On the dependence of the elastic properties of a porous rock on the compressibility of the pore fluid[J].Geophysics,1975,40(4):608-616.
[5]Sil S,Sen M,Gurevich B.Analysis of fluid substitution in a porous and fractured medium[J].Geophysics,2011,76(3):157-166.
[6]Huang L,Jiang T,Omoboya B,et al.Fluid substitution for an HTImedium[C]//SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,2013,516:2659-2663.
[7]唐晓明.含孔隙,裂隙介质弹性波动的统一理论---Biot理论的推广[J].中国科学:地球科学,2011,41(6):784-795.Tang X M.A unified theory for elastic wave propagation through porous media containing cracks-an extension of Biot's poroelastic wave theory[J].Scientia Sinica Terrae,2011,41(6):784-795.
[8]韩开锋,曾新吾.与频率相关的各向异性横波分裂参数提取算法[J].石油地球物理勘探,2011,46(4):593-597.Han K F,Zeng X W.Frequency-dependent anisotropic shear wave splitting parameter extraction algorithm[J].Petroleum Geophysical Exploration,2011,46(4):593-597.
[9]镇晶晶,刘洋,李敏.几种裂缝模型的波场传播特征比较[J].石油地球物理勘探,2012,47(6):908-917,950.Zhen J J,Liu Y,Li M.Comparison of wave field propagation characteristics of several crack models[J].Petroleum Geophysical Exploration,2012,47(6):908-917,950.
[10]张建利,王赟,刘志斌,等.三种双扫描横波分裂算法在裂缝探测中的应用研究[J].石油地球物理勘探,2017,52(1):105-113.Zhang J L,Wang Y,Liu Z B,et al.Application of three doublescan shear wave splitting algorithms in crack detection[J].Petroleum Geophysical Exploration,2017,52(1):105-113.
[11]曹占宁,李向阳,孙绍寒,等.基于岩石物理模型的转换横波分裂在碳酸盐岩裂缝储层预测中的应用[J].石油科学通报,2018,3(1):11-21.Cao Z N,Li X Y,Sun S H,et al.Application of seismic converted shear wave splitting to detect gas and water saturation in fractured carbonate reservoirs based on a rock-physics model[J].Petroleum Science Bulletin,2018,3(1):11-21.
[12]Krief M,Garat J,Stellingwerff J,et al.A petrophysical interpretation using the velocities of P and S waves(full-waveform sonic)[J].Log Analyst,1990,31:355-369.
[13]Schoenberg M,Douma J.Elastic-wave propagation in media with parallel fractures and aligned cracks[J].Geophys.Prosp.,1988,36:571-590.
[14]Sayers C M,Han D H.The effect of pore fluid on the stress-dependent elastic wave velocities in sandstones[C]//Expanded Abstracts of the 72ndAnnual Internat SEG Meeting,2002:1842-1845.
[15]Liu E R,Hudson J A,Pointer T.Equivalent medium representation of fractured rock[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,2000,105(B2):2981-3000.
[16]Sayers C M.Fluid-dependent shear-wave splitting in fractured media[J].Geophysical Prospecting,2002,50:393-401.
[17]Sayers C M,Kachanov M.Microcrack-induced elastic wave anisotropy of brittle rocks[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1995,100(B3):4149-4156.
[18]Sarout J,Guéguen Y.Anisotropy of elastic wave velocities in deformed shales:Part 1-experimental results[J].Geophysics,2008,73(5):75-89.
[19]Sarout J,Guéguen Y.Anisotropy of elastic wave velocities in deformed shales:Part 2-modeling results[J].Geophysics,2008,73(5):91-103.
[20]Gassmann F.ber die Elastizitt por9ser Medien[J].Vierteljahrsschrift der Naturforschende Gesellschaft,1951,96(1):1-23.
[21]Mavko G M,Mukerji T,Dvorkin J.The rock physics handbook,tools for seismic analysis in porous media[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2003:162-204.
[22]Schoenberg M,Sayers C M.Seismic anisotropy of fractured rock[J].Geophysics,1995,60:204-211.
[23]Verdon J P,Kendall J M.Detection of multiple fracture sets using observations of shear-wave splitting in microseismic data[J].Geophysical Prospecting,2011,59(4):593-608.