安徽桂花冲铜矿床成矿流体演化特征研究
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摘要
桂花冲铜矿床是铜陵矿集区沙滩脚矿田内新发现的一个以斑岩型矿化为主的矽卡岩-斑岩复合型铜矿床。文章对该矿床的矿床地质和斑岩型矿化成矿流体进行了初步研究,旨在查明该矿床成矿流体的演化过程。根据脉体的穿切关系及矿物共生组合,桂花冲铜矿斑岩型矿化成矿过程可划分为钾化、硅化、石英黄铁矿、石英多金属硫化物和碳酸盐5个阶段。硅化阶段主要发育纯气体、含子矿物及富气相包裹体,石英黄铁矿阶段主要发育纯气体、富液相、富气相及含子矿物包裹体,石英多金属硫化物阶段及碳酸盐阶段主要发育富液相包裹体。从硅化阶段至碳酸盐阶段,成矿流体由高温(>472.9℃)、高盐度(47.7%~74.0%)的岩浆热液逐渐向中低温(140.2~280.3℃)、低盐度(1.6%~7.7%)的岩浆热液和大气降水的混合流体演化,成矿过程中流体经历了沸腾及混合作用,混合作用是导致铜沉淀的主要机制。
Located in the Shatanjiao orefield of the Tongling ore concentration area, the Guihuachong copper deposit is a newly-discovered skarn-porphyry composite deposit which is dominated by porphyry mineralization. In this study,the ore deposit geology and ore-forming fluids of porphyry mineralization were systematically studied in order to ascertain the fluids evolution. The ore-forming process can be divided into five stages according to the crosscutting relationships of the veinlets and the mineral assemblages as follows: Potassic alteration stage, silicification stage,quartz-pyrite stage, quartz-polymetallic sulfides stage and carbonation stage. The microscopic observation shows that fluid inclusions are mainly pure gaseous, daughter mineral-bearing, and gas-rich inclusions at the phyllic alteration stage, pure gaseous, daughter mineral-bearing, gas-rich and liquid-rich inclusions at the quartz-pyrite stage,and liquid-rich inclusions at the quartz-polymetallic sulfides and carbonate stages. From the silicification stage to the carbonation stage, ore-forming fluid changed from magmatic water characterized by high temperature( >472. 9℃) and high salinity( 47. 7% ~ 74. 0%) to the mixture of magmatic water and meteoric water characterized by medium-low temperature( 140. 2 ~ 280. 3℃) and low salinity( 1. 6% ~ 7. 7%); in this process, ore-forming fluid experienced boiling and mixing, resulting in the precipitation of Cu.
Located in the Shatanjiao orefield of the Tongling ore concentration area, the Guihuachong copper deposit is a newly-discovered skarn-porphyry composite deposit which is dominated by porphyry mineralization. In this study,the ore deposit geology and ore-forming fluids of porphyry mineralization were systematically studied in order to ascertain the fluids evolution. The ore-forming process can be divided into five stages according to the crosscutting relationships of the veinlets and the mineral assemblages as follows: Potassic alteration stage, silicification stage,quartz-pyrite stage, quartz-polymetallic sulfides stage and carbonation stage. The microscopic observation shows that fluid inclusions are mainly pure gaseous, daughter mineral-bearing, and gas-rich inclusions at the phyllic alteration stage, pure gaseous, daughter mineral-bearing, gas-rich and liquid-rich inclusions at the quartz-pyrite stage,and liquid-rich inclusions at the quartz-polymetallic sulfides and carbonate stages. From the silicification stage to the carbonation stage, ore-forming fluid changed from magmatic water characterized by high temperature( >472. 9℃) and high salinity( 47. 7% ~ 74. 0%) to the mixture of magmatic water and meteoric water characterized by medium-low temperature( 140. 2 ~ 280. 3℃) and low salinity( 1. 6% ~ 7. 7%); in this process, ore-forming fluid experienced boiling and mixing, resulting in the precipitation of Cu.
引文
Bodnar R J.1993.Revised equation and table for determining the freezing point depression of H2O-NaC I solutions[J].Geochimicaet Cosmochimica Acta,57:683-684.
Bodnar R J.1995.Fluid-inclusion evidence for a magmatic source for metals in porphyry copper deposits[J].Mineralogical Association o Canada Short Course Series,23:139-152.
Candela P A and Holland H D.1986.A mass transfer model for copper and molybdenum in magmatic hydrothermal systems:The origin o porphyry-type ore deposits[J].Econ.Geol.,81:1-19.
Chen Y J,Ni P,Fan H R,Pirajno F,Lai R,Su W C and Zhang H.2007.Diagnostic fluid inclusions of different types hydrothermal gold deposits[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,23(9):2085-2108(in Chinese with English abstract).
Crerar D A and Barnes H L.1976.Ore solution chemistry(V):Solubilities of chalcopyrite assemblages in hydrothermal solution a200 to 350℃[J].Econ.Geol.,71:72-794.
Fang F K.2012.Studies on the fluid inclusions of the Chengmenshan porphyry Cu-Mo deposit,Jiangxi Province(dissertation for master degree)[D].Supervisor:Du Y S.Beijing:China University of Geosciences.1-61(in Chinese with English abstract).
Gu X X,Liu L,Dong S Y,Zhang R M,Li K and Li B H.2010.Immiscibility during mineralization of Yinan Au-Cu-Fe deposit,Shandong Province:Evidence from fluid inclusions and H-O isotopes[J].Mineral Deposits,29(1):43-57(in Chinese with English abstract).
Hall D L,Sterner S M and Bodnar R J.1988.Freezing point depression of NaC l-KCl-H2O solutions[J].Econ.Geol.,83:197-202.
Hedenquist Amp J W and Lowenstern J B.1994.The role of magmas in the formation of hydrothermal of deposits[J].Nature,370:519-527.
Jiang Q S,Zhao Z H and Huang J M.2008.Discovery of the Yaojialing copper-lead-zinc deposit in Nanlin,Anhui,and its significance[J].Geology in China,35(2):314-321(in Chinese with English abstract).
Jin Z D and Li F C.1998.New progress of copper migration and mechanism during porphyry ore-forming[J].Mineral Resources and Geology,64(12):73-78(in Chinese with English abstract).
Li Y Q,Rui Z Y and Cheng L S.1981.Fluid inclusions and mineralization of the Yulong porphyry copper(molybdenum)deposit[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,55(3):216-232(in Chinese with English abstract).
Liu S F.2012.The metallogenesis research of Yaojialing Zn-Au polymetallic deposit in Tongling,Anhui Province(dissertation for doctora degree)[D].Supervisor:Du Y S.Beijing:China University of Geosciences.1-139(in Chinese with English abstract).
Lowenstem J B.1995.Applieations of silieate-melt inclusions to the study of magmatic volatiles[A].In:Thompson J F H,ed.Magmas,fluids an d ore deposits[C].Mineralogieal Association of Canada Shor Course,23:71-99.
Lu H Z,Fan H R,Ni P,Ou G X,Shen K and Zhang W H.2004.Fluid inclusions[M].Beijing:Science Press.1-485(in Chinese).
No.321 Team of Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources of Anhui Province.2010.Prospecting report of Guihuachong copper-polymetallic deposit,Nanling[M].(in Chinese).
Rui Z Y,Zhao Y M,Wang L S and Wang Y T.2003.Role of volatile components in formation of skarn and porphyry deposits[J].Minera Deposits,25(4):491-410(in Chinese with English abstract).
Rui Z Y,Zhang H T,Chen R Y,Wang Z L,Wang L S and Wang Y T.2006.An approach to some problems of porphyry copper deposits[J].Mineral Deposits,25(4):491-410(in Chinese with English abstract).
She H Q,Feng C Y and Zhang D Q.2006.Study on the fluid inclusions from Jiamaskarn copper polymetallic deposit and Qulong porphyry copper deposit in Gandese copper belt,Tibet[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,22(3):689-696(in Chinese with English abstract).
Taylor H P.1974.The application of oxyen and hydrogen isotope studies to problem of hydrothermal alteration and ore deposition[J].Econ.Geol.,69(6):843-883.
Var'yash L N and Rekharskiy V I.1981.Behaiour of Cu(Ⅰ)in Chloritde solution[J].Geochem.Int.,7:1003-1008.
Wen C H,Xue W Y,Zhong H,Lu Q T,Yang Z S,Tian S H and Liu YC.2011.Geological characteristics and fluid inclusion studies o shallow mineralization in Yaojialing Zn-Au-polymetallic deposit,Anhui Province[J].Mineral Deposits,30(3):533-546(in Chinese with English abstract).
Yue Z L,Du Y S,Cao Y,Zuo X M,Zhang A P and Huang W M.2015.Geochemical features and U-Pb age of the Guihuachong geanodiorite porphyry in Tongling and their geological implications[J].Journal o Mineralogy and Petrology,35(1):82-90(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhan C F.2013.Studies on the geology and ore-forming fluids of the Yaojialing Cu-polymetallic deposit in Anhui Province(dissertation for master degree)[D].Supervisor:Du Y S.Beijing:China University of Geosciences.1-58(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhang D H.1997.Some new advances in ore-forming fluid geochemistry on boiling and mixing of fluids during the processes of hydrotherma deposits[J].Advances in Earth Science,12(5):547-552(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhang W H,Qin J Y,Zhang D H,Tian L,Wang L L and Wang Y.2008.Fluid inclusion indicators in prophyry Au deposit:Taking Jinchang gold deposit,Heilongjiang Province as an example[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,24(9):2011-2016(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhong G X,Zhou T F,Yuan F,Jiang Q S,Fan Y,Zhang D Y and Huang J M.2014.LA-ICPMS U-Pb zircon age and molybdenite ReOs dating of Yaojialing large zinc-gold polymetallic deposit,Tongling,Anhui Province,China[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,30(4):1075-1086(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zotov A V,Kudrin A V,Lein K A,Shikina N D and Var'Yash L N.1995.Experimental studies of the solubility and complexing of selected ore elements(Au,Ag,Cu,Mo,As,Sb,Hg)in aqueoue solutions[A].In:Shmuloich K I,Yardley B W D and Gonchar G G,eds.Fliuds in the crust,equilibrium and transport properties[C].London:Chapman and Hall.95-132.
安徽省地质矿产勘查局321地质队.2010.南陵县桂花冲铜多金属矿矿床勘察报告[R].
陈衍景,倪培,范宏瑞,Pirajno F,赖勇,苏文超,张辉.2007.不同类型热液金矿系统的流体包裹体特征[J].岩石学报,23(9):2085-2108.
方福康.2012.江西省城门山斑岩铜钼矿成矿流体研究(硕士论文)[D].导师:杜杨松.北京:中国地质大学.61页.
顾雪祥,刘丽,董树义,章永梅,李科,李葆华.2010.山东沂南金铜铁矿床中的液态不混溶作用与成矿:流体包裹体和氢氧同位素证据[J].矿床地质,29(1):43-57.
蒋其胜,赵自宏,黄建满.2008.安徽南陵姚家岭铜铅锌矿床的发现及意义[J].中国地质,35(2):314-321.
金章东,李福春.1998.斑岩型铜矿床成矿过程中铜的迁移与沉淀机制研究新进展[J].矿产与地质,64(12):73-78.
李荫清,芮宗瑶,程莱仙.1981.玉龙斑岩铜(钼)矿床的流体包裹体及成矿作用研究[J].地质学报,55(3):216-232.
刘绍锋.2012.安徽铜陵姚家岭锌金多金属矿床成矿作用研究(博士论文)[D].导师:杜杨松.北京:中国地质大学.139页.
卢焕章,范宏瑞,倪培,欧光习,沈昆,张文淮.2004.流体包裹体[M].北京:科学出版社.1-485.
芮宗瑶,赵一鸣,王龙生,王义天.2003.挥发份在夕卡岩型和斑岩型矿床形成中的作用[J].矿床地质,22(1):141-148.
芮宗瑶,张洪涛,陈仁义,王志良,王龙生,王义天.2006.斑岩铜矿研究中若干问题探讨[J].矿床地质,25(4):491-410.
佘宏全,丰成友,张德全.2006.西藏冈底斯铜矿带甲马夕卡岩型铜多金属矿床与驱龙斑岩型铜矿流体包裹体特征对比研究[J].岩石学报,22(3):689-696.
文春华,徐文艺,钟宏,吕庆田,杨竹森,田世洪,刘英超.2011.安徽姚家岭锌金多金属矿床地质特征与浅部矿化流体包裹体研究[J].矿床地质,30(3):533-546.
岳紫龙,杜杨松,曹毅,左晓敏,张爱萍,黄文明.2015.铜陵桂花冲花岗闪长斑岩地球化学特征、锆石U-Pb年龄及其地质意义[J].矿物岩石,35(1):82-90.
占昌帆.2013.安徽省姚家岭铜多金属矿床地质和成矿流体研究(硕士论文)[D].导师:杜杨松.北京:中国地质大学.58页.
张德会.1997.流体的沸腾和混合在热液成矿中的意义[J].地球科学进展,12(5):547-552.
张文淮,秦江艳,张德会,田璐,王丽丽,王永.2008.斑岩型Au矿床的包裹体标志:以黑龙江金厂金矿矿床为例[J].岩石学报,28(9):2011-2016.
钟国雄,周涛发,袁峰,蒋其胜,范裕,张达玉,黄建满.2014.安徽铜陵姚家岭锌金多金属矿床成岩成矿年代学研究[J].岩石学报,30(4):1075-1086.
Bodnar R J.1995.Fluid-inclusion evidence for a magmatic source for metals in porphyry copper deposits[J].Mineralogical Association o Canada Short Course Series,23:139-152.
Candela P A and Holland H D.1986.A mass transfer model for copper and molybdenum in magmatic hydrothermal systems:The origin o porphyry-type ore deposits[J].Econ.Geol.,81:1-19.
Chen Y J,Ni P,Fan H R,Pirajno F,Lai R,Su W C and Zhang H.2007.Diagnostic fluid inclusions of different types hydrothermal gold deposits[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,23(9):2085-2108(in Chinese with English abstract).
Crerar D A and Barnes H L.1976.Ore solution chemistry(V):Solubilities of chalcopyrite assemblages in hydrothermal solution a200 to 350℃[J].Econ.Geol.,71:72-794.
Fang F K.2012.Studies on the fluid inclusions of the Chengmenshan porphyry Cu-Mo deposit,Jiangxi Province(dissertation for master degree)[D].Supervisor:Du Y S.Beijing:China University of Geosciences.1-61(in Chinese with English abstract).
Gu X X,Liu L,Dong S Y,Zhang R M,Li K and Li B H.2010.Immiscibility during mineralization of Yinan Au-Cu-Fe deposit,Shandong Province:Evidence from fluid inclusions and H-O isotopes[J].Mineral Deposits,29(1):43-57(in Chinese with English abstract).
Hall D L,Sterner S M and Bodnar R J.1988.Freezing point depression of NaC l-KCl-H2O solutions[J].Econ.Geol.,83:197-202.
Hedenquist Amp J W and Lowenstern J B.1994.The role of magmas in the formation of hydrothermal of deposits[J].Nature,370:519-527.
Jiang Q S,Zhao Z H and Huang J M.2008.Discovery of the Yaojialing copper-lead-zinc deposit in Nanlin,Anhui,and its significance[J].Geology in China,35(2):314-321(in Chinese with English abstract).
Jin Z D and Li F C.1998.New progress of copper migration and mechanism during porphyry ore-forming[J].Mineral Resources and Geology,64(12):73-78(in Chinese with English abstract).
Li Y Q,Rui Z Y and Cheng L S.1981.Fluid inclusions and mineralization of the Yulong porphyry copper(molybdenum)deposit[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,55(3):216-232(in Chinese with English abstract).
Liu S F.2012.The metallogenesis research of Yaojialing Zn-Au polymetallic deposit in Tongling,Anhui Province(dissertation for doctora degree)[D].Supervisor:Du Y S.Beijing:China University of Geosciences.1-139(in Chinese with English abstract).
Lowenstem J B.1995.Applieations of silieate-melt inclusions to the study of magmatic volatiles[A].In:Thompson J F H,ed.Magmas,fluids an d ore deposits[C].Mineralogieal Association of Canada Shor Course,23:71-99.
Lu H Z,Fan H R,Ni P,Ou G X,Shen K and Zhang W H.2004.Fluid inclusions[M].Beijing:Science Press.1-485(in Chinese).
No.321 Team of Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources of Anhui Province.2010.Prospecting report of Guihuachong copper-polymetallic deposit,Nanling[M].(in Chinese).
Rui Z Y,Zhao Y M,Wang L S and Wang Y T.2003.Role of volatile components in formation of skarn and porphyry deposits[J].Minera Deposits,25(4):491-410(in Chinese with English abstract).
Rui Z Y,Zhang H T,Chen R Y,Wang Z L,Wang L S and Wang Y T.2006.An approach to some problems of porphyry copper deposits[J].Mineral Deposits,25(4):491-410(in Chinese with English abstract).
She H Q,Feng C Y and Zhang D Q.2006.Study on the fluid inclusions from Jiamaskarn copper polymetallic deposit and Qulong porphyry copper deposit in Gandese copper belt,Tibet[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,22(3):689-696(in Chinese with English abstract).
Taylor H P.1974.The application of oxyen and hydrogen isotope studies to problem of hydrothermal alteration and ore deposition[J].Econ.Geol.,69(6):843-883.
Var'yash L N and Rekharskiy V I.1981.Behaiour of Cu(Ⅰ)in Chloritde solution[J].Geochem.Int.,7:1003-1008.
Wen C H,Xue W Y,Zhong H,Lu Q T,Yang Z S,Tian S H and Liu YC.2011.Geological characteristics and fluid inclusion studies o shallow mineralization in Yaojialing Zn-Au-polymetallic deposit,Anhui Province[J].Mineral Deposits,30(3):533-546(in Chinese with English abstract).
Yue Z L,Du Y S,Cao Y,Zuo X M,Zhang A P and Huang W M.2015.Geochemical features and U-Pb age of the Guihuachong geanodiorite porphyry in Tongling and their geological implications[J].Journal o Mineralogy and Petrology,35(1):82-90(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhan C F.2013.Studies on the geology and ore-forming fluids of the Yaojialing Cu-polymetallic deposit in Anhui Province(dissertation for master degree)[D].Supervisor:Du Y S.Beijing:China University of Geosciences.1-58(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhang D H.1997.Some new advances in ore-forming fluid geochemistry on boiling and mixing of fluids during the processes of hydrotherma deposits[J].Advances in Earth Science,12(5):547-552(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhang W H,Qin J Y,Zhang D H,Tian L,Wang L L and Wang Y.2008.Fluid inclusion indicators in prophyry Au deposit:Taking Jinchang gold deposit,Heilongjiang Province as an example[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,24(9):2011-2016(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhong G X,Zhou T F,Yuan F,Jiang Q S,Fan Y,Zhang D Y and Huang J M.2014.LA-ICPMS U-Pb zircon age and molybdenite ReOs dating of Yaojialing large zinc-gold polymetallic deposit,Tongling,Anhui Province,China[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,30(4):1075-1086(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zotov A V,Kudrin A V,Lein K A,Shikina N D and Var'Yash L N.1995.Experimental studies of the solubility and complexing of selected ore elements(Au,Ag,Cu,Mo,As,Sb,Hg)in aqueoue solutions[A].In:Shmuloich K I,Yardley B W D and Gonchar G G,eds.Fliuds in the crust,equilibrium and transport properties[C].London:Chapman and Hall.95-132.
安徽省地质矿产勘查局321地质队.2010.南陵县桂花冲铜多金属矿矿床勘察报告[R].
陈衍景,倪培,范宏瑞,Pirajno F,赖勇,苏文超,张辉.2007.不同类型热液金矿系统的流体包裹体特征[J].岩石学报,23(9):2085-2108.
方福康.2012.江西省城门山斑岩铜钼矿成矿流体研究(硕士论文)[D].导师:杜杨松.北京:中国地质大学.61页.
顾雪祥,刘丽,董树义,章永梅,李科,李葆华.2010.山东沂南金铜铁矿床中的液态不混溶作用与成矿:流体包裹体和氢氧同位素证据[J].矿床地质,29(1):43-57.
蒋其胜,赵自宏,黄建满.2008.安徽南陵姚家岭铜铅锌矿床的发现及意义[J].中国地质,35(2):314-321.
金章东,李福春.1998.斑岩型铜矿床成矿过程中铜的迁移与沉淀机制研究新进展[J].矿产与地质,64(12):73-78.
李荫清,芮宗瑶,程莱仙.1981.玉龙斑岩铜(钼)矿床的流体包裹体及成矿作用研究[J].地质学报,55(3):216-232.
刘绍锋.2012.安徽铜陵姚家岭锌金多金属矿床成矿作用研究(博士论文)[D].导师:杜杨松.北京:中国地质大学.139页.
卢焕章,范宏瑞,倪培,欧光习,沈昆,张文淮.2004.流体包裹体[M].北京:科学出版社.1-485.
芮宗瑶,赵一鸣,王龙生,王义天.2003.挥发份在夕卡岩型和斑岩型矿床形成中的作用[J].矿床地质,22(1):141-148.
芮宗瑶,张洪涛,陈仁义,王志良,王龙生,王义天.2006.斑岩铜矿研究中若干问题探讨[J].矿床地质,25(4):491-410.
佘宏全,丰成友,张德全.2006.西藏冈底斯铜矿带甲马夕卡岩型铜多金属矿床与驱龙斑岩型铜矿流体包裹体特征对比研究[J].岩石学报,22(3):689-696.
文春华,徐文艺,钟宏,吕庆田,杨竹森,田世洪,刘英超.2011.安徽姚家岭锌金多金属矿床地质特征与浅部矿化流体包裹体研究[J].矿床地质,30(3):533-546.
岳紫龙,杜杨松,曹毅,左晓敏,张爱萍,黄文明.2015.铜陵桂花冲花岗闪长斑岩地球化学特征、锆石U-Pb年龄及其地质意义[J].矿物岩石,35(1):82-90.
占昌帆.2013.安徽省姚家岭铜多金属矿床地质和成矿流体研究(硕士论文)[D].导师:杜杨松.北京:中国地质大学.58页.
张德会.1997.流体的沸腾和混合在热液成矿中的意义[J].地球科学进展,12(5):547-552.
张文淮,秦江艳,张德会,田璐,王丽丽,王永.2008.斑岩型Au矿床的包裹体标志:以黑龙江金厂金矿矿床为例[J].岩石学报,28(9):2011-2016.
钟国雄,周涛发,袁峰,蒋其胜,范裕,张达玉,黄建满.2014.安徽铜陵姚家岭锌金多金属矿床成岩成矿年代学研究[J].岩石学报,30(4):1075-1086.