导电耐磨自润滑涂层的研究现状与展望
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摘要
导电耐磨自润滑涂层是一种兼具高导电、高耐磨、低摩擦、耐高温和强韧化于一体的功能涂层,广泛应用于高端装备滑动电接触部件的表面性能提升。近年来,电子通讯、轨道交通和航空航天等领域的快速发展进一步促进了该类涂层的研究与应用。首先重点综述了常用的几种导电耐磨自润滑涂层的制备技术,包括冷喷涂技术、超音速等离子喷涂技术、磁控溅射技术、激光表面改性技术和电镀技术,并总结了各类技术的特点。随后,分析了影响涂层材料导电性能和摩擦磨损性能的主要因素和作用机理,进一步从能量角度探讨了载流摩擦磨损过程中的热量损失,从原子角度与相变角度揭示了材料的载流摩擦磨损机制,介绍了有望用于导电耐磨自润滑涂层的潜在材料体系(MAX相和Magnéli相等)。最后指出,优化涂层质量、研发考核实验设备和探究涂层导电耐磨自润滑机理是该综合防护涂层未来的重点发展方向。
The conductive wear resistant and self-lubricating coating is a functional special coating with the properties of high conductivity, high abrasion resistance, low friction, high temperature resistance and toughening. The coating is widely used in improving the surface performance of sliding electrical contact parts in high-endequipment, such as electromagnetic rail gun guide rail, water turbine generator collector ring and pantograph slide plate. Recently, the rapid development of electronic communication, rail transit, aerospace industrial and other technologies has further promoted the research and application of coating.The work mainly elaborated the relevant technologies for the preparation of conductive wear resistant and self-lubricating coatings, including cold spraying technology, supersonic plasma spraying technology, magnetron sputtering technology, laser surface modification technology and electroplating technology and summarized the characteristics of various preparation technologies.Then, the main factors and microscopic mechanism affecting the conductive and wear-resisting properties of coatings were analyzed, the heat loss from the perspective of energy in the process of current-carrying friction and wear were further discussed,and the mechanism of current-carrying friction and wear was revealed from the perspective of atom and phase transition. The potential system of materials for conductive wear resistant and self-lubricating(MAX, Magnéli and the like) coatings were analyzed. Finally, it pointed out that optimizing the coating quality, researching and developing of testing equipment and exploring the conductive, wear resistant and self-lubricating mechanism would be the key development directions of the comprehensive protective coating in the future.
The conductive wear resistant and self-lubricating coating is a functional special coating with the properties of high conductivity, high abrasion resistance, low friction, high temperature resistance and toughening. The coating is widely used in improving the surface performance of sliding electrical contact parts in high-endequipment, such as electromagnetic rail gun guide rail, water turbine generator collector ring and pantograph slide plate. Recently, the rapid development of electronic communication, rail transit, aerospace industrial and other technologies has further promoted the research and application of coating.The work mainly elaborated the relevant technologies for the preparation of conductive wear resistant and self-lubricating coatings, including cold spraying technology, supersonic plasma spraying technology, magnetron sputtering technology, laser surface modification technology and electroplating technology and summarized the characteristics of various preparation technologies.Then, the main factors and microscopic mechanism affecting the conductive and wear-resisting properties of coatings were analyzed, the heat loss from the perspective of energy in the process of current-carrying friction and wear were further discussed,and the mechanism of current-carrying friction and wear was revealed from the perspective of atom and phase transition. The potential system of materials for conductive wear resistant and self-lubricating(MAX, Magnéli and the like) coatings were analyzed. Finally, it pointed out that optimizing the coating quality, researching and developing of testing equipment and exploring the conductive, wear resistant and self-lubricating mechanism would be the key development directions of the comprehensive protective coating in the future.
引文
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