西藏铜矿资源优势及开发利用展望
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摘要
铜在国民经济发展中占据重要地位,而我国的铜矿资源供给与需求矛盾仍然十分突出。西藏是我国铜矿资源最丰富的地区,科学合理地开发利用西藏地区的铜矿资源对于保证我国的铜矿可持续供应具有举足轻重的作用。本文详细总结了西藏铜矿资源的分布特征以及在西藏地区进行铜矿资源开发的优势和劣势,提出应坚持科学发展观,建设西藏地区主要成矿带铜矿绿色开发基地,加快铜矿资源的科学勘查和有序开发,正确处理资源开发与环境保护的关系,充分发挥铜矿资源开发所带来的经济、社会、环境效益,促进西藏社会的稳定发展,实现精准扶贫目标。
Copper resources play an important role in the development of national economy. However, there is a large gap between supply and demand of copper resources in China. Tibet is a province with the most abundant copper resources in China, so the scientific and rational exploitation of copper resources in Tibet plays a very important role in ensuring the sustainable supply of copper resources in China. This paper summarizes the distribution characteristics of Tibet's copper resources and the advantages and disadvantages for exploiting copper resources in Tibet. It proposes that we should adhere to the concept of scientific development, construct green development bases for copper resources in major metallogenic belts in Tibet, accelerate scientific exploration and orderly development of copper resources, correctly handle the relation between resource development and environment protection, and give full play to the economic, social, and environmental benefits brought about by the exploitation of copper resources, to promote the steady development of Tibetan society and achieve the goal of targeted poverty alleviation.
Copper resources play an important role in the development of national economy. However, there is a large gap between supply and demand of copper resources in China. Tibet is a province with the most abundant copper resources in China, so the scientific and rational exploitation of copper resources in Tibet plays a very important role in ensuring the sustainable supply of copper resources in China. This paper summarizes the distribution characteristics of Tibet's copper resources and the advantages and disadvantages for exploiting copper resources in Tibet. It proposes that we should adhere to the concept of scientific development, construct green development bases for copper resources in major metallogenic belts in Tibet, accelerate scientific exploration and orderly development of copper resources, correctly handle the relation between resource development and environment protection, and give full play to the economic, social, and environmental benefits brought about by the exploitation of copper resources, to promote the steady development of Tibetan society and achieve the goal of targeted poverty alleviation.
引文
[1]周平,唐金荣,杨宗喜,等.铜矿资源战略分析[M].北京:地质出版社,2012.Zhou P,Tang J R,Yang Z X,et al.Strategic analysis of copper resources[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,2012.
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[3]王勤,唐菊兴,谢富伟,等.青藏高原铜矿资源研究进展[J].科技导报,2017,35(12):89-95.Wang Q,Tang J X,Xie F W,et al.Copper resource on QinghaiTibet plateau[J].Science&Technology Review,2017,35(12):89-95.
[4]中华人民共和国自然资源部.中国矿产资源报告[M].北京:地质出版社,2018.Ministry of Natural Resources of the PRC.China mineral resources report[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,2018.
[5]潘凤雏,陈友良,苟金,等.西藏自治区区域成矿规律成果报告[R].拉萨:西藏自治区地质调查院,2013.Pan F C,Chen Y L,Gou J,et al.The report of regional metallogeny of Tibet autonomous region[R].Lhasa:Tibet Institute of Geological Survey,2013.
[6]唐菊兴,王勤,杨欢欢,等.西藏斑岩-矽卡岩-浅成低温热液铜多金属矿成矿作用、勘查方向与资源潜力[J].地球学报,2017,38(5):571-613.Tang J X,Wang Q,Yang H H,et al.Mineralization,exploration and resource potential of porphyry-skarn-epithermal copper polymetallic deposits in Tibet[J].Acta Geoscientica Sinica,2017,38(5):571-613.
[7]Li Y,Selby D,Feely M,et al.Fluid inclusion characteristics and molybdenite Re-Os geochronology of the Qulong porphyry copper-molybdenum deposit,Tibet[J].Mineralium Deposita,2017,52:1-22.
[8]芮宗瑶,李光明,王龙生.青藏高原的金属矿产资源[J].地质通报,2004,23(1):20-23.Rui Z Y,Li G M,Wang L S.Mineral resources in the QinghaiTibet Plateau[J].Geological Bulletin of China,2004,23(1):20-23.
[9]芮宗瑶,李光明,张立生,等.西藏斑岩铜矿对重大地质事件的响应[J].地学前缘,2004(1):145-152.Rui Z Y,Li G M,Zhang L S,et al.The response of porphyry copper deposits to important geological events in Xizang[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2004(1):145-152.
[10]芮宗瑶,黄崇轲,齐国明,等.中国斑岩铜(钼)矿床[M].北京:地质出版社,1984.Rui Z Y,Huang C K,Qi G M,et al.Porphyry copper(molybdenum)deposits in China[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1984.
[11]侯增谦,曲晓明,黄卫,等.冈底斯斑岩铜矿成矿带有望成为西藏第二条“玉龙”铜矿带[J].中国地质,2001,28(10):27-29.Hou Z Q,Qu X M,Huang W,et al.Gangdise porphyry copper metallogenic belt is expected to become the second“Yulong”copper ore belt in Tibet[J].Chinese Geology,2001,28(10):27-29.
[12]曲晓明,辛洪波.藏西班公湖斑岩铜矿带的形成时代与成矿构造环境[J].地质通报,2006,25(7):792-799.Qu X M,Xin H B.Ages and tectonic environment of the Bangong Co porphyry copper belt in western Tibet,China[J].Geological Bulletin of China,2006,25(7):792-799.
[13]宋扬,唐菊兴,曲晓明,等.西藏班公湖-怒江成矿带研究进展及一些新认识[J].地球科学进展,2014,29(7):795-809.Song Y,Tang J X,Qu X M,et al.Progress in the study of mineralizaion in the Bangongco-Nujiang metallogenic belt and some new recognition[J].Advances in Earth Science,2014,29(7):795-809.
[14]侯增谦,王二七,莫宣学,等.青藏高原碰撞造山与成矿作用[M].北京:地质出版社,2008.Hou Z Q,Wang E Q,Mo X X,et al.Collision orogeny and mineralization in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,2008.
[15]陈有顺,房后国,刘娉慧,等.青藏高原矿产资源的分布、形成及开发[J].地理与地理信息科学,2009(6):45-59.Chen Y S,Fang H G,Liu P H,et al.Distribution,formation and exploitation of mineral resources in Qinghai-Tibet plateau[J].Geography and Geo-Information Science,2009(6):45-59.
[16]王璞.西藏铜资源开发利用现状[J].中国钼业,2018,42(2):26-30.Wang P.The status of copper resource exploitation and utilization in Tibet[J].China Molybdenum Industry,2018,42(2):26-30.
[17]牛亚菲.青藏高原生态环境问题研究[J].地理科学进展,1999,18(2):163-171.Niu Y F.The study of environment in the Plateau of Qin-Tibet[J].Progress in Geography,1999,18(2):163-171.
[18]徐友,宁乔冈,张江华.基于生态保护优先的青藏高原矿产资源勘查开发的对策[J].地质通报,2018,37(12):2125-2130.Xu Y,Ning Q G,Zhang J H.Countermeasures and suggestions concerning mineral resources exploitation based on the ecological conservation priority in the Tibetan Plateau[J].Geological Bulletin of China,2018,37(12):2125-2130.
[19]王毓华,邓海波.铜矿选矿技术[M].长沙:中南大学出版社,2012.Wang Y H,Deng H B.Processing technology of copper ores[M].Changsha:Central South University Press,2012.
[20]邴文政,郭正训.充分开发利用铜资源的思考及对策[J].冶金经济与管理,1991(3):22-25.Bing W Z,Guo Z X.Consideration and countermeasure of fully developing and utilizing copper resources[J].Metallurgical Economics and Management,1991(3):22-25.
[21]丁一,王青,顾晓薇.中国铜资源开发利用中的物质投入[J].资源科学,2005,27(5):27-32.Ding Y,Wang Q,Gu X W.Material inputs of copper exploitation in China[J].Resources Science,2005,27(5):27-32.
[2]王京,石香江,牛丽贤,等.基于情景分析法的我国铜资源需求预测[J].中国国土资源经济,2015(5):53-57.Wang J,Shi X J,Niu L X,et al.Cooper resources demand forecasting by scenario analysis in China[J].Natural Resource Economics of China,2015(5):53-57.
[3]王勤,唐菊兴,谢富伟,等.青藏高原铜矿资源研究进展[J].科技导报,2017,35(12):89-95.Wang Q,Tang J X,Xie F W,et al.Copper resource on QinghaiTibet plateau[J].Science&Technology Review,2017,35(12):89-95.
[4]中华人民共和国自然资源部.中国矿产资源报告[M].北京:地质出版社,2018.Ministry of Natural Resources of the PRC.China mineral resources report[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,2018.
[5]潘凤雏,陈友良,苟金,等.西藏自治区区域成矿规律成果报告[R].拉萨:西藏自治区地质调查院,2013.Pan F C,Chen Y L,Gou J,et al.The report of regional metallogeny of Tibet autonomous region[R].Lhasa:Tibet Institute of Geological Survey,2013.
[6]唐菊兴,王勤,杨欢欢,等.西藏斑岩-矽卡岩-浅成低温热液铜多金属矿成矿作用、勘查方向与资源潜力[J].地球学报,2017,38(5):571-613.Tang J X,Wang Q,Yang H H,et al.Mineralization,exploration and resource potential of porphyry-skarn-epithermal copper polymetallic deposits in Tibet[J].Acta Geoscientica Sinica,2017,38(5):571-613.
[7]Li Y,Selby D,Feely M,et al.Fluid inclusion characteristics and molybdenite Re-Os geochronology of the Qulong porphyry copper-molybdenum deposit,Tibet[J].Mineralium Deposita,2017,52:1-22.
[8]芮宗瑶,李光明,王龙生.青藏高原的金属矿产资源[J].地质通报,2004,23(1):20-23.Rui Z Y,Li G M,Wang L S.Mineral resources in the QinghaiTibet Plateau[J].Geological Bulletin of China,2004,23(1):20-23.
[9]芮宗瑶,李光明,张立生,等.西藏斑岩铜矿对重大地质事件的响应[J].地学前缘,2004(1):145-152.Rui Z Y,Li G M,Zhang L S,et al.The response of porphyry copper deposits to important geological events in Xizang[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2004(1):145-152.
[10]芮宗瑶,黄崇轲,齐国明,等.中国斑岩铜(钼)矿床[M].北京:地质出版社,1984.Rui Z Y,Huang C K,Qi G M,et al.Porphyry copper(molybdenum)deposits in China[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1984.
[11]侯增谦,曲晓明,黄卫,等.冈底斯斑岩铜矿成矿带有望成为西藏第二条“玉龙”铜矿带[J].中国地质,2001,28(10):27-29.Hou Z Q,Qu X M,Huang W,et al.Gangdise porphyry copper metallogenic belt is expected to become the second“Yulong”copper ore belt in Tibet[J].Chinese Geology,2001,28(10):27-29.
[12]曲晓明,辛洪波.藏西班公湖斑岩铜矿带的形成时代与成矿构造环境[J].地质通报,2006,25(7):792-799.Qu X M,Xin H B.Ages and tectonic environment of the Bangong Co porphyry copper belt in western Tibet,China[J].Geological Bulletin of China,2006,25(7):792-799.
[13]宋扬,唐菊兴,曲晓明,等.西藏班公湖-怒江成矿带研究进展及一些新认识[J].地球科学进展,2014,29(7):795-809.Song Y,Tang J X,Qu X M,et al.Progress in the study of mineralizaion in the Bangongco-Nujiang metallogenic belt and some new recognition[J].Advances in Earth Science,2014,29(7):795-809.
[14]侯增谦,王二七,莫宣学,等.青藏高原碰撞造山与成矿作用[M].北京:地质出版社,2008.Hou Z Q,Wang E Q,Mo X X,et al.Collision orogeny and mineralization in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,2008.
[15]陈有顺,房后国,刘娉慧,等.青藏高原矿产资源的分布、形成及开发[J].地理与地理信息科学,2009(6):45-59.Chen Y S,Fang H G,Liu P H,et al.Distribution,formation and exploitation of mineral resources in Qinghai-Tibet plateau[J].Geography and Geo-Information Science,2009(6):45-59.
[16]王璞.西藏铜资源开发利用现状[J].中国钼业,2018,42(2):26-30.Wang P.The status of copper resource exploitation and utilization in Tibet[J].China Molybdenum Industry,2018,42(2):26-30.
[17]牛亚菲.青藏高原生态环境问题研究[J].地理科学进展,1999,18(2):163-171.Niu Y F.The study of environment in the Plateau of Qin-Tibet[J].Progress in Geography,1999,18(2):163-171.
[18]徐友,宁乔冈,张江华.基于生态保护优先的青藏高原矿产资源勘查开发的对策[J].地质通报,2018,37(12):2125-2130.Xu Y,Ning Q G,Zhang J H.Countermeasures and suggestions concerning mineral resources exploitation based on the ecological conservation priority in the Tibetan Plateau[J].Geological Bulletin of China,2018,37(12):2125-2130.
[19]王毓华,邓海波.铜矿选矿技术[M].长沙:中南大学出版社,2012.Wang Y H,Deng H B.Processing technology of copper ores[M].Changsha:Central South University Press,2012.
[20]邴文政,郭正训.充分开发利用铜资源的思考及对策[J].冶金经济与管理,1991(3):22-25.Bing W Z,Guo Z X.Consideration and countermeasure of fully developing and utilizing copper resources[J].Metallurgical Economics and Management,1991(3):22-25.
[21]丁一,王青,顾晓薇.中国铜资源开发利用中的物质投入[J].资源科学,2005,27(5):27-32.Ding Y,Wang Q,Gu X W.Material inputs of copper exploitation in China[J].Resources Science,2005,27(5):27-32.