水深对黑藻叶绿素含量和抗氧化酶活性的影响
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摘要
采用控制试验方法,将黑藻种植在水下0.5～1.4 m的花盆内,研究不同水深对沉水植物黑藻(Hydrilla verticillata)叶绿素含量、抗氧化酶活性、丙二醛(MDA)、根系活力的影响,探讨黑藻在该区间的最适生长水位,为黑藻成功定植提供理论依据。结果表明:随着水深增加,水下光强显著衰减,黑藻叶绿素a、叶绿素b、叶绿素a+b含量呈不断上升趋势,叶绿素a/b无明显变化,类胡萝卜素(Car)含量不断增加;水深对黑藻抗氧化酶活性影响差异显著(P<0.05),黑藻超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性总体呈先上升后下降趋势;水深0.5～0.8 m处黑藻膜脂过氧化程度加剧,促使MDA含量增加,抗氧化物酶(SOD、POD)活性升高;水深由0.5 m增加至1.4 m,黑藻可溶性蛋白含量无显著变化,根系活力由0.12增加至0.51 mg·g-1·h-1,各水深组之间差异显著(P<0.05);水深对黑藻生理产生一定的影响,水深较浅处(0.5～0.8 m)黑藻植株生长及生理均遭受强光抑制作用,表现为植株发黄,产生断枝、残叶、叶绿素含量降低、膜脂过氧化程度加剧等;在水域生态恢复中应考虑0.9～1.4 m的水深范围恢复黑藻种群以利于其种群生长以及水生生态系统的恢复。
To clarify the optimal water level for the growth of Hydrilla verticillata and provide theoretical basis for the successful colonization of H. verticillata,we planted H. verticillata in pots with depths of 0.5-1.4 m under water using controlled experiment to examine the influence of water depths on chlorophyll content,antioxidative enzyme activity,malondialdehyde( MDA),and root activity of H. verticillata. With the increases of water depth,underwater light intensity significantly decreased,whereas chlorophyll a,chlorophyll b,and chlorophyll a+b contents of H. verticillata increased. No significant change was found in chlorophyll a/b,and carotenoid( Car) content increased constantly. Water depth had a significant effect on the antioxidant enzyme activity of H. verticillata( P<0.05). The activity of superoxide dismutase( SOD),peroxidase( POD),and catalase( CAT) increased first and then decreased. The membrane lipid peroxidation of H.verticillata intensified at the depth of 0.5-0.8 m,which promoted the maximum MDA content and increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes( SOD,POD). When water depth increased from0.5 m to 1.4 m,there was no significant change of soluble protein content. Root activity increased from 0.12 to 0.51 mg·g-1·h-1,with significant differences among different water depths( P<0.05).Water depth affected the physiology of H. verticillata. The growth and physiology of H. verticillata in the shallow depths( 0. 5-0. 8 m) were strongly inhibited by light availability,manifested as yellow plants,broken branches,residual leaves,reduced chlorophyll content,and increased membrane lipid peroxidation. During the ecological restoration of waters,therefore,a range of0.9-1.4 m water depth should be considered to restore H. verticillata population,which would facilitate the restoration of aquatic ecosystems.
To clarify the optimal water level for the growth of Hydrilla verticillata and provide theoretical basis for the successful colonization of H. verticillata,we planted H. verticillata in pots with depths of 0.5-1.4 m under water using controlled experiment to examine the influence of water depths on chlorophyll content,antioxidative enzyme activity,malondialdehyde( MDA),and root activity of H. verticillata. With the increases of water depth,underwater light intensity significantly decreased,whereas chlorophyll a,chlorophyll b,and chlorophyll a+b contents of H. verticillata increased. No significant change was found in chlorophyll a/b,and carotenoid( Car) content increased constantly. Water depth had a significant effect on the antioxidant enzyme activity of H. verticillata( P<0.05). The activity of superoxide dismutase( SOD),peroxidase( POD),and catalase( CAT) increased first and then decreased. The membrane lipid peroxidation of H.verticillata intensified at the depth of 0.5-0.8 m,which promoted the maximum MDA content and increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes( SOD,POD). When water depth increased from0.5 m to 1.4 m,there was no significant change of soluble protein content. Root activity increased from 0.12 to 0.51 mg·g-1·h-1,with significant differences among different water depths( P<0.05).Water depth affected the physiology of H. verticillata. The growth and physiology of H. verticillata in the shallow depths( 0. 5-0. 8 m) were strongly inhibited by light availability,manifested as yellow plants,broken branches,residual leaves,reduced chlorophyll content,and increased membrane lipid peroxidation. During the ecological restoration of waters,therefore,a range of0.9-1.4 m water depth should be considered to restore H. verticillata population,which would facilitate the restoration of aquatic ecosystems.
引文
柏祥,陈开宁,黄蔚,等.2011.黄菖蒲和美人蕉对水深梯度的响应差异.生态学杂志,30(3):464-470.
蔡志全,曹坤芳,冯玉龙,等.2003.夜间低温胁迫对两种生长光强下藤黄幼苗叶片荧光特征和活性氧代谢的影响.应用生态学报,14(3):326-330.
曹昀,张素娟,刘燕燕,等.2014.水深梯度对苦草生长和生物量的影响.生态环境学报,233(8):1332-1337.
陈润政,黄上志.1998.植物生理学.广东:中山大学出版社.
陈正勇,王国祥,吴晓东,等.2011.不同水深条件下菹草(Potamogeton crispus)的适应对策.湖泊科学,23(6):942-948.
方志红,董宽虎.2010.Na Cl胁迫对碱蒿可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量的影响.中国农学通报,26(16):147-149.
简敏菲,简美锋,李玲玉,等.2015.鄱阳湖典型湿地沉水植物的分布格局及其水环境影响因子.长江流域资源与环境,24(5):765-772.
刘俊初,于丹,刘春花.2016.春季不同程度低水位对四种沉水植物生理的影响.水生生物学报,40(3):532-537.
苏文华,张光飞,张云孙,等.2004.5种沉水植物的光合特征.水生生物学报,28(4):391-395.
王娟,李德全.2001.逆境条件下植物体内渗透调节物质的积累与活性氧代谢.植物学报,18(4):459-465.
王丽,胡金明,宋长春,等.2007.水位梯度对三江平原典型湿地植物根茎萌发及生长的影响.应用生态学报,18(11):2432-2437.
王学奎,黄见良.2015.植物生理生化实验原理与技术.北京:高等教育出版社.
韦颖.2015.三种植物对水位变化的形态和生理响应(硕士学位论文).南京:南京大学.
魏道智,宁书菊,林文雄.2004.小麦根系活力变化与叶片衰老的研究.应用生态学报,15(9):1565-1569.
吴娟,吴振斌,成水平.2009.黑藻对水体和沉积物理化性质的改善和营养元素的去除作用.水生生物学报,33(4):589-595.
吴晓东,王国祥,魏宏农,等.2012.模拟水位上升对黑藻生长的影响.湖泊科学,24(3):384-390.
徐洋,刘文治,刘贵华.2009.生态位限制和物种库限制对湖滨湿地植物群落分布格局的影响.植物生态学报,33(3):546-554.
徐金英,陈海梅,王晓龙.2016.水深对湿地植物生长和繁殖影响研究进展.湿地科学,14(5):725-732.
徐勤松,施国新,王学,等.2006.镉、铜和锌胁迫下黑藻活性氧的产生及抗氧化酶活性的变化研究.水生生物学报,30(1):107-112.
徐治国,何岩,闫百兴,等.2006.营养物及水位变化对湿地植物的影响.生态学杂志,25(1):87-92.
杨鑫,张启超,孙淑雲,等.2014.水深对苦草生长及叶片PSⅡ光化学特性的影响.应用生态学报,25(6):1623-1631.
袁龙义,李守淳,李伟,等.2007.水深对刺苦草生长和繁殖策略的影响研究.江西师范大学学报:自然版,31(2):156-160.
赵强.2006.受污染水体沉水植物轮叶黑藻恢复的若干生理生态学问题研究(博士学位论文).武汉:中国科学院研究生院(水生生物研究所).
Ahmed S,Nawata E,Hosokawa M,et al.2002.Alterations in photosynthesis and some antioxidant enzymatic activities of mungbean subjected to waterlogging.Plant Science,163:117-123.
Ashraf M,Arfan M.2005.Gas exchange characteristics and water relations in two cultivars of Hibiscus esculentus under waterlogging.Biologia Plantarum,49:459-462.
Blanch SJ,Ganf GG,Walker KF.2015.Tolerance of riverine plants to flooding and exposure indicated by water regime.River Research&Applications,15:43-62.
Bucak T,Saraoglu E,Levi E,et al.2012.The influence of water level on macrophyte growth and trophic interactions in eutrophic Mediterranean shallow lakes:A mesocosm experiment with and without fish.Freshwater Biology,57:1631-1642.
Carpenter SR,Lodge DM.1986.Effects of submersed macrophytes on ecosystem processes.Aquatic Botany,26:341-370.
Chen M,Zhang LL,Tuo YC,et al.2016.Treatability thresholds for cadmium-contaminated water in the wetland macrophyte Hydrilla verticillata(L.f.)Royle.Ecological Engineering,96:178-186.
Fu H,Yuan G,Cao T,et al.2012.An alternative mechanism for shade adaptation:Implication of allometric responses of three submersed macrophytes to water depth.Ecological Research,27:1087-1094.
Li W,Cao T,Ni L,et al.2013.Effects of water depth on carbon,nitrogen and phosphorus stoichiometry of five submersed macrophytes in an in situ,experiment.Ecological Engineering,61:358-365.
Liu XZ,Huang BR.2000.Heat stress injury in relation to membrane lipid peroxidation in creeping bentgrass.Crop Science,40:503-510.
Sculthorpe CD.1967.The Biology of Aquatic Vascular Plants.London:Edward Amold.
Van TK,Haller WT,Bowes G.1976.Comparison of the photosynthetic characteristics of three submersed aquatic plants.Plant Physiology,58:761-768.
Zhang Y,Zhang B,Ma R,et al.2007.Optically active substances and their contributions to the underwater light climate in Lake Taihu,a large shallow lake in China.Fundamental&Applied Limnology,170:11-19.
蔡志全,曹坤芳,冯玉龙,等.2003.夜间低温胁迫对两种生长光强下藤黄幼苗叶片荧光特征和活性氧代谢的影响.应用生态学报,14(3):326-330.
曹昀,张素娟,刘燕燕,等.2014.水深梯度对苦草生长和生物量的影响.生态环境学报,233(8):1332-1337.
陈润政,黄上志.1998.植物生理学.广东:中山大学出版社.
陈正勇,王国祥,吴晓东,等.2011.不同水深条件下菹草(Potamogeton crispus)的适应对策.湖泊科学,23(6):942-948.
方志红,董宽虎.2010.Na Cl胁迫对碱蒿可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量的影响.中国农学通报,26(16):147-149.
简敏菲,简美锋,李玲玉,等.2015.鄱阳湖典型湿地沉水植物的分布格局及其水环境影响因子.长江流域资源与环境,24(5):765-772.
刘俊初,于丹,刘春花.2016.春季不同程度低水位对四种沉水植物生理的影响.水生生物学报,40(3):532-537.
苏文华,张光飞,张云孙,等.2004.5种沉水植物的光合特征.水生生物学报,28(4):391-395.
王娟,李德全.2001.逆境条件下植物体内渗透调节物质的积累与活性氧代谢.植物学报,18(4):459-465.
王丽,胡金明,宋长春,等.2007.水位梯度对三江平原典型湿地植物根茎萌发及生长的影响.应用生态学报,18(11):2432-2437.
王学奎,黄见良.2015.植物生理生化实验原理与技术.北京:高等教育出版社.
韦颖.2015.三种植物对水位变化的形态和生理响应(硕士学位论文).南京:南京大学.
魏道智,宁书菊,林文雄.2004.小麦根系活力变化与叶片衰老的研究.应用生态学报,15(9):1565-1569.
吴娟,吴振斌,成水平.2009.黑藻对水体和沉积物理化性质的改善和营养元素的去除作用.水生生物学报,33(4):589-595.
吴晓东,王国祥,魏宏农,等.2012.模拟水位上升对黑藻生长的影响.湖泊科学,24(3):384-390.
徐洋,刘文治,刘贵华.2009.生态位限制和物种库限制对湖滨湿地植物群落分布格局的影响.植物生态学报,33(3):546-554.
徐金英,陈海梅,王晓龙.2016.水深对湿地植物生长和繁殖影响研究进展.湿地科学,14(5):725-732.
徐勤松,施国新,王学,等.2006.镉、铜和锌胁迫下黑藻活性氧的产生及抗氧化酶活性的变化研究.水生生物学报,30(1):107-112.
徐治国,何岩,闫百兴,等.2006.营养物及水位变化对湿地植物的影响.生态学杂志,25(1):87-92.
杨鑫,张启超,孙淑雲,等.2014.水深对苦草生长及叶片PSⅡ光化学特性的影响.应用生态学报,25(6):1623-1631.
袁龙义,李守淳,李伟,等.2007.水深对刺苦草生长和繁殖策略的影响研究.江西师范大学学报:自然版,31(2):156-160.
赵强.2006.受污染水体沉水植物轮叶黑藻恢复的若干生理生态学问题研究(博士学位论文).武汉:中国科学院研究生院(水生生物研究所).
Ahmed S,Nawata E,Hosokawa M,et al.2002.Alterations in photosynthesis and some antioxidant enzymatic activities of mungbean subjected to waterlogging.Plant Science,163:117-123.
Ashraf M,Arfan M.2005.Gas exchange characteristics and water relations in two cultivars of Hibiscus esculentus under waterlogging.Biologia Plantarum,49:459-462.
Blanch SJ,Ganf GG,Walker KF.2015.Tolerance of riverine plants to flooding and exposure indicated by water regime.River Research&Applications,15:43-62.
Bucak T,Saraoglu E,Levi E,et al.2012.The influence of water level on macrophyte growth and trophic interactions in eutrophic Mediterranean shallow lakes:A mesocosm experiment with and without fish.Freshwater Biology,57:1631-1642.
Carpenter SR,Lodge DM.1986.Effects of submersed macrophytes on ecosystem processes.Aquatic Botany,26:341-370.
Chen M,Zhang LL,Tuo YC,et al.2016.Treatability thresholds for cadmium-contaminated water in the wetland macrophyte Hydrilla verticillata(L.f.)Royle.Ecological Engineering,96:178-186.
Fu H,Yuan G,Cao T,et al.2012.An alternative mechanism for shade adaptation:Implication of allometric responses of three submersed macrophytes to water depth.Ecological Research,27:1087-1094.
Li W,Cao T,Ni L,et al.2013.Effects of water depth on carbon,nitrogen and phosphorus stoichiometry of five submersed macrophytes in an in situ,experiment.Ecological Engineering,61:358-365.
Liu XZ,Huang BR.2000.Heat stress injury in relation to membrane lipid peroxidation in creeping bentgrass.Crop Science,40:503-510.
Sculthorpe CD.1967.The Biology of Aquatic Vascular Plants.London:Edward Amold.
Van TK,Haller WT,Bowes G.1976.Comparison of the photosynthetic characteristics of three submersed aquatic plants.Plant Physiology,58:761-768.
Zhang Y,Zhang B,Ma R,et al.2007.Optically active substances and their contributions to the underwater light climate in Lake Taihu,a large shallow lake in China.Fundamental&Applied Limnology,170:11-19.
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