测井约束下高精度叠前地震速度预测
|
摘要
针对地震偏移成像处理预测的速度精度不高,难以满足精细时深转换和地震速度三维建模解释精度的要求,根据地震波动性及旅行时特征,提取出叠前地震道集速度数据中包含的速度特征信息,采用与测井声波速度相互转换、交叉验证、分层约束的速度建模方法,综合考虑地震预测的特征速度与测井声速之间的误差,采取分层段、分尺度三维约束校正,实现了地震低频速度信息和薄层速度相对高频信息相互融合。通过理论模型试算和实际数据测试认为:采取最佳时窗步长为15～20 ms,实现叠前地震道集中特征速度提取与在测井速度质量控制下连续速度的预测结合,该技术在地震成像处理、地震速度建模、构造变速成图等应用中有效地提高了地震资料处理和解释的速度精度。
The prediction accuracy of velocity from seismic migration imaging processing is not high enough to meet the requirements of fine time-depth conversion and 3-D seismic velocity modeling. According to seismic wave and traveltime features,the velocity extracted from prestack seismic gathers was mutually converted,cross-validated and layered constrained with acoustic velocity of well logging to establish velocity model. On the consideration of errors between the seismic velocity and logging acoustic velocity,layered and subscale 3-D constraint correction was carried out to realize the fusion of low-frequency seismic velocity information and relatively high-frequency seismic velocity information of thin layer. The results of theoretical models and practical seismic data show that the best time window step size should be 15-20 ms for the seismic characteristic velocity and the continuous predicted velocity obtained under the quality control of logging velocity. This technology can be used in seismic imaging processing,seismic velocity modeling,variable-velocity structural mapping and so on.It has been proved that continuous velocity improved the accuracy of seismic data processing and interpretation.
The prediction accuracy of velocity from seismic migration imaging processing is not high enough to meet the requirements of fine time-depth conversion and 3-D seismic velocity modeling. According to seismic wave and traveltime features,the velocity extracted from prestack seismic gathers was mutually converted,cross-validated and layered constrained with acoustic velocity of well logging to establish velocity model. On the consideration of errors between the seismic velocity and logging acoustic velocity,layered and subscale 3-D constraint correction was carried out to realize the fusion of low-frequency seismic velocity information and relatively high-frequency seismic velocity information of thin layer. The results of theoretical models and practical seismic data show that the best time window step size should be 15-20 ms for the seismic characteristic velocity and the continuous predicted velocity obtained under the quality control of logging velocity. This technology can be used in seismic imaging processing,seismic velocity modeling,variable-velocity structural mapping and so on.It has been proved that continuous velocity improved the accuracy of seismic data processing and interpretation.
引文
[1]雍学善,余建平,石兰亭.一种三维高精度储层参数反演方法.石油地球物理勘探,1997,32(6):852-856.YONG X S,YU J P,SHI L T. A three-dimensional high-precision reservoir parameter inversion method. Oil Geophysical Prospecting,1997,32(6):852-856.
[2]雍学善,刘全新,卫平生,等.砂泥岩薄互层储层预测的难点与对策.天然气工业,2005,25(增刊B):96-100.YONG X S,LIU Q X,WEI P S,et al. Difficulties and countermeasures to predict reservoirs with thin sand-shale alternating layers. Nature Gas Industry,2005,25(Suppl B):96-100.
[3]杜斌山,贺振华,曹正林,等.地震地质多信息融合的井震标定方法研究.天然气地球科学,2009,20(2):254-258.DU B S,HE Z H,CAO Z L,et al. Research on seismic calibration method for multi-information fusion of seismic geology.Natural Gas Geoscience,2009,20(2):254-258.
[4]于彩霞,赵惊涛,王真理.VTI介质快速偏移速度分析.石油地球物理勘探,2013,48(5):688-693.YU C X,ZHAO J T,WANG Z L. VTI media fast offset speed analysis. Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2013,48(5):688-693.
[5]常丁月,张才,胡天跃.多聚焦叠加方法述评.石油地球物理勘探,2017,52(5):1103-1111.CHANG D Y,ZHANG C,HU T Y. Review of multi-focus superposition method. Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2017,52(5):1103-1111.
[6]赵玲芝,谷跃民,张建中.多信息融合的近地表速度建模技术及应用.石油地球物理勘探,2017,52(1):34-41.ZHAO L Z,GU Y M,ZHANG J Z. Near-surface velocity modeling technology and application of multi-information fusion.Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2017,52(1):34-41.
[7]秦宁,王延光,杨晓东,等.基于角道集剩余曲率分析的层析速度建模.石油地球物理勘探,2015,50(1):61-66.QIN N,WANG Y G,YANG X D,et al. Chromatographic velocity modeling based on residual curvature analysis of corner sets.Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2015,50(1):61-66.
[8]马彦彦,李国发,张星宇,等.叠前深度偏移速度建模方法分析.石油地球物理勘探,2014,49(4):687-693.MA Y Y,LI G F,ZHANG X Y,et al. Analysis of modeling method for prestack depth migration velocity. Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2014,49(4):687-693.
[9]程玉坤,刘建红,周振晓,等.速度建模特色技术的实际应用.石油地球物理勘探,2017,52(增刊2):110-115.CHENG Y K,LIU J H,ZHOU Z X,et al. Practical application of speed modeling features. Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2017,52(Suppl 2):110-115.
[10]撒利明,杨午阳,杜启振,等.地震偏移成像技术回顾与展望.石油地球物理勘探,2015,50(5):1016-1036.SA L M,YANG W Y,DU Q Z,et al. Review and prospect of seismic migration imaging technology. Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2015,50(5):1016-1036.
[11]杜斌山,贺振华,王绪本,等.基于地震偶极子波多重积分的初始阻抗模型建立方法.物探化探计算技术,2017,39(1):71-80.DU B S,HE Z H,WANG X B,et al. Initial impedance model establishment based on the seismic dipole wavelet and multiple integral methods. Computing Techniques for Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,2017,39(1):71-80.
[12]杜斌山,贺振华,雍学善,等.波形与走时联合初始阻抗模型建立方法研究.天津:中国石油学会物探技术研讨会,2017:1048-1051.DU B S,HE Z H,YONG X S,et al. Research on the establishment of initial impedance model for waveform and travel time. Tianjin:China Petroleum Institute Geophysical Technology Seminar,2017:1048-1051.
[13]管文胜,段文胜,查明,等.利用基于模型的层析速度反演进行低幅度构造成像.石油地球物理勘探,2017,52(1):87-93.GUAN W S,DUAN W S,ZHA M,et al. Low-amplitude structural imaging using model-based tomographic velocity inversion. Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2017,52(1):87-93.
[14]乐友喜,刘陈希,问雪,等.变速成图速度场随机建模的不确定性分析.石油地球物理勘探,2016,51(4):714-720.LE Y X,LIU C X,WEN X,et al. Uncertainty analysis of stochastic modeling of variable velocity map. Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2016,51(4):714-720.
[15]潘宏勋,方伍宝,李满树.南方山前带B区地震速度建模及偏移成像.石油地球物理勘探,2013,48(4):526-530.PAN H X,FANG W B,LI M S. Seismic velocity modeling and migration imaging of the B-zone in the southern piedmont area.Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2013,48(4):526-530.
[16]王西文,刘全新,苏明军,等.多井约束下的速度建模方法和应用.石油地球物理勘探,2003,38(3):263-267.WANG X W,LIU Q X,SU M J,et al. Method and application of velocity modeling under multi-well constraints. Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2003,38(3):263-267.
[17]王威.东北地区须家河组天然气高效成藏模式探讨.岩性油气藏,2018,30(3):30-37.WANG W. High efficient reservoir accumulation models of natural gas of Xujiahe Formation in northeastern Sichuan Basin.Lithologic Reservoirs,2018,30(3):30-37.
[18]石战战,唐湘蓉,庞溯,等.一种基于SC-DTW的叠前道集剩余时差校正方法.岩性油气藏,2017,29(5):113-119.SHI Z Z,TANG X R,PANG S,et al. Prestack gather residual moveout correction based on shape context and dynamic time warping. Lithologic Reservoirs,2017,29(5):113-119.
[19]陶帅,郝永卯,周杰,等.透镜体低渗透岩性油藏合理井网井距研究.岩性油气藏,2018,30(5):116-123.TAO S,HAO Y M,ZHOU J,et al. Reasonable pattern well spacing deployment of lens lithologic reservoirs with low permeability. Lithologic Reservoirs,2018,30(5):116-123.
[20]刘文卿,王孝,胡书华,等.测井与全方位道集联合各向异性参数建模及成像.岩性油气藏,2018,30(6):86-91.LIU W Q,WANG X,HU S H,et al. Well constrained anisotropic velocity model building based on full-azimuth angle gathers and imaging. Lithologic Reservoirs,2018,30(6):86-91.
[21]陈国文,沈亚,袁云超,等.柴西南地区岩性油藏地震评价关键技术方法.岩性油气藏,2018,30(5):74-81.CHEN G W,SHEN Y,YUAN Y C,et al. Key techniques for seismic evaluation of lithologic reservoirs in southwestern Qaidam Basin. Lithologic Reservoirs,2018,30(5):74-81.
[22]周鹏,刘志斌,张益明,等.动校剩余时差处理方法及应用.地球物理学进展,2015,30(5):2349-2353.ZHOU P,LIU Z B,ZHANG Y M,et al. The processing method and application of the residual moveout NMO. Progress in Geophysics,2015,30(5):2349-2353.
[23]张建坤,吴鑫,方度,等.马头营凸起馆二段窄薄河道砂体地震识别.岩性油气藏,2018,30(6):92-100.ZHANG J K,WU X,FANG D,et al. Seismic identification of narrow and thin channel sandbodies in the member 2 of Guantao Formation,Matouying Uplift. Lithologic Reservoirs,2018,30(6):92-100.
[24]陆基孟.地震勘探原理(上册).东营:中国石油大学出版社,1996:211-222.LU J M. Principles of seismic exploration. Dongying:China University of Petroleum Press,1996:211-222.
[2]雍学善,刘全新,卫平生,等.砂泥岩薄互层储层预测的难点与对策.天然气工业,2005,25(增刊B):96-100.YONG X S,LIU Q X,WEI P S,et al. Difficulties and countermeasures to predict reservoirs with thin sand-shale alternating layers. Nature Gas Industry,2005,25(Suppl B):96-100.
[3]杜斌山,贺振华,曹正林,等.地震地质多信息融合的井震标定方法研究.天然气地球科学,2009,20(2):254-258.DU B S,HE Z H,CAO Z L,et al. Research on seismic calibration method for multi-information fusion of seismic geology.Natural Gas Geoscience,2009,20(2):254-258.
[4]于彩霞,赵惊涛,王真理.VTI介质快速偏移速度分析.石油地球物理勘探,2013,48(5):688-693.YU C X,ZHAO J T,WANG Z L. VTI media fast offset speed analysis. Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2013,48(5):688-693.
[5]常丁月,张才,胡天跃.多聚焦叠加方法述评.石油地球物理勘探,2017,52(5):1103-1111.CHANG D Y,ZHANG C,HU T Y. Review of multi-focus superposition method. Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2017,52(5):1103-1111.
[6]赵玲芝,谷跃民,张建中.多信息融合的近地表速度建模技术及应用.石油地球物理勘探,2017,52(1):34-41.ZHAO L Z,GU Y M,ZHANG J Z. Near-surface velocity modeling technology and application of multi-information fusion.Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2017,52(1):34-41.
[7]秦宁,王延光,杨晓东,等.基于角道集剩余曲率分析的层析速度建模.石油地球物理勘探,2015,50(1):61-66.QIN N,WANG Y G,YANG X D,et al. Chromatographic velocity modeling based on residual curvature analysis of corner sets.Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2015,50(1):61-66.
[8]马彦彦,李国发,张星宇,等.叠前深度偏移速度建模方法分析.石油地球物理勘探,2014,49(4):687-693.MA Y Y,LI G F,ZHANG X Y,et al. Analysis of modeling method for prestack depth migration velocity. Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2014,49(4):687-693.
[9]程玉坤,刘建红,周振晓,等.速度建模特色技术的实际应用.石油地球物理勘探,2017,52(增刊2):110-115.CHENG Y K,LIU J H,ZHOU Z X,et al. Practical application of speed modeling features. Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2017,52(Suppl 2):110-115.
[10]撒利明,杨午阳,杜启振,等.地震偏移成像技术回顾与展望.石油地球物理勘探,2015,50(5):1016-1036.SA L M,YANG W Y,DU Q Z,et al. Review and prospect of seismic migration imaging technology. Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2015,50(5):1016-1036.
[11]杜斌山,贺振华,王绪本,等.基于地震偶极子波多重积分的初始阻抗模型建立方法.物探化探计算技术,2017,39(1):71-80.DU B S,HE Z H,WANG X B,et al. Initial impedance model establishment based on the seismic dipole wavelet and multiple integral methods. Computing Techniques for Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,2017,39(1):71-80.
[12]杜斌山,贺振华,雍学善,等.波形与走时联合初始阻抗模型建立方法研究.天津:中国石油学会物探技术研讨会,2017:1048-1051.DU B S,HE Z H,YONG X S,et al. Research on the establishment of initial impedance model for waveform and travel time. Tianjin:China Petroleum Institute Geophysical Technology Seminar,2017:1048-1051.
[13]管文胜,段文胜,查明,等.利用基于模型的层析速度反演进行低幅度构造成像.石油地球物理勘探,2017,52(1):87-93.GUAN W S,DUAN W S,ZHA M,et al. Low-amplitude structural imaging using model-based tomographic velocity inversion. Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2017,52(1):87-93.
[14]乐友喜,刘陈希,问雪,等.变速成图速度场随机建模的不确定性分析.石油地球物理勘探,2016,51(4):714-720.LE Y X,LIU C X,WEN X,et al. Uncertainty analysis of stochastic modeling of variable velocity map. Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2016,51(4):714-720.
[15]潘宏勋,方伍宝,李满树.南方山前带B区地震速度建模及偏移成像.石油地球物理勘探,2013,48(4):526-530.PAN H X,FANG W B,LI M S. Seismic velocity modeling and migration imaging of the B-zone in the southern piedmont area.Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2013,48(4):526-530.
[16]王西文,刘全新,苏明军,等.多井约束下的速度建模方法和应用.石油地球物理勘探,2003,38(3):263-267.WANG X W,LIU Q X,SU M J,et al. Method and application of velocity modeling under multi-well constraints. Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2003,38(3):263-267.
[17]王威.东北地区须家河组天然气高效成藏模式探讨.岩性油气藏,2018,30(3):30-37.WANG W. High efficient reservoir accumulation models of natural gas of Xujiahe Formation in northeastern Sichuan Basin.Lithologic Reservoirs,2018,30(3):30-37.
[18]石战战,唐湘蓉,庞溯,等.一种基于SC-DTW的叠前道集剩余时差校正方法.岩性油气藏,2017,29(5):113-119.SHI Z Z,TANG X R,PANG S,et al. Prestack gather residual moveout correction based on shape context and dynamic time warping. Lithologic Reservoirs,2017,29(5):113-119.
[19]陶帅,郝永卯,周杰,等.透镜体低渗透岩性油藏合理井网井距研究.岩性油气藏,2018,30(5):116-123.TAO S,HAO Y M,ZHOU J,et al. Reasonable pattern well spacing deployment of lens lithologic reservoirs with low permeability. Lithologic Reservoirs,2018,30(5):116-123.
[20]刘文卿,王孝,胡书华,等.测井与全方位道集联合各向异性参数建模及成像.岩性油气藏,2018,30(6):86-91.LIU W Q,WANG X,HU S H,et al. Well constrained anisotropic velocity model building based on full-azimuth angle gathers and imaging. Lithologic Reservoirs,2018,30(6):86-91.
[21]陈国文,沈亚,袁云超,等.柴西南地区岩性油藏地震评价关键技术方法.岩性油气藏,2018,30(5):74-81.CHEN G W,SHEN Y,YUAN Y C,et al. Key techniques for seismic evaluation of lithologic reservoirs in southwestern Qaidam Basin. Lithologic Reservoirs,2018,30(5):74-81.
[22]周鹏,刘志斌,张益明,等.动校剩余时差处理方法及应用.地球物理学进展,2015,30(5):2349-2353.ZHOU P,LIU Z B,ZHANG Y M,et al. The processing method and application of the residual moveout NMO. Progress in Geophysics,2015,30(5):2349-2353.
[23]张建坤,吴鑫,方度,等.马头营凸起馆二段窄薄河道砂体地震识别.岩性油气藏,2018,30(6):92-100.ZHANG J K,WU X,FANG D,et al. Seismic identification of narrow and thin channel sandbodies in the member 2 of Guantao Formation,Matouying Uplift. Lithologic Reservoirs,2018,30(6):92-100.
[24]陆基孟.地震勘探原理(上册).东营:中国石油大学出版社,1996:211-222.LU J M. Principles of seismic exploration. Dongying:China University of Petroleum Press,1996:211-222.