四川省近年育成小麦品种农艺性状和品质性状分析
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摘要
为给四川小麦新品种培育和生产提供参考,统计了2008-2018年四川省审定的100个小麦品种的6个农艺性状和8个品质性状,并对其性状变化规律及相关性进行了分析。结果表明,2008-2018年四川省审定小麦品种的产量水平呈逐年上升趋势,平均每年提高22.0 kg·hm~(-2);产量三要素中,穗数和粒重呈下降趋势,穗粒数呈上升趋势。生育期平均每年缩短0.36 d,株高呈上升趋势,但变化不明显。高产品种的穗数较多,千粒重较高,增加穗粒数可能是进一步提高产量潜力的关键。近年审定品种的粗蛋白含量和沉降值相对较高,但湿面筋含量、稳定时间等指标相对较低;同一品种多个品质指标间强、中、弱筋层次交错。总体来看,四川省小麦高产优质育种仍有较大提升空间,穗数接近350×10~4·hm~(-2)、穗粒数44粒、千粒重45 g以上的多穗型品种可能更适合四川气候和生产条件;相同品种的多个品质指标间不协调,总体较差,品质遗传改良研究亟需加强。
To provide reference for wheat breeding and production in Sichuan in the future, six agronomic traits and eight quality traits of 100 wheat varieties released in Sichuan Province from 2008 to 2018 were tested, the variation and correlation of the traits were analyzed. The results indicated that the yield of wheat varieties increased annually by 22.0 kg·hm~(-2). Among the three factors of yield, spike number and grain weight showed a downward trend, while the grain number per spike showed a significant upward trend. The growth duration decreased annually by 0.36 d, and the plant height showed an upward trend, but the change was not obvious. The cultivars with higher yield had more spike number,grain weight is higher,suggesting that it may be an effective measure to increase grain number per spike to further increase yield potential. Sichuan wheat cultivars released recently had relatively high protein and sedimentation volume, low wet gluten content and stability time. Strong, middle and weak dough among multiple quality indices of the same variety were interlaced. Cultivars with 350 spikes per square, 44 kernels per spike and the 1 000-grain weight over 45 g, may be more suitable for Sichuan's climate and production conditions. Wheat varieties bred in Sichuan in recent years had poorer quality in total, and more effective measures should be taken for quality improvement greatly.
To provide reference for wheat breeding and production in Sichuan in the future, six agronomic traits and eight quality traits of 100 wheat varieties released in Sichuan Province from 2008 to 2018 were tested, the variation and correlation of the traits were analyzed. The results indicated that the yield of wheat varieties increased annually by 22.0 kg·hm~(-2). Among the three factors of yield, spike number and grain weight showed a downward trend, while the grain number per spike showed a significant upward trend. The growth duration decreased annually by 0.36 d, and the plant height showed an upward trend, but the change was not obvious. The cultivars with higher yield had more spike number,grain weight is higher,suggesting that it may be an effective measure to increase grain number per spike to further increase yield potential. Sichuan wheat cultivars released recently had relatively high protein and sedimentation volume, low wet gluten content and stability time. Strong, middle and weak dough among multiple quality indices of the same variety were interlaced. Cultivars with 350 spikes per square, 44 kernels per spike and the 1 000-grain weight over 45 g, may be more suitable for Sichuan's climate and production conditions. Wheat varieties bred in Sichuan in recent years had poorer quality in total, and more effective measures should be taken for quality improvement greatly.
引文
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[12]孙军伟,杨子光,孟丽梅,等.北部冬麦区旱地小麦品种主要农艺性状的演变规律[J].山西农业科学,2018,46(7):1078.SUN J W,YANG Z G,MENG L M,et al.Evolution rule of main agronomic traits of dry land wheat varieties in northern winter wheat region [J].Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences,2018,46(7):1078.
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[14]宋健民,戴双,李豪圣,等.山东省近年来审定小麦品种农艺和品质性状演变分析[J].中国农业科学,2013,46(6):1114.SONG J M,DAI S,LI H S,et al.Evolution of agronomic and quality traits of wheat cultivars released in Shandong Province recently [J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2013,46(6):1114.
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[18]李俊,魏会廷,杨粟洁,等.川麦42的1BS染色体臂对小麦主要农艺性状的遗传效应[J].作物学报,2009,35(12):2167.LI J,WEI H T,YANG S J,et al.Genetic effects of 1BS chromosome arm on the main agronomic traits in Chuanmai 42 [J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,2009,35(12):2167.
[19]张知仪,李朝苏,郭大明,等.川麦42等人工合成小麦衍生品种的示范推广及成效[J].西南农业学报,2009,22(4):1146.ZHANG Z Y,LI C S,GUO D M,et al.Extension and achievement of synthetic hexaploid wheats-derived varieties Chuanmai 42 and its sister lines [J].Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2009,22(4):1146.
[20]马从艳.人工合成小麦衍生品种蜀麦969籽粒灌浆特性分析[D].成都:四川农业大学,2016.MA C Y.Analysis of grain filling characteristics of shumai 969,a synthetic wheat derivative [D].Chengdu:Sichuan Agricultural University,2016.
[21]LIU D C,ZHANG L Q,HAO M,et al.Wheat breeding in the hometown of Chinese Spring [J].The Crop Journal,2018,6(1):1.
[22]陈超,庞艳梅,张玉芳.近50年来四川盆地气候变化特征研究[J].西南大学学报(自然科学版),2010,32(9):115.CHEN C,PANG Y M,ZHANG Y F.On the characteristics of climate change in Sichuan basin in the recent 50 years [J].Journal of Southwest University(Natural Science),2010,32(9):115.
[23]ALTIERI M A,NICHOLLS C I,HENAO A,et al.Agroecology and the design of climate change-resilient farming systems [J].Agronomy for Sustainable Development,2015,35(3):869.
[24]崔耀平,肖登攀,刘素洁,等.中国夏玉米和冬小麦近年生育期变化及其与气候的关系[J].中国生态农业学报,2018(3):388.CUI Y P,XIAO D P,LIU S J,et al.Growth periods variation of summer maize and winter wheat and their correlations with hydrothermal conditions in recent years in China [J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2018(3):388.
[25]李鸿恩,张玉良,吴秀琴,等.我国小麦种质资源主要品质特性鉴定结果及评价[J].中国农业科学,1995(5):29.LI H E,ZHANG Y L,WU X Q,et al.Identification and evaluation of main quality characteristics of wheat germplasm resources in China [J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,1995(5):29.
[26]胡学旭,周桂英,吴丽娜,等.2006-2014年我国小麦品质在年度和品质区之间的变化[J].麦类作物学报,2016,36(3):292.HU X X,ZHOU G Y,WU L N,et al.Variation of wheat quality in wheat-producing regions in China from 2006 to 2014 [J].Journal of Triticeae Crops,2016,36(3):292.
[27]李朝苏,吴晓丽,汤永禄,等.四川近十年小麦主栽品种的品质状况[J].作物学报,2016,42(6):803.LI C S,WU X L,TANG Y L,et al.Quality of major wheat cultivars grown in Sichuan Province in recent decade [J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,2016,42(6):803.
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[29]LI Z L,LI H Y,CHEN G,et al.Characterization of a novel y-type HMW-GS with eight cysteine residues from Triticum monococcum ssp.Monococcum [J].Gene,2015(1):110.
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[2]杜振华,孙芳华,陈孝.“八五”小麦育种攻关研究概述[M]//庄巧生,杜振华.中国小麦育种研究进展.北京:中国农业出版社,1996:1-14.DU Z H,SUN F H,CHEN X.Wheat breeding progress from 1991 to 1995 [M]//ZHUANG Q S,DU Z H.Advance of wheat breeding in China.Beijing:China Agriculture Press,1996:1-14.
[3]饶世达,张丽珠,李生荣.四川小麦育种历史及建国以来的主要成就[M]//余遥.四川小麦.成都:四川科技出版社,1998:129-142.RAO S D,ZHANG L Z,LI S R.History of wheat breeding in sichuan and major achievements since the founding of the People’s Republic of China [M]//YU Y.Sichuan wheat.Chengdu:Sichuan Science and Technology Press,1998:129-142.
[4]刘仲齐,饶世达,蒲宗君,等.1950 年以来四川盆地小麦品种产量性状的遗传改良[C]//中国农学会.21 世纪小麦遗传育种展望-小麦遗传育种国际学术讨论会文集.北京:中国农业科技出版社,2001:491-495.LIU Z Q,RAO S D,PU Z J,et al.Genetic improvement of wheat yield characters in sichuan basin since 1950 [C]//Chinese society of agriculture,eds.Outlook on wheat genetic breeding in the 21st century - international symposium on wheat genetic breeding.Beijing:China Agricultural Science and Technology Press,2001:491-495.
[5]唐永金.四川小麦品种的历史、现状和未来[J].国外农学— 麦类作物,1996(6):5.TANG Y J.History,present situation and future of wheat varieties in Sichuan [J].Foreign Agronomy-wheat Crop,1996(6):5.
[6]伍玲,朱华忠,邓丽,等.1997-2007年通过四川省区试审定的小麦品种述评[J].西南农业学报,2008,21(3):562.WU L,ZHU H Z,DENG L,et al.Review of the release wheat cultivars through Sichuan Provincial trial during 1997 to 2007 [J].Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Science,2008,21(3):562.
[7]何中虎,林作楫,王龙俊,等.中国小麦品质区划的研究[J].中国农业科学,2002,35(4):359.HE Z H,LIN Z J,WANG L J,et al.Classification on Chinese wheat regions based on quality [J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2002,35(4):359.
[8]汤永禄,吴元奇,朱华忠,等.四川小麦主栽品种的品质性状表现及其稳定性[J].作物学报,2010,36(11):1910.TANG Y L,WU Y Q,ZHU H Z,et al.Quality performance and stability of main wheat cultivars in Sichuan Province,China [J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,2010,36(11):1910.
[9]闫长生,张海萍,海林,等.中国小麦品种穗发芽抗性差异的研究[J].作物学报,2006,32(4):580.YAN C S,ZHANG H P,HAI L,et al.Difference of preharvest sprouting resistance among Chinese wheat cultivars [J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,2006,32(4):580.
[10]蒋进,王淑荣,张连全,等.四川省“十二五”期间育成小麦新品种的品质分析[J].种子,2017,36(2):95.JIANG J,WANG S R,ZHANG L Q,et al.Quality analysis of wheat varieties released in Sichuan Province during the 12 th Five-Year Plan [J].Seed,2017,36(2):95.
[11]郑建敏,罗江陶,李式昭,等.2008-2016年四川省小麦区试品系品质分析[J].麦类作物学报,2017,37(4):513.ZHENG J M,LUO J T,LI S Z,et al.Quality of wheat varieties in regional test in Sichuan Province from 2008 to 2016 [J].Journal of Triticeae Crops,2017,37(4):513.
[12]孙军伟,杨子光,孟丽梅,等.北部冬麦区旱地小麦品种主要农艺性状的演变规律[J].山西农业科学,2018,46(7):1078.SUN J W,YANG Z G,MENG L M,et al.Evolution rule of main agronomic traits of dry land wheat varieties in northern winter wheat region [J].Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences,2018,46(7):1078.
[13]郭瑞,李正玲,张煜,等.30年来河南省不同类型小麦品种产量和农艺性状演变规律[J].河南农业科学,2018,47(4):15.GUO R,LI Z L,ZHANG Y,et al.Evolution rule of agronomic and yield traits of different types of wheat varieties in Henan Province in past 30 years [J].Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences,2018,47(4):15.
[14]宋健民,戴双,李豪圣,等.山东省近年来审定小麦品种农艺和品质性状演变分析[J].中国农业科学,2013,46(6):1114.SONG J M,DAI S,LI H S,et al.Evolution of agronomic and quality traits of wheat cultivars released in Shandong Province recently [J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2013,46(6):1114.
[15]ZHOU Y,ZHU H Z,CAI S B,et al.Genetic improvement of grain yield and associated traits in the southern China winter wheat region,1960 to 2000 [J].Euphytica,2007,157(3):465.
[16]张颙,杨武云,邹裕春.源于CIMMYT人工合成种的小麦新品种川麦42的选育与研究[J].西南农业学报,2007,20(2):199.ZHANG Y,YANG W Y,ZHOU Y C.Characterisation of the new wheat cultivar Chuanmai 42 derived from CIMMYT hexaploid wheat [J].Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2007,20(2):199.
[17]陆炳.小麦骨干亲本川麦42产量性状QTL定位[D].北京:中国科学院大学,2016.LU B.QTL mapping of yield characters of wheat backbone parent Chuanmai 42 [D].Beijing:University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,2016.
[18]李俊,魏会廷,杨粟洁,等.川麦42的1BS染色体臂对小麦主要农艺性状的遗传效应[J].作物学报,2009,35(12):2167.LI J,WEI H T,YANG S J,et al.Genetic effects of 1BS chromosome arm on the main agronomic traits in Chuanmai 42 [J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,2009,35(12):2167.
[19]张知仪,李朝苏,郭大明,等.川麦42等人工合成小麦衍生品种的示范推广及成效[J].西南农业学报,2009,22(4):1146.ZHANG Z Y,LI C S,GUO D M,et al.Extension and achievement of synthetic hexaploid wheats-derived varieties Chuanmai 42 and its sister lines [J].Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2009,22(4):1146.
[20]马从艳.人工合成小麦衍生品种蜀麦969籽粒灌浆特性分析[D].成都:四川农业大学,2016.MA C Y.Analysis of grain filling characteristics of shumai 969,a synthetic wheat derivative [D].Chengdu:Sichuan Agricultural University,2016.
[21]LIU D C,ZHANG L Q,HAO M,et al.Wheat breeding in the hometown of Chinese Spring [J].The Crop Journal,2018,6(1):1.
[22]陈超,庞艳梅,张玉芳.近50年来四川盆地气候变化特征研究[J].西南大学学报(自然科学版),2010,32(9):115.CHEN C,PANG Y M,ZHANG Y F.On the characteristics of climate change in Sichuan basin in the recent 50 years [J].Journal of Southwest University(Natural Science),2010,32(9):115.
[23]ALTIERI M A,NICHOLLS C I,HENAO A,et al.Agroecology and the design of climate change-resilient farming systems [J].Agronomy for Sustainable Development,2015,35(3):869.
[24]崔耀平,肖登攀,刘素洁,等.中国夏玉米和冬小麦近年生育期变化及其与气候的关系[J].中国生态农业学报,2018(3):388.CUI Y P,XIAO D P,LIU S J,et al.Growth periods variation of summer maize and winter wheat and their correlations with hydrothermal conditions in recent years in China [J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2018(3):388.
[25]李鸿恩,张玉良,吴秀琴,等.我国小麦种质资源主要品质特性鉴定结果及评价[J].中国农业科学,1995(5):29.LI H E,ZHANG Y L,WU X Q,et al.Identification and evaluation of main quality characteristics of wheat germplasm resources in China [J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,1995(5):29.
[26]胡学旭,周桂英,吴丽娜,等.2006-2014年我国小麦品质在年度和品质区之间的变化[J].麦类作物学报,2016,36(3):292.HU X X,ZHOU G Y,WU L N,et al.Variation of wheat quality in wheat-producing regions in China from 2006 to 2014 [J].Journal of Triticeae Crops,2016,36(3):292.
[27]李朝苏,吴晓丽,汤永禄,等.四川近十年小麦主栽品种的品质状况[J].作物学报,2016,42(6):803.LI C S,WU X L,TANG Y L,et al.Quality of major wheat cultivars grown in Sichuan Province in recent decade [J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,2016,42(6):803.
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