基于微卫星的胭脂鱼养殖群体遗传多样性及人工放流监测的分析
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摘要
利用13个微卫星分子标记研究了我国重庆、江西永丰、江西新干三个胭脂鱼(Myxocyprinus asiaticus)繁殖基地子一代群体的遗传多样性和遗传结构。结果显示,13个微卫星位点均呈现多态性,等位基因数目为8~17个,多态信息含量为0.35~0.84,Shannon多样性指数为1.61~1.64,观测杂合度为0.108 1~0.825 5,期望杂合度为0.384 6~0.856 8,Hard-Weinberg遗传偏离指数(D)为-0.718 9~0.072 5,表明三个养殖群体遗传多样性均较高。从群体间的遗传结构看,三个养殖群体间存在遗传分化,其中江西新干胭脂鱼养殖群体内具有显著的遗传分化。野外采自赣江的5尾胭脂鱼的遗传结构分析推断其可能来自永丰和新干胭脂鱼繁殖基地的子一代个体,其结果对胭脂鱼的人工放流监测有指导意义。
Study was conducted on genetic diversity and genetic structure of first filial generation based on microsatellite molecular marker for Chongqing,Yongfeng and Xingan breeding bases,China. The results showed that 13 microsatellite loci was polymorphism and the number of allele was 8 ~ 16. The range of PIC,Shannon diversity index,observed heterozygosity,expected heterozygosity,Hard- Weinberg genetic deviation index were 0. 35 ~ 0. 84,1. 61 ~ 1. 64,0. 108 1 ~0. 825 5,0. 384 6 ~ 0. 856 8,0. 718 9 ~ 0. 072 5,respectively. The results indicated three cultured population had higher genetic diversity. Genetic structure of population analysis showed that the three populations had genetic divergence,and cultured population in the Xingan city was conspicuous. Analysis of genetic structure of 5 samples collected from the Ganjiang River inferred that they come from the first filial generation in Yongfeng and Xingan breeding base,and the result provided basis for artificial releasing monitoring.
Study was conducted on genetic diversity and genetic structure of first filial generation based on microsatellite molecular marker for Chongqing,Yongfeng and Xingan breeding bases,China. The results showed that 13 microsatellite loci was polymorphism and the number of allele was 8 ~ 16. The range of PIC,Shannon diversity index,observed heterozygosity,expected heterozygosity,Hard- Weinberg genetic deviation index were 0. 35 ~ 0. 84,1. 61 ~ 1. 64,0. 108 1 ~0. 825 5,0. 384 6 ~ 0. 856 8,0. 718 9 ~ 0. 072 5,respectively. The results indicated three cultured population had higher genetic diversity. Genetic structure of population analysis showed that the three populations had genetic divergence,and cultured population in the Xingan city was conspicuous. Analysis of genetic structure of 5 samples collected from the Ganjiang River inferred that they come from the first filial generation in Yongfeng and Xingan breeding base,and the result provided basis for artificial releasing monitoring.
引文
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[15]成为为,汪登强,危起伟,等.基于微卫星标记对长江中上游胭脂鱼增殖放流效果的评估[J].中国水产科学,2014,21(3):574-580.
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[18]Raymond M,Rousset F.GENEPOP(version 1.2):population genetics software for exact tests and ecumenicism[J].J Hered,1995,86(3):248-249.
[19]王长忠,梁宏伟,邹桂伟,等.长江中上游两个鲢群体遗传变异的微卫星分析[J].遗传,2008,30(10):1341-1348.
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[21]李莉,孙振兴,杨树德,等.用微卫星标记分析皱纹盘鲍群体的遗传变异[J].遗传,2006,28(12):1549-1554.
[22]Botstein D,White R L,Skolnick M,et al.Construction of a genetic linkage map in man using restriction fragment length polymorphisms[J].Am J Hum Genet,1980,32(3):314-331.
[23]季维智,宿兵.遗传多样性研究的原理与方法[M].杭州:浙江科学技术出版社,1999.
[24]Sophie Hubert D H.Linkage maps of microsatellite DNA markers for the pacific oyster crassostrea gigas[J].Genetics,2004,168(1):351-362.
[25]Cordeiro G M,Maguire T L,Edwards K J,et al.Optimisation of a microsatellite enrichment technique in Saccharum spp[J].Plant Mol Biol Rep,1999,17(3):225-229.
[26]Thorpe J P.The molecular clock hypothesis:biochemical evolution,genetic differentiation and systematics[J].Annual Rev Ecol Systematics,2003,13(4):139-168.
[27]Sunnucks P.Efficient genetic markers for population biology[J].Trends in Ecology&Evolution,2000,15(15):199-203.
[28]Wright S.Evolution and the genetics of populations[M].Variability within and among natural populations.Chicago:University of Chicago Press,1978.
[29]Boivin T,Bouvier J C,Beslay D,et al.Variability in diapause propensity within populations of a temperate insect species:interactions between insecticide resistance genes and photoperiodism[J].Biol J Linn Soc,2004,83(3):341-351.
[30]Crawford A M,Littlepohn R P.The use of DNA marker in deciding conservation priorities in sheep and other livestock[J].Anim Genet Resour Inf,1998,23(1):21-26.
[2]吴国犀,刘乐和,王志玲,等.葛洲坝水利枢纽坝下宜昌江段胭脂鱼的年龄与生长[J].淡水渔业,1990(2):3-8.
[3]张春光,赵亚辉.长江胭脂鱼的洄游问题及水利工程对其资源的影响[J].动物学报,2001,47(5):518-521.
[4]汪松,乐佩琦,陈宜瑜.中国濒危动物红皮书鱼:类[M].北京:科学出版社,1998.
[5]伍献文,杨干荣,乐佩琦,等.中国经济动物志-淡水鱼类(第二版)[M].北京:科学出版社,1979:32-33.
[6]梁维波,于深礼.辽宁近海渔场海蜇增殖放流情况回顾与发展的探讨[J].中国水产,2007,26(7):72-74.
[7]Raquel G,Teresa A,Susana L,et al.Conservation genetics of the endangered Dorcas gazelle(Gazella dorcas spp.)in Northwestern Africa[J].Conserv Genet,2012,13(4):1003-1015.
[8]Hulak M,Kaspar V,Kohlmann K,et al.Microsatellite-based genetic diversity and differentiation of foreign common carp(Cyprinus carpio)strains farmed in The Czech Republic[J].Aquaculture,2010,298(3):194-201.
[9]Borrell Y J,Alvarez J,Blanco G,et al.A parentage study using microsatellite loci in a pilot project for aquaculture of the European anchovy Engraulis encrasicolus L[J].Aquaculture,2011,310(3):305-311.
[10]Ruan X H,Wang W J,Kong J,et al.Genetic linkage mapping of turbot(Scophthalmus maximus L.)using microsatellite markers and its application in QTL analysis[J].Aquaculture,2010,308(3):89-100.
[11]何舜平,乐佩琦,陈宜瑜.鲤形目鱼类咽齿形态及发育的比较研究[J].动物学报,1997,43(3):255-262.
[12]周剑光,杨德国,吴国犀,等.胭脂鱼仔幼鱼发育及苗种培育技术[J].华中农业大学学报,1999,18(3):263-267.
[13]祝东梅,杨坤,王卫民,等.中国胭脂鱼的细胞遗传学分析[J].中国水产科学,2013,20(3):682-688.
[14]杨钟,史方,阙延福,等.长江胭脂鱼人工放流子一代遗传多样性初步研究[J].水生态学杂志,2010,3(5):17-20.
[15]成为为,汪登强,危起伟,等.基于微卫星标记对长江中上游胭脂鱼增殖放流效果的评估[J].中国水产科学,2014,21(3):574-580.
[16]Cheng W,Wang D,Du H,et al.Isolation and characterization of23 microsatellite loci in the Chinese sucker(Myxocyprinus asiaticus)[J].Conserv Geneti Resour,2012,5(2):375-377.
[17]Li P,Zhang Y,Peng Z.Development of 34 new microsatellite markers for the endangered Chinese sucker(Myxocyprinus asiaticus)using 454 sequencing[J].Conserv Genet Resour,2013,5(2):441-444.
[18]Raymond M,Rousset F.GENEPOP(version 1.2):population genetics software for exact tests and ecumenicism[J].J Hered,1995,86(3):248-249.
[19]王长忠,梁宏伟,邹桂伟,等.长江中上游两个鲢群体遗传变异的微卫星分析[J].遗传,2008,30(10):1341-1348.
[20]Evanno G,Regnaut S,Goudet J.Detecting the number of clusters of individuals using the software structure:a simulation study[J].Mol Ecol,2005,14(8):2611-2620.
[21]李莉,孙振兴,杨树德,等.用微卫星标记分析皱纹盘鲍群体的遗传变异[J].遗传,2006,28(12):1549-1554.
[22]Botstein D,White R L,Skolnick M,et al.Construction of a genetic linkage map in man using restriction fragment length polymorphisms[J].Am J Hum Genet,1980,32(3):314-331.
[23]季维智,宿兵.遗传多样性研究的原理与方法[M].杭州:浙江科学技术出版社,1999.
[24]Sophie Hubert D H.Linkage maps of microsatellite DNA markers for the pacific oyster crassostrea gigas[J].Genetics,2004,168(1):351-362.
[25]Cordeiro G M,Maguire T L,Edwards K J,et al.Optimisation of a microsatellite enrichment technique in Saccharum spp[J].Plant Mol Biol Rep,1999,17(3):225-229.
[26]Thorpe J P.The molecular clock hypothesis:biochemical evolution,genetic differentiation and systematics[J].Annual Rev Ecol Systematics,2003,13(4):139-168.
[27]Sunnucks P.Efficient genetic markers for population biology[J].Trends in Ecology&Evolution,2000,15(15):199-203.
[28]Wright S.Evolution and the genetics of populations[M].Variability within and among natural populations.Chicago:University of Chicago Press,1978.
[29]Boivin T,Bouvier J C,Beslay D,et al.Variability in diapause propensity within populations of a temperate insect species:interactions between insecticide resistance genes and photoperiodism[J].Biol J Linn Soc,2004,83(3):341-351.
[30]Crawford A M,Littlepohn R P.The use of DNA marker in deciding conservation priorities in sheep and other livestock[J].Anim Genet Resour Inf,1998,23(1):21-26.