新疆伊宁县暴雨洪水发生的时空特征及致灾因素研究
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摘要
了解洪水发生的时空规律及成灾原因,有利于洪灾减灾对策的制定。以伊宁县为研究区,依据2012-2017年的洪水灾害信息、汛期降水数据及DEM数据,研究该县洪水的发生特征。结果表明,伊宁县暴雨洪水发生具有周期性。对已发生的13次洪水进行统计,6月份是洪水发生的高频时段;伊宁县中部地区(6°～15°)通常是雨水汇集与洪水孕灾区域,低于6°的平原区是洪水的爆发区。降水等级与洪水发生显著相关,暴雨与洪水发生次数的相关系数为0. 97。建议在中低山区做好植被保护措施以改变下垫面条件,做到从源头防治暴雨洪水。
Understanding the spatio-temporal characteristics of flood occurrence and the causes of the disaster are beneficial for flood mitigation.Taking Yining County as the research area,according to flood disaster information,flood season precipitation data and DEM data from 2012 to 2017,the occurrence characteristics of flood in this county were studied.Results showed that Yining County rainstorm floods occurred periodically.Statistics of 13 occurred floods showed that June was the high-frequency period of floods,while the central region of Yining County(6° ～ 15°) was usually the rainwater collection and flood disaster forming area,below the 6° plain was the flood outbreak area.The level of precipitation was significantly correlated with flood occurrence,and the correlation coefficient between rainfall and flood occurrence was 0.97.It is suggested that the vegetation protection measures should be done in the middle and low mountain areas to change the underlying conditions and to prevent rainstorm floods from the source.
Understanding the spatio-temporal characteristics of flood occurrence and the causes of the disaster are beneficial for flood mitigation.Taking Yining County as the research area,according to flood disaster information,flood season precipitation data and DEM data from 2012 to 2017,the occurrence characteristics of flood in this county were studied.Results showed that Yining County rainstorm floods occurred periodically.Statistics of 13 occurred floods showed that June was the high-frequency period of floods,while the central region of Yining County(6° ～ 15°) was usually the rainwater collection and flood disaster forming area,below the 6° plain was the flood outbreak area.The level of precipitation was significantly correlated with flood occurrence,and the correlation coefficient between rainfall and flood occurrence was 0.97.It is suggested that the vegetation protection measures should be done in the middle and low mountain areas to change the underlying conditions and to prevent rainstorm floods from the source.
引文
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[2]苏万敏.小流域洪水预报方法研究及应用[D].大连:大连理工大学,2016.
[3]张志良,郑昕.新疆洪水及洪水资源[J].水利学报,2005,12(增刊):260-263.
[4]左仲国.下垫面变化对洪水及水资源的影响研究[D].南京:河海大学,2003.
[5]郭文娟.新疆洪水频率分布线型选择研究[D].长沙:长沙理工大学,2011.
[6]张文太.新疆洪水管理与土壤水库重建[J].中国水土保持科学,2013,11(S1):70-73.
[7]姜逢清.20世纪下半叶新疆洪水灾害的新趋向[J].灾害学,2004,19(2):31-37.
[8]王秋香,任宜勇,张静,等.新疆近53年洪灾研究[J].新疆气象,2006,29(6):1-3.
[9]Zhang Wentai,Zhou Jianqin,Feng Guanglong,et al.Characteristics of Water Erosion and Conservation Practice in Arid Regions of Central Asia:Xinjiang Province,China as an example[J].International Soil and Water Conservation Research,2015(3):97-111.
[10]张文太,周建勤,胡桂清.伊犁河谷察布查尔县洪水发生特征研究[J].水利科技与经济,2017,23(1):39-42.
[11]西北内陆河区水旱灾害[M].郑州:黄河水利出版社,1999:46.
[12]马淑红.新疆暴雨洪水灾害分布特征[J].新疆气象,1994,17(1):23-27.
[13]姜逢清,胡汝骥,杨跃辉.新疆洪灾时间序列突变及其气候原因分析[J].冰川冻土,2004,26(6):674-681.
[14]叶民权.“新疆减灾四十年”编撰工作即将完成[J].内陆地震,1992(1):45.
[15]王维俊.伊宁县玉米生产存在问题及发展对策研究[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆农业大学,2015.
[16]雷杰,马玉平.伊宁县农业气候资源分析及主要气象灾害[J].现代农业科技,2011(22):305,312.
[17]马艳霞.伊宁县水资源开发利用现状评价[J].陕西水利,2016(3):34-35.
[18]张家宝,邓子风.新疆降水概论[M].北京:气象出版社,1987:11-16.
[19]杨莲梅,李霞,张广兴.新疆夏季强降水研究若干进展及问题[J].气候与环境研究,2011,16(2):188-198.
[20]Zhai Panmao,Sun Anjian,Ren Fumin,et al.Changes of Climate Extremes in China[J].Climate Change,1999,429(8):203-218.
[21]陈真莲.小流域山洪灾害成因及防治技术研究[D].广州:华南理工大学,2014.
[22]李政,张文太,轩俊伟.伊宁市1956-2015年强降雨特征及对洪灾的影响[J].水资源保护,2018,34(6):49-55.
[23]吴素芬,张国威.新疆河流洪水与洪灾的变化趋势[J].冰川冻土,2003,25(2):199-203.
[24]李燕.近40a来新疆河流洪水变化[J].冰川冻土,2003,25(3):342-346.
[25]肖开提·多莱特.新疆降水量级标准的划分[J].沙漠与绿洲气象,2005,28(3):7-8.
[26]TD/T 1014-2007,第二次全国土地调查技术规程[S].
[27]张行南,罗健,陈雷,等.中国洪水灾害危险程度区划[J].水利学报,2000(3):3-9.
[28]张少博,李建贵,黄俊华,等.坡度对伊犁河流域土壤侵蚀的试验分析[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2018,53(1):110-114,123.
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