目标激光回波散斑的时空域探测方法研究
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摘要
针对现有脉冲激光回波目标识别方法不能准确反映目标姿态的关键问题,提出一种基于激光回波与散斑的时空域目标探测方法,重点建立了粗糙目标的脉冲激光回波与二维激光散斑模型,通过对平面、球面和非球面三种面型目标进行仿真,不仅可以映射出不同目标的面型和偏转角度,还可以区分目标的偏转方向,说明该方法的可行性与有效性。
Aiming at the key problem that the existing target recognition methods based on pulse laser cannot reflect the shape and position of the target, a time-space target detection method based on pulse laser echo and speckle is proposed. The models of one-dimensional laser echo and two-dimensional laser speckle in time and space domain are deduced. Based on the models, typical targets including planar, spherical and aspherical are employed to test models. The results show that the proposed method not only reflects the surface shape and deflected angle of targets, but also distinguishes the deflected direction of targets, which indicates that the feasibility and effectiveness of the method.
Aiming at the key problem that the existing target recognition methods based on pulse laser cannot reflect the shape and position of the target, a time-space target detection method based on pulse laser echo and speckle is proposed. The models of one-dimensional laser echo and two-dimensional laser speckle in time and space domain are deduced. Based on the models, typical targets including planar, spherical and aspherical are employed to test models. The results show that the proposed method not only reflects the surface shape and deflected angle of targets, but also distinguishes the deflected direction of targets, which indicates that the feasibility and effectiveness of the method.
引文
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[2] 郭昱,佘二永,王清华,等.基于改进SURF算法的人脸点云配准[J].光学技术,2018,44(3):333—338.Guo Yu,She Eryong,Wang Qinghua,et al.Face point cloud registration based on improved SURF algorithm[J].Optical Technique,2018,44(3):333—338.
[3] 王育坚,吴明明,高倩.基于保局PCA的三维点云配准算法[J].光学技术,2018,44(5):562—568.Wang Yujian,Wu Mingming,Gao Qian.3D point cloud registration algorithm based on locality preserving PCA[J].Optical Technique,2018,44(5):562—568.
[4] 张文明,吴旭,高雅昆,等.一种基于特征提取的点云精简算法[J].光学技术,2018,44(6):733—738.Zhang Wenming,Wu Xu,Gao Yakun,et al.A simplification algorithm for point cloud based on feature extraction[J].Optical Technique,2018,44(6):733—738.
[5] 陈晓清,马君国,赵宏钟,等.激光成像雷达自动目标识别技术综述[J].现代防御技术,2009,37(6):114—117.Chen Xiaoqing,Ma Junguo,Zhao Hongzhong,et al.Survey of automatic target recognition technology of imaging laser radar[J].Modern Defence Technology,2009,37(6):114—117.
[6] 王新伟,刘晓泉,游瑞蓉,等.距离选通超分辨率三维成像及其应用[J].红外与激光工程,2016,45(8):0824001-1—0824001-8.Wang Xinwei,Liu Xiaoquan,You Ruirong,et al.Three dimensional super-resolution range-gated imaging and its applications[J].Infrared and Laser Engineering,2016,45(8):0824001-1—0824008-8.
[7] 刘立宝,蔡喜平,乔立杰,等.激光主动成像制导雷达的研究方向[J].红外与激光工程,2000,29(2):36—40.Liu Libao,Cai Xiping,Qiao Lijie,et al.Research of active imaging guiding lidar system[J].Infrared and Laser Engineering,2000,29(2):36—40.
[8] 李建中,彭其先,李泽仁,等.弹载激光主动成像制导技术发展现状分析[J].红外与激光工程,2014,(4):1117—1123.Li Jianzhong,Peng Qixian,Li Zeren,et al.Technology of missile-borne laser active imaging guidance[J].Infrared and Laser Engineering,2014,(4):1117—1123.
[9] Qin Yuchu,Tuong Thuy Vu,Ban Yifang,et al.Range determination for generating point clouds from airborne small footprint LiDAR waveforms[J].Optics Express,2012,20(23):25935—25947.
[10] 李增元,刘清旺,庞勇.激光雷达森林参数反演研究进展[J].遥感学报,2016,20(5):1138—1150.Li Zengyuan,Liu Qingwang,Pang Yong.Research progress of forest parameters inversion by lidar[J].Journal of Remote Sensing,2016,20(5):1138—1150.
[11] Teemu Hakala,Juha Suomalainen,Sanna Kaasalainen,et al.Full waveform hyperspectral LiDAR for terrestrial laser scanning[J].Optics Express,2012,20(7):7119—27.
[12] 陈涛.机载激光雷达技术在构造地貌定量化研究中的应用[J].国际地震动态,2015,I(6):44—46.Chen Tao.Application of airborne lidar technology in quantitative research of tectonic geomorphology[J].Recent Developments in World Seismology,2015,I(6):44—46.
[13] 胡翠春,牛丽红,袁清钰,等.基于扫描相机的激光三维成像研究[J].光学技术,2017,43(3):248—251.Hu Cuichun,Niu Lihong,Yuan Qingyu,et al.Research of 3D imaging based on streak tube imaging lidar[J].Optical Technique,2017,43(3):248—251.
[14] Ove Steinvall.Effects of target shape and reflection on laser radar cross sections [J].Applied Optics,2000,39(24):4381—91.
[15] Johan C,Robin M,and Ric(H.)M.A.Identification of air and sea-surface targets with a laser range profiler[C]// SPIE Defense,Security,and Sensing.Orlando,Florida,United States:SPIE,2009:73230Y1—12.
[16] 陈剑彪,孙华燕,赵延仲.空中目标激光雷达一维距离像仿真及实验研究[J].激光与光电子学进展,2017,54(07):324—331.Chen Jianbiao,Sun Huayan,Zhao Yanzhong.Simulation and experimental research on one-dimensional lidar range profile of airborne target[J].Laser & Optoelectronics Progress,2017,54(07):324—331.
[17] 徐孝彬,张合,陈杉杉.脉冲激光周向探测平面目标回波特性[J].光学学报,2017,37(4):225—232.Chen Xiaobin,Zhang He,Chen Shanshan.Plane target echo characteristics of pulsed laser circular-viewing detection[J].Acta Optica Sinica,2017,37(4):225—232.
[18] 陈杉杉,张合,徐孝彬.脉冲激光引信探测平面目标的回波特性研究[J].兵工学报,2018,39(6):1095—1102.Chen Shanshan,Zhang He,Xu Xiaobin.Echo characteristic of planar target in pulsed laser fuze detection[J].Acta Armamentarii,2018,39(6):1095—1102.
[19] Mou Yuan,Wu Zhensen,Li Zhengjun,et al.Geometric detection based on one-dimensional laser range profiles of dynamic conical target[J].Applied Optics,2014,53(35):8335—41.
[20] Lv Yi,Tong X.H.,Liu Shijie,et al.Simulation of full-waveform laser altimeter echowaveform[C]// The International Archives of the Photogrammetry,Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences.Prague,Czech Republic:ISPRS,2016:XLI—B1.
[21] 单聪淼,孙华燕,郑勇辉,等.偏度与峰度在脉冲激光回波分析中的应用研究[J].激光与红外,2018,48(2):153—156.Shan Congmiao,Sun Huayan,Zhang Yonghui,et al.Study on the application of skewness and kurtosis in pulse laser echo analysis[J].Laser & Infrared,2018,48(2):153—156.
[22] 谢庚承,叶一东,李建民,等.脉冲激光测距回波特性及测距误差研究[J].中国激光,2018,45(6):260—267.Xie Gengcheng,Ye Yidong,Li Jianmin,et al.Echo characteristics and range error for pulse laser ranging[J].Chinese Journal of Lasers,2018,45(6):260—267.
[23] Zhang Geng,Wu Zhensen.Two-frequency mutual coherence function of scattering from arbitrarily shaped rough objects[J].Optics Express,2011,19(8):7007—19.
[24] Zhong Zhi,Sun Jie.Angular-displacement measurement with the digital-speckle correlation method[C]// IEEE.Hangzhou,China:INSPEC,2011:5301—5304.
[25] 阳志强,吴振森,张耿,等.旋转粗糙目标动态散斑统计特性研究[J].光子学报,2014,43(8):0812003-1—5.Yang Zhiqiang,Wu Zhensen,Zhang Geng,et al.The statistical properties of dynamic speckle produced by rotating rough target [J].Acta Photonica Sinica,2014,43(8):0812003-1—5.
[26] 赵明路,马骁,张子邦,等.激光散斑三维形貌绝对测量技术[J].中国激光,2016,43(2):186—194.Zhao Minglu,Ma Xiao,Zhang Zibang,et al.Three-dimensional shape absolute measurement based on laser speckles[J].Chinese Journal of Lasers,2016,43(2):186—194.
[27] N.Tanaka,S.Tominaga,and T.Kawai.Estimation of the torrance-sparrow reflection model from a single multi-band image[C]// IEEE.Barcelona,Spain:INSPEC,2000,596—599.