工作面切眼顶板冒顶危险区预测体系研究
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摘要
为了解决单指标巷道顶板冒顶危险区预测方法在进行切眼顶板冒顶危险区预测时预测精度不足和预测结果不准确的问题,利用RFPA数值模拟和层次分析法,研究了切眼顶板冒顶机理和冒顶影响因素。结果揭示了切眼冒顶机理:岩层强度和刚度大小的不同会对岩层间的离层大小产生重要影响,离层量的大小决定了冒顶的程度。同时发现切眼顶板冒顶的2个主要因素为锚杆(索)支护质量和顶板岩层结构。以这2个影响因素为预测指标,建立了切眼顶板冒顶危险区预测体系。利用预测体系对12018工作面切眼顶板冒顶危险区进行了预测,预测结果显示超过50%面积的切眼顶板存在冒顶危险,危险区主要分布在切眼的上下端头位置和切眼中部位置,据此对危险区域进行了补强支护设计。补强支护后的顶板平均离层量仅为12 mm,顶板下沉速率为0.2mm/d,保证了切眼的安全。
In order to improve the precision and accuracy in forecasting the risk level of opening roof only applying single index, affecting factors and mechanism of roof caving in opening area are studied with methods of RFPA numerical simulation and analysis hierarchy process. The mechanism shows that the difference in rock strength and stiffness leads to a dramatic variation in the separation size between roof strata, which has a direct impact on the degree of roof carving. Also, it points out that the anchor bolt(cable) supporting quality and the structure of roof strata are two main factors affecting roof caving in opening area. Taking these two factors as forecast indexes, the danger-area forecast system of opening roof was built up, and forecast of the danger-area is made in opening area of 12018 working face basing on this system. The forecast result illustrates that roof caving danger exists in more than 50% area of the roof in opening area, and the danger-areas distribute in the upper and lower end position and in the central position. According to this forecast result, reinforcing supported the danger-area to ensure the safety and reliability of mining operation, with a separate minor average size of 12 mm and a gradual falling rate of 0.2 mm/d.
In order to improve the precision and accuracy in forecasting the risk level of opening roof only applying single index, affecting factors and mechanism of roof caving in opening area are studied with methods of RFPA numerical simulation and analysis hierarchy process. The mechanism shows that the difference in rock strength and stiffness leads to a dramatic variation in the separation size between roof strata, which has a direct impact on the degree of roof carving. Also, it points out that the anchor bolt(cable) supporting quality and the structure of roof strata are two main factors affecting roof caving in opening area. Taking these two factors as forecast indexes, the danger-area forecast system of opening roof was built up, and forecast of the danger-area is made in opening area of 12018 working face basing on this system. The forecast result illustrates that roof caving danger exists in more than 50% area of the roof in opening area, and the danger-areas distribute in the upper and lower end position and in the central position. According to this forecast result, reinforcing supported the danger-area to ensure the safety and reliability of mining operation, with a separate minor average size of 12 mm and a gradual falling rate of 0.2 mm/d.
引文
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[15]刘少伟.锚杆支护煤巷冒顶危险的应力影响及工程应用[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2007,24(2):98-103.LIU Shaowei.Effect of stress on roof falling in coal drift supported by bolts and its engineering application[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2007,24(2):98-103.
[16]刘少伟.偏心载荷作用下煤巷顶板托盘失效的理论与实验分析[J].煤炭学报,2007,32(11):456-460.LIU Shaowei.Failure theory and experiment of the tray in roadway roof with eccentric load[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2007,32(11):456-460.
[17]谭云亮,石永奎,刘传孝.无督学习的神经网络聚类分析模型及在软岩类型指标分析中的应用[J].山东矿业学院学报,1995,14(4):349-352.TAN Yunliang,SHI Yongkui,LIU Chuanxiao.Unsupervised-learning neural network clustering analysis model and applications in the index analysis of soft rocks[J].Journal of Shandong Mining Institute,1995,14(4):349-352.
[2]谭云亮,赵同彬,颜伟.顶板活动地震波突变特征的小波识别[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(11):357-360.TAN Yunliang,ZHAO Tongbin,YAN Wei.Wavelet identification for roof-failure induced seismic wave feature[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2003,22(11):357-360.
[3]谭云亮,赵同彬,颜伟.岩层破坏突变前兆异常识别方法[J].岩土力学,2003,24(增刊2):758-763.TAN Yunliang,ZHAO Tongbin,YAN Wei.Identification method for abnormal omen caused by strata catastrophe[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2003,24(Sup 2):758-763.
[4]谭云亮,孙中辉,杜学东.冲击地压AE时间序列小波神经网络预测模型[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2000,19(增刊1):426-433.TAN Yunliang,SUN Zhonghui,DU Xuedong.A wavelet neural network predicting model for acoustic emission time series of rock burst[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2000,19(Sup 1):426-433.
[5]兰建义,王永建.井下煤炭产运平衡改善的可靠性分析[J].煤炭工程,2010(10):489-492.LAN Jianyi,WANG Yongjian.Reliability analysis on coal production and transportation balance improvement in underground mine[J].Coal Engineering,2010(10):489-492.
[6]王永建,黄瑞敏,郭树勤,等.离散物流仓运系统的可靠性分析[J].河南理工大学学报:自然科学版,2012,31(1):126-133.WANG Yongjian,HUANG Ruimin,GUO Shuqin,et al.Reliability analysis of the discrete logistics transportation system[J].Journal of Henan Polytechnic University:Natural Science Edition,2012,31(1):126-133.
[7]王永建,郭树勤,黄瑞敏.基于精益生产理论的生产现场改善方法的应用[J].机电工程,2011,25(10):116-123.WANG Yongjian,GUO Shuqin,HUANG Ruimin.Improvement of process based upon lean production[J].Journal of Mechanical&Electrical Engineering,2011,25(10):116-123.
[8]王平,姜福兴,冯增强,等.高位厚硬顶板断裂与矿震预测的关系探讨[J].岩土工程学报,2011,33(4):186-190.WANG Ping,JIANG Fuxing,FENG Zengqiang,et al.Relationship between fracture of high-position thick and hard roof and mine quake forecast[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2011,33(4):186-190.
[9]王存文,姜福兴,王平,等.煤柱诱发冲击地压的微震事件分布特征与力学机理[J].煤炭学报,2009,34(9):46-53.WANG Cunwen,JIANG Fuxing,WANG Ping,et al.Microseismic events distribution characteristics and mechanical mechanisms of rock bursting induced by a coal pillar[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2009,34(9):46-53.
[10]王平,姜福兴,王存文,等.冲击地压的应力增量预报方法[J].煤炭学报,2010,35(增刊1):1206-1213.WANG Ping,JIANG Fuxing,WANG Cunwen,et al.The stress incremental forecasting method of rock burst[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2010,35(Sup 1):1206-1213.
[11]臧士勇.块体理论及其在采场巷道稳定性分析中的应用[J].昆明理工大学学报,1997,22(4):1251-1260.ZANG Shiyong.Rudiments of block theory and its application to the stability analysis of stope driftway[J].Journal of Kunming University of Science and Technology,1997,22(4):1251-1260.
[12]臧士勇.岩体结构分析与监测共同预测预报冒顶片帮[J].云南冶金,1996(3):1260-1266.ZANG Shiyong.Forecast for roof fall and spalling rib by using analysis and monitoring about rock structure[J].Yunnan Metallurgy,1996(3):1260-1266.
[13]臧士勇.岩体结构分析监测法及其应用[J].有色金属:矿山部分,1996(6):14-23.ZANG Shiyong.The method of analysis and monitoring about rock structure and its application[J].Nonferrous Metals:Mining,1996(6):14-23.
[14]刘少伟,张辉,张伟光,等.倾斜煤层回采巷道上帮煤体滑移危险分析与应用[J].中国矿业大学学报,2011,40(1):76-83.LIU Shaowei,ZHANG Hui,ZHANG Weiguang,et al.Slipping hazard analysis and engineering application in up-right-side coal body of roadway for the incline coal seams[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2011,40(1):76-83.
[15]刘少伟.锚杆支护煤巷冒顶危险的应力影响及工程应用[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2007,24(2):98-103.LIU Shaowei.Effect of stress on roof falling in coal drift supported by bolts and its engineering application[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2007,24(2):98-103.
[16]刘少伟.偏心载荷作用下煤巷顶板托盘失效的理论与实验分析[J].煤炭学报,2007,32(11):456-460.LIU Shaowei.Failure theory and experiment of the tray in roadway roof with eccentric load[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2007,32(11):456-460.
[17]谭云亮,石永奎,刘传孝.无督学习的神经网络聚类分析模型及在软岩类型指标分析中的应用[J].山东矿业学院学报,1995,14(4):349-352.TAN Yunliang,SHI Yongkui,LIU Chuanxiao.Unsupervised-learning neural network clustering analysis model and applications in the index analysis of soft rocks[J].Journal of Shandong Mining Institute,1995,14(4):349-352.