聚甲醛纤维研究进展及其在渔业中的应用
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摘要
聚甲醛是一种高密度、高结晶性的线性聚合物,属于工程塑料。聚甲醛纤维具有优异的机械强度、耐化学性、耐气候性、自润滑性能及抗生物附着性能。综述了聚甲醛及聚甲醛纤维的结构与性能,重点介绍了熔融纺丝法制备聚甲醛纤维,该法通过将聚甲醛熔融后从喷丝孔挤出,再经高倍热拉伸、定形制得高强度聚甲醛纤维。并对聚甲醛纤维在渔业中的应用进行了展望,分析了当前渔用合成纤维的不足及聚甲醛纤维在渔业领域中的应用前景,可用于大型远洋拖网、大型围网、高强度绳索、深远海养殖网箱等,对实现我国渔业调结构转方式有着重要作用。
Polyoxymethylene(POM) is a linear polymer with high density and high crystallinity,which belongs to engineering plastics. POM fibers have excellent mechanical strength,chemical resistance,climate resistance,self-lubrication and anti-biological attachment properties. Thus it is often used in textiles,cords,aircraft,fishing nets,etc. The structure and properties of POM and POM fibers were reviewed. The breaking strength of POM fibers prepared by melt spinning method can reach 7.40 cN/dtex and the elongation rate at break is 20%; POM fibers have strong alkali resistance,but it would decompose in acid solution; the strength retention rate of POM fibers remained 100% after being immersed in seawater for one year. Adding crystallization nucleating agent to reduce the spherocrystal size of POM fibers can improve the crystallization perfection of POM fibers. In addition,the application prospects of POM fibers in fishery were introduced.POM fibers make up for the low strength of natural fibers,and can meet the needs of modern fishery production,modernization and specialization of deep-water operations. Because of its high strength,high modulus,excellent abrasion resistance,scratch fracture resistance and stability of use,and good resistance to sea water,it is not easy to be corroded by microorganisms,it does not adsorb plankton,nor grow mould,has low water absorption rate,and can maintain good strength in sea water for a long time,so it can be used in large ocean trawl,large purse seine,high strength rope,deep sea aquaculture cage etc. The application of POM fibers in fisheries will promote the development of China' s new fishery situation and play an important role in realizing transfer mode and adjusting structure of fishery in China.
Polyoxymethylene(POM) is a linear polymer with high density and high crystallinity,which belongs to engineering plastics. POM fibers have excellent mechanical strength,chemical resistance,climate resistance,self-lubrication and anti-biological attachment properties. Thus it is often used in textiles,cords,aircraft,fishing nets,etc. The structure and properties of POM and POM fibers were reviewed. The breaking strength of POM fibers prepared by melt spinning method can reach 7.40 cN/dtex and the elongation rate at break is 20%; POM fibers have strong alkali resistance,but it would decompose in acid solution; the strength retention rate of POM fibers remained 100% after being immersed in seawater for one year. Adding crystallization nucleating agent to reduce the spherocrystal size of POM fibers can improve the crystallization perfection of POM fibers. In addition,the application prospects of POM fibers in fishery were introduced.POM fibers make up for the low strength of natural fibers,and can meet the needs of modern fishery production,modernization and specialization of deep-water operations. Because of its high strength,high modulus,excellent abrasion resistance,scratch fracture resistance and stability of use,and good resistance to sea water,it is not easy to be corroded by microorganisms,it does not adsorb plankton,nor grow mould,has low water absorption rate,and can maintain good strength in sea water for a long time,so it can be used in large ocean trawl,large purse seine,high strength rope,deep sea aquaculture cage etc. The application of POM fibers in fisheries will promote the development of China' s new fishery situation and play an important role in realizing transfer mode and adjusting structure of fishery in China.
引文
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[10]BALASUBRAMANIAN K,YADAV R,PRAJITH P.Antibacterial nanofibers of polyoxymethylene/gold for pro-hygiene applications[J].International Journal of Plastics Technology,2015,19(2):363-367.
[11]王焕莲,兰建武,刘波,等.聚甲醛的熔融纺丝温度[J].合成纤维,2009,38(4):34-37.WANG H L,LAN J W,LIU B,et al.Studies on melt spinning temperature of polyoxymethylene[J].Synthetic Fiber in China,2009,38(4):34-37.
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[13]FANG X,WYATT T,SHI J,et al.Fabrication of high-strength polyoxymethylene fibers by gel spinning[J].Journal of Materials Science,2018,53(11):11901-11916.
[14]张丽辉,刘建忠,周华新,等.聚甲醛纤维对混凝土性能的影响[J].混凝土与水泥制品,2018(1):58-62.ZAHNG L H,LIU J Z,ZHOU H X,et al.Study on the effect of polyoxymethylene fiber on concrete performance[J].China Concrete and Cement Products,2018(1):58-62.
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[17]刘婷婷.基于熔融纺丝制备高性能碳纤维原丝关键技术的研究[D].上海:东华大学,2015.LIU T T.Research on key technology of making high-performance pan carbon fiber precursors based on melt spinning[D].Shanghai:Donghua University,2015.
[18]PARK J W,KIM Y W,NAM T H.Crystallization and martensitic transformation behavior of Ti-Ni-Si alloy ribbons prepared via melt spinning[J].Journal of Nanoscience&Nanotechnology,2018,18(9):6326-6332.
[19]SAMON J M,SCHULTZ J M,HSIAO B S,et al.Structure development during the melt spinning of poly(oxymethylene)fiber[J].Polymer,2001,42(4):1547-1559.
[20]KUO C F J,LAN W L,DONG M Y,et al.Development of disperse dyes polypropylene fiber and process parameter optimization part II:Dyeable polypropylene fiber production and melt spinning process parameter optimization[J].Textile Research Journal,2018,88(13):1505-1516.
[21]PING H T,HSU C I,JIUN R H.Optimization of the wear properties of polyoxymethylene components under injection process conditions[J].Journal of Macromolecular Science:Part D-Reviews in Polymer Processing,2010,49(9):892-899.
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[23]WANG Y,ZHAO W,WANG X,et al.Preparation,mechanical properties and microstructure of polyoxymethylene fiber through melt spinning and hot drawing by using injection-molding grade resins[J].Fibers&Polymers,2016,17(9):1464-1474.
[24]黄廷健,牟浩,阳知乾,等.高强高模聚甲醛纤维的制备及其性能[J].纺织学报,2018,39(10):1-6.HUANG T J,MOU H,YANG Z Q,et al.Preparation and properties of high strength and high modulus polyoxymethylene fibers[J].Journal of Textile Research,2018,39(10):1-6.
[25]WANG J,TAO W,JING X,et al.Study on spinnability of polyacrylonitrile solution based on dynamics simulation of dry-jet wet spinning[J].Journal of Applied Polymer Science,2018,135(25):46377.
[26]WILMS C,SCHULZ B,SEIDE G,等.用于化学纤维工业加工和产品开发的新型溶液纺丝实验室[J].国际纺织导报,2014,42(6):31-32.WILMS C,SCHULZ B,SEIDE G.et al.New solution spinning lab for process and product development in the man-made fiber industry[J].Melliand China,2014,42(6):31-32.
[27]JIN J,OGALE A A.Carbon fibers derived from wetspinning of equi-component lignin/polyacrylonitrile blends[J].Journal of Applied Polymer Science,2018,135(8):45903.
[28]FALKAI B V,RELLNSMANN W.Producing polyoxymethylene filaments:UK Patent:GB11475974[P].1969.
[29]KULICHIKHIN V G,SKVORTSOV I Y,MIRONOVAM I,et al.From polyacrylonitrile,its solutions,and filaments to carbon fibers II.spinning pan-precursors and their thermal treatment[J].Advances in Polymer Technology,2018,37(4):1099-1113.
[30]LUFTL S,VISAKH P M,CHANDRAN S.Polyoxymethylene handbook[M].USA:Wiley,2014:53-105.
[31]徐泽夕,马刚峰,王学彩,等.聚甲醛纤维的研究进展与应用[J].现代纺织技术,2012,20(1):53-56.XU Z X,MA G F,WANG X C,et al.Research progress and application of polyoxymethylene fiber[J].Advanced Textile Technology,2012,20(1):53-56.
[32]马承银.聚甲醛单丝[J].合成纤维,1993(1):38-40.MA C Y.Polyoxymethylene monofilaments[J].Synthetic Fiber in China,1993(1):38-40.
[33]刘港,罗欢,周陈婷,等.弹性体共混改性对聚甲醛结晶行为及力学性能的影响[J].高分子通报,2018(9):61-67.LIU G,LUO H,ZHOU C T,et al.Influence of blending elastomers on the crystallization behavior and mechanical properties of polyoxymethylene[J].Polymer Bulletin,2018(9):61-67.
[34]DURMUS A,KASGOZ A,ERCAN N,et al.Effect of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane(POSS)reinforced polypropylene(PP)nanocomposite on the microstructure and isothermal crystallization kinetics of polyoxymethylene(POM)[J].Polymer,2012,53(23):5347-5357.
[35]DAS A K,SUIN S,SHRIVASTAVA N K,et al.Effect of nanoclay on the morphology and properties of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene toughened polyoxymethylene(POM)/clay nanocomposites[J].Polymer Composites,2014,35(2):273-282.
[36]孙得翔,何小芳,范利丹,等.聚甲醛的改性及应用研究[J].工程塑料应用,2015,43(12):132-135.SUN D X,HE X F,FAN L D,et al.Research progress on modification and application of polyformaldehyde[J].Engineering Plastics Application,2015,43(12):132-135.
[37]闵明华,陈晓蕾,余雯雯,等.渔用纳米蒙脱土改性聚乳酸纤维制备及性能[J].海洋渔业,2014,36(6):557-564.MIN M H,CHEN X L,YU W W,et al.Preparation and properties of fishery polylactic acid fiber modified by nano-montmorillonite[J].Marine Fisheries,2014,36(6):557-564.
[38]闵明华,李雄,黄洪亮,等.渔用纳米蒙脱土改性聚乳酸单丝降解性能[J].海洋渔业,2017,39(6):690-695.MIN M H,LI X,HUANG H L,et al.Degradation properties of fishery polylactic acid monofilament modified by nano-montmorillonite[J].Marine Fisheries,2017,39(6):690-695.
[39]章诚,李素霞.渔业转型的社会学阐释:一个分析框架[J].中国海洋大学学报,2015(1):23-29.ZHANG C,LI S X.A sociological study on fishery transformation:An analytical framework[J].Periodical of Ocean University of China,2015(1):23-29.
[40]菅康康.浅析渔用合成纤维材料现状与问题[J].农村经济与科技,2017,28(23):83-85.JIAN K K.Analysis on the current situation and problems of synthetic fiber materials for fishery[J].Rural Economy and Science-Technology,2017,28(23):83-85.
[2]LI Y,ZHOU T,CHEN Z,et al.Non-isothermal crystallization process of polyoxymethylene studied by two-dimensional correlation infrared spectroscopy[J].Polymer,2011,52(9):2059-2069.
[3]PIELICHOWSKA K,DRYZEK E,OLEJNICZAK Z,et al.A study on the melting and crystallization of polyoxymethylene-copolymer/hydroxyapatite nanocomposites[J].Polymers for Advanced Technologies,2013,24(3):318-330.
[4]文珍稀.聚甲醛纤维的制备与表征[D].上海:东华大学,2011.WEN Z X.Study on the preparation and characterization of polyoxymethylene fibers[D].Shanghai:Donghua University,2011.
[5]GUO X,ZHANG J,HUANG J.Poly(lactic acid)/polyoxymethylene blends:Morphology,crystallization,rheology,and thermal mechanical properties[J].Polymer,2015,69(9):103-109.
[6]曹玲玲,王勇,王依民.聚甲醛纤维的发展与应用[J].合成技术及应用,2008,23(1):38-41.CAO L L,WANG Y,WANG Y M.The development and application of polyoxymethylene fiber[J].Synthetic Technology and Application,2008,23(1):38-41.
[7]HEINLEIN G S,TIMPEE S J.Development of elastic and plastic properties of polyoxymethylene during bending fatigue[J].Journal of Applied Polymer Science,2014,131(18):9225-9234.
[8]ALBERT G W.Process for preparing high tenacity polyoxymethylene fibers:US Patent,3536219[P].1970-11-06.
[9]CLARK E S,SCOTT L S.Superdrawn crystalline polymers:a new class of high-strength fiber[J].Polymer Engineering&Science,1974,14(10):682-686.
[10]BALASUBRAMANIAN K,YADAV R,PRAJITH P.Antibacterial nanofibers of polyoxymethylene/gold for pro-hygiene applications[J].International Journal of Plastics Technology,2015,19(2):363-367.
[11]王焕莲,兰建武,刘波,等.聚甲醛的熔融纺丝温度[J].合成纤维,2009,38(4):34-37.WANG H L,LAN J W,LIU B,et al.Studies on melt spinning temperature of polyoxymethylene[J].Synthetic Fiber in China,2009,38(4):34-37.
[12]文珍稀,叶敏,彭刚,等.聚甲醛纤维的制备及其力学性能研究[J].合成纤维,2011,40(1):24-27.WEN Z X,YE M,PENG G,et al.Study on preparation and mechanical property of POM fiber[J].Synthetic Fiber in China,2011,40(1):24-27.
[13]FANG X,WYATT T,SHI J,et al.Fabrication of high-strength polyoxymethylene fibers by gel spinning[J].Journal of Materials Science,2018,53(11):11901-11916.
[14]张丽辉,刘建忠,周华新,等.聚甲醛纤维对混凝土性能的影响[J].混凝土与水泥制品,2018(1):58-62.ZAHNG L H,LIU J Z,ZHOU H X,et al.Study on the effect of polyoxymethylene fiber on concrete performance[J].China Concrete and Cement Products,2018(1):58-62.
[15]LUFTL S,VISAKH P M,CHANDRAN S.Polyoxymethylene handbook[M].USA:Wiley,2014:107-151.
[16]陈丽萍,王桦,覃俊,等.聚甲醛纤维的制备与性能[J].合成纤维,2016,45(3):24-28.CHEN L P,WANG H,TAN J,et al.Preparation and properties of POM fibers[J].Synthetic Fiber in China,2016,45(3):24-28.
[17]刘婷婷.基于熔融纺丝制备高性能碳纤维原丝关键技术的研究[D].上海:东华大学,2015.LIU T T.Research on key technology of making high-performance pan carbon fiber precursors based on melt spinning[D].Shanghai:Donghua University,2015.
[18]PARK J W,KIM Y W,NAM T H.Crystallization and martensitic transformation behavior of Ti-Ni-Si alloy ribbons prepared via melt spinning[J].Journal of Nanoscience&Nanotechnology,2018,18(9):6326-6332.
[19]SAMON J M,SCHULTZ J M,HSIAO B S,et al.Structure development during the melt spinning of poly(oxymethylene)fiber[J].Polymer,2001,42(4):1547-1559.
[20]KUO C F J,LAN W L,DONG M Y,et al.Development of disperse dyes polypropylene fiber and process parameter optimization part II:Dyeable polypropylene fiber production and melt spinning process parameter optimization[J].Textile Research Journal,2018,88(13):1505-1516.
[21]PING H T,HSU C I,JIUN R H.Optimization of the wear properties of polyoxymethylene components under injection process conditions[J].Journal of Macromolecular Science:Part D-Reviews in Polymer Processing,2010,49(9):892-899.
[22]鞠谷雄士,大川秀俊.聚甲醛纤维及其制造方法:中国专利:CN100334271C[P].2007-08-29.KIKUTANI T,OKAWA T.Polyoxymethylene fiber and its manufacturing method:China Patent:CN100334271C[P].2007-08-29.
[23]WANG Y,ZHAO W,WANG X,et al.Preparation,mechanical properties and microstructure of polyoxymethylene fiber through melt spinning and hot drawing by using injection-molding grade resins[J].Fibers&Polymers,2016,17(9):1464-1474.
[24]黄廷健,牟浩,阳知乾,等.高强高模聚甲醛纤维的制备及其性能[J].纺织学报,2018,39(10):1-6.HUANG T J,MOU H,YANG Z Q,et al.Preparation and properties of high strength and high modulus polyoxymethylene fibers[J].Journal of Textile Research,2018,39(10):1-6.
[25]WANG J,TAO W,JING X,et al.Study on spinnability of polyacrylonitrile solution based on dynamics simulation of dry-jet wet spinning[J].Journal of Applied Polymer Science,2018,135(25):46377.
[26]WILMS C,SCHULZ B,SEIDE G,等.用于化学纤维工业加工和产品开发的新型溶液纺丝实验室[J].国际纺织导报,2014,42(6):31-32.WILMS C,SCHULZ B,SEIDE G.et al.New solution spinning lab for process and product development in the man-made fiber industry[J].Melliand China,2014,42(6):31-32.
[27]JIN J,OGALE A A.Carbon fibers derived from wetspinning of equi-component lignin/polyacrylonitrile blends[J].Journal of Applied Polymer Science,2018,135(8):45903.
[28]FALKAI B V,RELLNSMANN W.Producing polyoxymethylene filaments:UK Patent:GB11475974[P].1969.
[29]KULICHIKHIN V G,SKVORTSOV I Y,MIRONOVAM I,et al.From polyacrylonitrile,its solutions,and filaments to carbon fibers II.spinning pan-precursors and their thermal treatment[J].Advances in Polymer Technology,2018,37(4):1099-1113.
[30]LUFTL S,VISAKH P M,CHANDRAN S.Polyoxymethylene handbook[M].USA:Wiley,2014:53-105.
[31]徐泽夕,马刚峰,王学彩,等.聚甲醛纤维的研究进展与应用[J].现代纺织技术,2012,20(1):53-56.XU Z X,MA G F,WANG X C,et al.Research progress and application of polyoxymethylene fiber[J].Advanced Textile Technology,2012,20(1):53-56.
[32]马承银.聚甲醛单丝[J].合成纤维,1993(1):38-40.MA C Y.Polyoxymethylene monofilaments[J].Synthetic Fiber in China,1993(1):38-40.
[33]刘港,罗欢,周陈婷,等.弹性体共混改性对聚甲醛结晶行为及力学性能的影响[J].高分子通报,2018(9):61-67.LIU G,LUO H,ZHOU C T,et al.Influence of blending elastomers on the crystallization behavior and mechanical properties of polyoxymethylene[J].Polymer Bulletin,2018(9):61-67.
[34]DURMUS A,KASGOZ A,ERCAN N,et al.Effect of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane(POSS)reinforced polypropylene(PP)nanocomposite on the microstructure and isothermal crystallization kinetics of polyoxymethylene(POM)[J].Polymer,2012,53(23):5347-5357.
[35]DAS A K,SUIN S,SHRIVASTAVA N K,et al.Effect of nanoclay on the morphology and properties of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene toughened polyoxymethylene(POM)/clay nanocomposites[J].Polymer Composites,2014,35(2):273-282.
[36]孙得翔,何小芳,范利丹,等.聚甲醛的改性及应用研究[J].工程塑料应用,2015,43(12):132-135.SUN D X,HE X F,FAN L D,et al.Research progress on modification and application of polyformaldehyde[J].Engineering Plastics Application,2015,43(12):132-135.
[37]闵明华,陈晓蕾,余雯雯,等.渔用纳米蒙脱土改性聚乳酸纤维制备及性能[J].海洋渔业,2014,36(6):557-564.MIN M H,CHEN X L,YU W W,et al.Preparation and properties of fishery polylactic acid fiber modified by nano-montmorillonite[J].Marine Fisheries,2014,36(6):557-564.
[38]闵明华,李雄,黄洪亮,等.渔用纳米蒙脱土改性聚乳酸单丝降解性能[J].海洋渔业,2017,39(6):690-695.MIN M H,LI X,HUANG H L,et al.Degradation properties of fishery polylactic acid monofilament modified by nano-montmorillonite[J].Marine Fisheries,2017,39(6):690-695.
[39]章诚,李素霞.渔业转型的社会学阐释:一个分析框架[J].中国海洋大学学报,2015(1):23-29.ZHANG C,LI S X.A sociological study on fishery transformation:An analytical framework[J].Periodical of Ocean University of China,2015(1):23-29.
[40]菅康康.浅析渔用合成纤维材料现状与问题[J].农村经济与科技,2017,28(23):83-85.JIAN K K.Analysis on the current situation and problems of synthetic fiber materials for fishery[J].Rural Economy and Science-Technology,2017,28(23):83-85.
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