菌渣生物炭对镉污染土壤性质及小白菜吸收镉的影响
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摘要
为探讨以菌渣为原料制备的生物炭修复重金属镉污染土壤的可行性。采用盆栽试验,以香菇菌渣生物炭(SC)和平菇菌渣生物炭(PC)为研究对象,设置0.5%,1%,2%的生物炭施用量(w/w,%),研究其对镉污染土壤理化性质、土壤各形态镉分布、小白菜生长及镉吸收的影响。结果表明:施用SC和PC均能显著提高土壤pH和有机质(SOM)含量。与对照相比,2%的生物炭处理,土壤pH分别提高1.05和1.10个单位,SOM含量分别提高80.6%和61.2%。施用SC和PC使土壤可交换态镉降低,而提高残渣态镉含量。相关分析表明,土壤可交换态镉与pH、SOM和蔗糖酶呈显著负相关。与对照相比,2%处理下SC和PC显著降低小白菜镉含量,分别降低57.5%和54.1%;1%用量下小白菜产量分别提高53.4%和41.6%,表明高投加量菌渣生物炭对小白菜生长有不利影响。总体看来,SC和PC均有利于改善土壤性质,减轻镉对植物的毒害,促进小白菜生长。
This study was to explore the feasibility of the biochar prepared from fungal residue as raw material for remediation of cadmium(Cd)contaminated soil.A pot experiment was carried out,and Letinous edodes(Berk.)sing residue biochar(SC)and Pleurotus ostreatus(Fr.)Kummer residue biochar(PC)were taken as the research objects,the effects of SC and PC on the physical and chemical properties of Cd contaminated soils,distribution of different forms cadmium in soils,Chinese cabbage growth and Cd accumulation were measured and analyzed.The application rates of 0.5%,1%and 2% biochar(w/w,%)were set up.The results showed that SC and PC significantly increased soil pH and organic matter(SOM).Compared with the control,2% biochar application could increase soil pH by 1.05 and 1.10 units,respectively;and increased soil organic matter(SOM)by 80.6%and 61.2%,respectively.Application of SC and PC reduced the content of soil exchangeable Cd and increased the residual Cd concentration.Correlation analysis showed that soil exchangeable Cd was significantly negatively correlated with pH,SOM and sucrase.Compared with the control,Cd accumulation in Chinese cabbage was significantly reduced by 57.5% and 54.1%,respectively,in 2%-SC and 2%-PC treatments.Compared with the control,the yield of Chinese cabbage was increased by 53.4%and 41.6%,respectively,in 1%-treatments,indicating that high dosage of fungal residue had negative effect on the growth of Chinese cabbage.On the whole,SC and PC could improve soil properties,reduce the toxicity of Cd to plants,and promote growth of Chinese cabbage.
This study was to explore the feasibility of the biochar prepared from fungal residue as raw material for remediation of cadmium(Cd)contaminated soil.A pot experiment was carried out,and Letinous edodes(Berk.)sing residue biochar(SC)and Pleurotus ostreatus(Fr.)Kummer residue biochar(PC)were taken as the research objects,the effects of SC and PC on the physical and chemical properties of Cd contaminated soils,distribution of different forms cadmium in soils,Chinese cabbage growth and Cd accumulation were measured and analyzed.The application rates of 0.5%,1%and 2% biochar(w/w,%)were set up.The results showed that SC and PC significantly increased soil pH and organic matter(SOM).Compared with the control,2% biochar application could increase soil pH by 1.05 and 1.10 units,respectively;and increased soil organic matter(SOM)by 80.6%and 61.2%,respectively.Application of SC and PC reduced the content of soil exchangeable Cd and increased the residual Cd concentration.Correlation analysis showed that soil exchangeable Cd was significantly negatively correlated with pH,SOM and sucrase.Compared with the control,Cd accumulation in Chinese cabbage was significantly reduced by 57.5% and 54.1%,respectively,in 2%-SC and 2%-PC treatments.Compared with the control,the yield of Chinese cabbage was increased by 53.4%and 41.6%,respectively,in 1%-treatments,indicating that high dosage of fungal residue had negative effect on the growth of Chinese cabbage.On the whole,SC and PC could improve soil properties,reduce the toxicity of Cd to plants,and promote growth of Chinese cabbage.
引文
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[22]李衍亮,黄玉芬,魏岚,等.施用生物炭对重金属污染农田土壤改良及玉米生长的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2017,36(11):2233-2239.
[23]徐楠楠,林大松,徐应明,等.生物炭在土壤改良和重金属污染治理中的应用[J].农业资源与环境学报,2013,30(4):29-34.
[24]李丹,李俊华,何婷,等.不同改良剂对石灰性镉污染土壤的镉形态和小白菜镉吸收的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2015,34(9):1679-1685.
[25]许妍哲,方战强.生物炭修复土壤重金属的研究进展[J].环境工程,2015,33(2):156-159.
[26] Mierzwa-hersztek M,Gondek K,Baran A.Effect of poultry litter biochar on soil enzymatic activity,ecotoxicity and plant growth[J].Applied Soil Ecology,2016,105:144-150.
[27]王学锋,尚菲,刘修和,等.Cd、Ni单一及复合污染对土壤酶活性的影响[J].环境工程学报,2014,8(9):4027-4034.
[28]刘阿梅,向言词,田代科,等.生物炭对植物生长发育及重金属镉污染吸收的影响[J].水土保持学报,2013,27(5):193-198.
[29]陈心想,何绪生,耿增超,等.生物炭对不同土壤化学性质、小麦和糜子产量的影响[J].生态学报,2013,33(20):6534-6542.
[30]魏彬萌,王益权,李忠徽.烟杆生物炭对砒砂岩与沙复配土壤理化性状及玉米生长的影响[J].水土保持学报,2018,32(2):217-222.
[2]郭利敏,艾绍英,唐明灯,等.不同改良剂对镉污染土壤中小白菜吸收镉的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2010,18(3):654-658.
[3]高译丹,梁成华,裴中健,等.施用生物炭和石灰对土壤镉形态转化的影响[J].水土保持学报,2014,28(2):258-261.
[4]张连科,刘心宇,王维大,等.2种油料作物秸秆生物炭对土壤中铅的钝化修复[J].生态环境学报,2018,27(1):166-173.
[5]许剑臣,李晔,肖华锋,等.改良剂对重金属复合污染土壤的修复效果[J].环境工程学报,2017,11(12):6511-6517.
[6] Wang H,Xia W,Lu P.Study on adsorption characteristics of biochar on heavy metals in soil[J].Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering,2017,34(6):1867-1873.
[7] Lehmann J,Rillig M C,Thies J,et al.Biochar effects on soil biota:A review[J].Soil Biology&Biochemistry,2011,43(9):1812-1836.
[8] Xu C,Wen D,Zhu Q,et al.Effects of peanut shell biochar on the adsorption of Cd(II)by paddy soil[J].Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology,2017,98(3):413-419.
[9]李江遐,吴林春,张军,等.生物炭修复土壤重金属污染的研究进展[J].生态环境学报,2015,24(12):2075-2081.
[10]杨惟薇,张超兰,潘丽萍,等.水稻秸秆和蚕沙生物炭对玉米植株镉累积的影响[J].西南农业学报,2017,30(5):1115-1120.
[11]李明遥,杜立宇,张妍,等.不同裂解温度水稻秸秆生物炭对土壤Cd形态的影响[J].水土保持学报,2013,27(6):261-264.
[12] Chang B,Fan S,Tsai Y,et al.Removal of emerging contaminants using spent mushroom compost[J].Science of The Total Environment,2018,634:922-933.
[13]中华人民共和国质量技术监督局,中国国家标准化管理委员会.GB/T 12496.3-1999木质活性炭灰分含量的测定[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2000.
[14]李素霞,韦司棋,刘云霞.3种改良剂对氮镉互作下小白菜产量和品质的影响[J].西南农业学报,2015,28(4):1709-1712.
[15]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].3版.北京:中国农业出版社,2000:25-79.
[16]关松荫.土壤酶及其研究法[M].北京:农业出版社,1986:295-323.
[17]王学奎.植物生理生化实验原理和技术[M].2版.北京:高等教育出版社,2006:122-123.
[18] Pueyo M,Mateu J,Rigol A,et al.Use of the modified BCR three-step sequential extraction procedure for the study of trace element dynamics in contaminated soils[J].Environmental Pollution,2008,152(2):330-341.
[19]朱启红.酒糟生物炭输入对重度重金属复合污染土壤性质及水稻生长的影响[D].成都:四川农业大学,2016.
[20]中华人民共和国卫生部,中国国家标准化管理委员会.GB 2762-2017食品中污染物限量[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2017.
[21]李力,刘娅,陆宇超,等.生物炭的环境效应及其应用的研究进展[J].环境化学,2011,30(8):1411-1421.
[22]李衍亮,黄玉芬,魏岚,等.施用生物炭对重金属污染农田土壤改良及玉米生长的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2017,36(11):2233-2239.
[23]徐楠楠,林大松,徐应明,等.生物炭在土壤改良和重金属污染治理中的应用[J].农业资源与环境学报,2013,30(4):29-34.
[24]李丹,李俊华,何婷,等.不同改良剂对石灰性镉污染土壤的镉形态和小白菜镉吸收的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2015,34(9):1679-1685.
[25]许妍哲,方战强.生物炭修复土壤重金属的研究进展[J].环境工程,2015,33(2):156-159.
[26] Mierzwa-hersztek M,Gondek K,Baran A.Effect of poultry litter biochar on soil enzymatic activity,ecotoxicity and plant growth[J].Applied Soil Ecology,2016,105:144-150.
[27]王学锋,尚菲,刘修和,等.Cd、Ni单一及复合污染对土壤酶活性的影响[J].环境工程学报,2014,8(9):4027-4034.
[28]刘阿梅,向言词,田代科,等.生物炭对植物生长发育及重金属镉污染吸收的影响[J].水土保持学报,2013,27(5):193-198.
[29]陈心想,何绪生,耿增超,等.生物炭对不同土壤化学性质、小麦和糜子产量的影响[J].生态学报,2013,33(20):6534-6542.
[30]魏彬萌,王益权,李忠徽.烟杆生物炭对砒砂岩与沙复配土壤理化性状及玉米生长的影响[J].水土保持学报,2018,32(2):217-222.