致密储集层补充能量方式分选及其界限
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摘要
致密储集层孔喉狭小,流固耦合作用明显,各致密储集层产区注水及注气驱替技术实施效果迥异,分选合理补充能量方式是当前致密油生产上面临的难题。利用数值模拟方法开展致密储集层水平井分段压裂不同补充能量方式的生产效果研究,探讨分选补充能量方式的主控因素,并提出明确界限。研究表明,渗透率的差异是分选补充能量方式的关键。相较于孔隙半径,喉道半径对渗透率的影响较高,直接影响着致密油藏的动用程度和开发效果,同时反映储集层的微观特征,可作为致密储集层补充能量方式的分选参数。研究认为,可将主体喉道半径1.5μm作为致密油储集层补充能量方式的分选界限。
The pore throats are narrow and fluid-solid coupling is obvious in tight reservoirs. Because the implementation results of water-flooding and gas drive are very different in different tight reservoir blocks, selecting reasonable energy replenishment modes is a difficultproblem in tight oil production. The paper uses numerical simulation methods to study the effects of different energy replenishment modesfor staged fracturing in tight reservoirs in horizontal wells, discusses the main controlling factors of the energy replenishment mode selec-tion and proposes definite limits. The study shows that the difference of permeability is the key parameter to select energy replenishmentmode. Compared with pore radius, pore throat radius has more impacts on permeability, which can influence the producing degree and de-velopment effect of tight oil reservoirs directly, and meanwhile, can reflect microscopic characteristics of the reservoirs, so it can be a pa-rameter for energy replenishment mode selection. It is considered that the main pore throat radius of 1.5 μm can be used as the limit for en-ergy replenishment mode selection in tight oil reservoirs.
The pore throats are narrow and fluid-solid coupling is obvious in tight reservoirs. Because the implementation results of water-flooding and gas drive are very different in different tight reservoir blocks, selecting reasonable energy replenishment modes is a difficultproblem in tight oil production. The paper uses numerical simulation methods to study the effects of different energy replenishment modesfor staged fracturing in tight reservoirs in horizontal wells, discusses the main controlling factors of the energy replenishment mode selec-tion and proposes definite limits. The study shows that the difference of permeability is the key parameter to select energy replenishmentmode. Compared with pore radius, pore throat radius has more impacts on permeability, which can influence the producing degree and de-velopment effect of tight oil reservoirs directly, and meanwhile, can reflect microscopic characteristics of the reservoirs, so it can be a pa-rameter for energy replenishment mode selection. It is considered that the main pore throat radius of 1.5 μm can be used as the limit for en-ergy replenishment mode selection in tight oil reservoirs.
引文
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[9]黄东,杨跃明,杨光,等.四川盆地侏罗系致密油勘探开发进展与对策[J].石油实验地质,2017,39(3):304-310.HUANG Dong,YANG Yueming,YANG Guang,et al.Countered measure and progress of exploration and development of Jurassic tight oil in the Sichuan basin[J].Petroleum Geology&Experiment,2017,39(3):304-310.
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[11]杨正明,刘学伟,张仲宏,等.致密油藏分段压裂水平井注二氧化碳吞吐物理模拟[J].石油学报,2015,36(6):724-729.YANG Zhengming,LIU Xuewei,ZHANG Zhonghong,et al.Physical simulation of staged-fracturing horizontal wells using CO2huff and puff in tight oil reservoirs[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2015,36(6):724-729.
[12]杨树坤,张博,赵广渊,等.致密油藏热水增油机理定性分析及定量评价[J].石油钻采工艺,2017,39(4):399-404.YANG Shukun,ZHANG Bo,ZHAO Guangyuan,et al.Qualitative analysis and quantitative evaluation on the stimulation mechanisms of hot water flooding in tight oil reservoirs[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2017,39(4):399-404.
[13]李晓辉.致密油注水吞吐采油技术在吐哈油田的探索[J].特种油气藏,2015,22(4):144-146.LI Xiaohui.The study of tight reservoir waterflood stimulation technology in Tuha oilfield[J].Special Oil&Gas Reservoirs,2015,22(4):144-146.
[14]陈挺,杨正明,王学武,等.致密油藏气驱微观驱油机理研究[J].中国科技论文,2017,12(9):1 038-1 043.CHEN Ting,YANG Zhengming,WANG Xuewu,et al.Study on mico displacement mechanism with gas flooding in tight oil reservoir[J].China Sciencepaper,2017,12(9):1 038-1 043.
[15]王瑞飞,沈平平,宋子齐,等.特低渗透砂岩油藏储层微观孔喉特征[J].石油学报,2009,30(4):560-563.WANG Ruifei,SHEN Pingping,SONG Ziqi,et al.Characteristics of micro-pore throat in ultra-low permeability sandstone reservoir[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2009,30(4):560-563.
[16]刘刚,吴浩,张春林,等.基于压汞和核磁共振对致密油储层渗透率的评价:以鄂尔多斯盆地陇东地区延长组长7油层组为例[J].高校地质学报,2017,23(3):511-520.LIU Gang,WU Hao,ZHANG Chunlin,et al.Permeability evaluation of tight oil sandstone reservoirs based on MICP and NMR data:a case study from Chang 7 reservoir of the Yanchang formation in the Longdong area,Ordos basin[J].Geological Journal of China Universities,2017,23(3):511-520.
[17]郭河坤,刘强,李海波,等.四川盆地侏罗系致密储层孔隙结构特征[J].深圳大学学报(理工版),2013,30(3):306-312.GUO Hekun,LIU Qiang,LI Haibo,et al.Microstructural characteristics of the Jurassic tight oil reservoirs in Sichuan basin[J].Journal of Shenzhen University(Scinece&Engineering),2013,30(3):306-312.
[2]周庆凡,杨国丰.致密油与页岩油的概念与应用[J].石油与天然气地质,2012,33(4):541-544.ZHOU Qingfan,YANG Guofeng.Definition and application of tight oil and shale oil terms[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2012,33(4):541-544.
[3]王香增,任来义,贺永红,等.鄂尔多斯盆地致密油的定义[J].油气地质与采收率,2016,23(1):1-7.WANG Xiangzeng,REN Laiyi,HE Yonghong,et al.Definition of tight oil in Ordos basin[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2016,23(1):1-7.
[4]邹才能,朱如凯,吴松涛,等.常规与非常规油气聚集类型、特征、机理及展望——以中国致密油与致密气为例[J].石油学报,2012,33(2):174-187.ZOU Caineng,ZHU Rukai,WU Songtao,et al.Types,characteristics,geniesis and propects of conventional and unconventional hydrocarbon accumulations:taking tight oil and tight gas in China as an instance[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2012,33(2):174-187.
[5]何接,黄贵花,唐康.巴肯致密油地质特征及开发技术研究[J].石油化工应用,2017,36(8):82-84.HE Jie,HUANG Guihua,TANG Kang.Tight oil geological characteristics and development technology research in Bakken[J].Petrochemical Industry Application,2017,36(8):82-84.
[6]郑志红,李登华,王志欣,等.我国重点盆地致密油气资源潜力评价[J].中国矿业,2017,26(8):22-29.ZHENG Zhihong,LI Denghua,WANG Zhixin,et al.Assessment of the potential of tight oil and gas in major basins in China[J].China Mining Magazine,2017,26(8):22-29.
[7]宋兴沛,刘洛夫,徐正建,等.鄂尔多斯盆地中西部长7段烃源岩及致密油潜力评价[J].新疆石油地质,2017,38(5):553-558.SONG Xingpei,LIU Luofu,XU Zhengjian,et al.Evaluation of source rocks and tight oil exploration potential of Chang-7 member in central and western Ordos basin[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2017,38(5):553-558.
[8]徐兆辉,汪泽成,徐安娜,等.四川盆地须家河组致密砂岩储集层特征与分级评价[J].新疆石油地质,2011,32(1):26-28.XU Zhaohui,WANG Zecheng,XU Anna,et al.Characterstics and grade evaluation of tight sandstone reservoir of Xujiahe formation in Sichuan basin[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2011,32(1):26-28.
[9]黄东,杨跃明,杨光,等.四川盆地侏罗系致密油勘探开发进展与对策[J].石油实验地质,2017,39(3):304-310.HUANG Dong,YANG Yueming,YANG Guang,et al.Countered measure and progress of exploration and development of Jurassic tight oil in the Sichuan basin[J].Petroleum Geology&Experiment,2017,39(3):304-310.
[10]郭秋麟,陈宁生,吴晓智,等.致密油资源评价方法研究[J].中国石油勘探,2013,18(2):67-76.GUO Qiulin,CHEN Ningsheng,WU Xiaozhi,et al.Method for assessment of tight oil resources[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2013,18(2):67-76.
[11]杨正明,刘学伟,张仲宏,等.致密油藏分段压裂水平井注二氧化碳吞吐物理模拟[J].石油学报,2015,36(6):724-729.YANG Zhengming,LIU Xuewei,ZHANG Zhonghong,et al.Physical simulation of staged-fracturing horizontal wells using CO2huff and puff in tight oil reservoirs[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2015,36(6):724-729.
[12]杨树坤,张博,赵广渊,等.致密油藏热水增油机理定性分析及定量评价[J].石油钻采工艺,2017,39(4):399-404.YANG Shukun,ZHANG Bo,ZHAO Guangyuan,et al.Qualitative analysis and quantitative evaluation on the stimulation mechanisms of hot water flooding in tight oil reservoirs[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2017,39(4):399-404.
[13]李晓辉.致密油注水吞吐采油技术在吐哈油田的探索[J].特种油气藏,2015,22(4):144-146.LI Xiaohui.The study of tight reservoir waterflood stimulation technology in Tuha oilfield[J].Special Oil&Gas Reservoirs,2015,22(4):144-146.
[14]陈挺,杨正明,王学武,等.致密油藏气驱微观驱油机理研究[J].中国科技论文,2017,12(9):1 038-1 043.CHEN Ting,YANG Zhengming,WANG Xuewu,et al.Study on mico displacement mechanism with gas flooding in tight oil reservoir[J].China Sciencepaper,2017,12(9):1 038-1 043.
[15]王瑞飞,沈平平,宋子齐,等.特低渗透砂岩油藏储层微观孔喉特征[J].石油学报,2009,30(4):560-563.WANG Ruifei,SHEN Pingping,SONG Ziqi,et al.Characteristics of micro-pore throat in ultra-low permeability sandstone reservoir[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2009,30(4):560-563.
[16]刘刚,吴浩,张春林,等.基于压汞和核磁共振对致密油储层渗透率的评价:以鄂尔多斯盆地陇东地区延长组长7油层组为例[J].高校地质学报,2017,23(3):511-520.LIU Gang,WU Hao,ZHANG Chunlin,et al.Permeability evaluation of tight oil sandstone reservoirs based on MICP and NMR data:a case study from Chang 7 reservoir of the Yanchang formation in the Longdong area,Ordos basin[J].Geological Journal of China Universities,2017,23(3):511-520.
[17]郭河坤,刘强,李海波,等.四川盆地侏罗系致密储层孔隙结构特征[J].深圳大学学报(理工版),2013,30(3):306-312.GUO Hekun,LIU Qiang,LI Haibo,et al.Microstructural characteristics of the Jurassic tight oil reservoirs in Sichuan basin[J].Journal of Shenzhen University(Scinece&Engineering),2013,30(3):306-312.