苏北—南黄海盆地海相中—古生界密度和速度分析及其地震反射模型构建
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摘要
苏北—南黄海盆地海相中—古生界地震成像难度大,给油气勘探及相关研究带来巨大困难。从地震反射波成因于岩石密度和速度的差异这一原理,构建适用的反射模型,识别地震标志层,推测地层归属。通过充分调研该区目的层密度和速度资料,分析和对比获取这些资料的四种方法和途径,总结速度和密度随岩性、地层年代、埋深和成岩作用的变化特征,然后构建了该区目的层的速度、密度和地震反射模型,并与实际地震资料进行对比。研究认为:目的层上部海相地层中碳酸盐岩与碎屑岩在速度、密度物性上差异大,下部地层这种差异较小;在构建的地震反射模型中,古生界内部存在3个强反射标志层,分别对应下二叠统栖霞组/孤峰组界面、下石炭统高骊山组/和州组界面和上奥陶统汤头组/五峰组界面。模型界面可与南黄海盆地古生界深部优质层段地震资料对比。
Seismic imaging of marine Mesozoic-Paleozoic is difficult in the North Jiangsu-to-South Yellow Sea Basin,which brings many difficulties to the pe-troleum exploration.A reflection model can be built based on the principle that rock density and velocity differences cause different seismic reflection waves,and seismic markers can be recognized and formation properties can be predicted.Therefore we investigate target density and velocity data in the study area,analyze velocity and density variation with depth,lithology,stratigraphic,and diagenesis.Then we build velocity,density,and reflection models of the target,and compare them with seismic data.Based on this research,there is large difference in velocity and density between carbonate rocks and clastic rocks in the upper marine strata of the target,and there is little difference between them in the lower strata.In the built reflection model,there are 3 markers of strong reflection in the Paleozoic,corresponding to 3 interfaces:they are the interface between Qixia formation and Gufeng formation in the lower Permian,the interface between Gaolishan formation and Hezhou formation of the Lower Carboniferous,and the interface between Tangtou formation and Wufeng formation of the upper Ordovician.These model interfaces can compare with the first quality of latest seismic data in the South Yellow Sea Basin.
Seismic imaging of marine Mesozoic-Paleozoic is difficult in the North Jiangsu-to-South Yellow Sea Basin,which brings many difficulties to the pe-troleum exploration.A reflection model can be built based on the principle that rock density and velocity differences cause different seismic reflection waves,and seismic markers can be recognized and formation properties can be predicted.Therefore we investigate target density and velocity data in the study area,analyze velocity and density variation with depth,lithology,stratigraphic,and diagenesis.Then we build velocity,density,and reflection models of the target,and compare them with seismic data.Based on this research,there is large difference in velocity and density between carbonate rocks and clastic rocks in the upper marine strata of the target,and there is little difference between them in the lower strata.In the built reflection model,there are 3 markers of strong reflection in the Paleozoic,corresponding to 3 interfaces:they are the interface between Qixia formation and Gufeng formation in the lower Permian,the interface between Gaolishan formation and Hezhou formation of the Lower Carboniferous,and the interface between Tangtou formation and Wufeng formation of the upper Ordovician.These model interfaces can compare with the first quality of latest seismic data in the South Yellow Sea Basin.
引文
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[14]王衍棠,王立飞,曾祥辉等.南黄海盆地和北黄海盆地地震速度分析.物探与化探,2008,32(3):241-246.Wang Yantang,Wang Lifei,Zeng Xianghui et al.Apreliminary analysis of the seismic velocity in the South Yellow Sea Basin and the North Yellow Sea Basin.Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,2008,32(3):241-246.
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[17]Yao Y J,Chen C F,Feng Z Q et al.Tectonic evolution and hydrocarbon potential in northern area of the South Yellow Sea.Journal of Earth Science,2010,21(1):71-82.
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[19]胡红雷.苏北地区前陆变形构造特征与形成机制[学位论文].安徽合肥:合肥工业大学,2014.Hu Honglei.Characteristics and Formation Mechanism of Foreland Deformation in the Subei Region[D].Hefei University of Technology,Hefei,Anhui,2014.
[20]王璞,胡天跃,Matheny Paul.宽线技术在下扬子地区页岩气勘探中的应用.石油地球物理勘探,2014,49(4):634-640.Wang Pu,Hu Tianyue,Paul Matheny.Wideline acquisition for shale gas exploration in Lower Yangtze area.OGP,2014,49(4):634-640.
[21]熊忠,高顺莉,张敏强等.上下源宽线地震采集技术在南黄海中部隆起的应用.石油地球物理勘探,2016,51(4):647-653.Xiong Zhong,Gao Shunli,Zhang Minqiang et al.Wide line seismic acquisition with over/under sources in the central uplift of South Yellow Sea Basin.OGP,2016,51(4):647-653.
[22]程元方,李素闪,张文栋等.海底电缆资料处理关键技术及其应用.石油地球物理勘探,2017,52(增刊2):26-31.Cheng Yuanfang,Li Sushan,Zhang Wendong et al.Key techniques for OBC data processing.OGP,2017,52(S2):26-31.
[23]Liu K,Liu H S,Wu Z Q et al.Seismic acquisition parameters analysis for deep weak reflectors in the South Yellow Sea.Journal of Ocean University of China,2016,15(5):758-766.
[24]陈建文,张异彪,刘俊等.南黄海高富强"地震勘查技术及其应用.海洋地质前沿,2016,32(10):9-17.Chen Jianwen,Zhang Yibiao,Liu Jun et al.TheHRS"seismic exploration technology and its application in the South Yellow Sea Basin.Marine Geology Frontiers,2016,32(10):9-17.
[25]李慧,成德安,金婧.网格层析成像速度建模方法与应用.石油地球物理勘探,2013,48(增刊1):12-16.Li Hui,Cheng Dean,Jin Jing.Velocity model building based on grid tomography.OGP,2013,48(S1):12-16.
[26]耿赟.下扬子苏南地区中古生界油气成藏规律研究[学位论文].山东青岛:中国石油大学(华东),2014.Geng Yun.Research on Petroleum Accumulation in Mesozoic-Paleozoic,Southern Jiangsu,Lower Yangtze Region[D].China University of Petroleum,Qingdao,Shandong,2014.
[27]包汉勇,杨风丽,王丹萍等.苏南地区中、古生界沉积岩地球化学特征---以圣科1井为例.吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2011,41(1):29-38.Bao Hanyong,Yang Fengli,Wang Danping et al.Geochemical characteristics of sedimentary rock in Southern Jiangsu province on Mesozoic and Paleozoic:Aperspective from the Shengke-1 well.Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition),2011,41(1):29-38.
[28]梁兴.中国南方海相改造型盆地含油气保存单元综合评价[学位论文].四川成都:西南石油大学,2006.Liang Xing.The Comprehensive Evaluation of Hydrocarbon Preservation Units in Modifying-type Basins of Sea Facies in South China[D].Southwest Petroleum University,Chengdu,Sichuan,2006.
[29]雷宝华,陈建文,李刚等.南黄海盆地二叠系地震地层特征与识别.海洋地质前沿,2016,32(1):29-34.Lei Baohua,Chen Jianwen,Li Gang et al.Seismic stratigraphic features and recognition of the Permian in the South Yellow Sea Basin.Marine Geology Frontiers,2016,32(1):29-34.
[30]曾萍.G78区域大剖面综合解释与苏北盆地构造特征.石油天然气学报,2007,29(3):82-86.Zeng Ping.Synthetic interpretation of the G78profile and tectonic characteristics of Subei basin.Journal of Oil and Gas Technology,2007,29(3):82-86.
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[33]郭彤楼.四川盆地奥陶系储层发育特征与勘探潜力.石油与天然气地质,2014,35(3):372-378.Guo Tonglou.Charateristics and exploration potential of Ordovician reservoirs in Sichuan basin.Oil&Gas Geology,2014,35(3):372-378.
[2]陈沪生,张永鸿,徐师文等.下扬子及邻区岩石圈结构构造特征与油气资源评价.北京:地质出版社,1999,13-17.Chen Husheng,Zhang Yonghong,Xu Shiwen et al.The lithospheric textural and structural features as well as oil and gas evaluation in the lower Yangtze area and its adjacent region,China.Geological Publishing House,Beijing,1999,13-17.
[3]孙肇才.板内形变与晚期成藏∥孙肇才石油地质论文选.北京:地质出版社,2003,70-103.Sun Zhaocai.Intraplate deformation and late stage oil accumulation∥Sun Zhaocais Paper Selection on Petroleum Geology.Geological Publishing House,Beijing,2003,70-103.
[4]徐剑春,吴成平,李文勇等.苏北盆地岩石密度界面划分及特征.中国地质调查,2017,4(4):74-79.Xu Jianchun,Wu Chengping,Li Wenyong et al.Interface division and characteristics of the rocks density in the Northern Jiangsu Basin.Geological Survey of China,2017,4(4):74-79.
[5]杨德洲,金兴国,宣小石等.江苏地区中、古生界构造成图方法研究及其应用效果.石油地球物理勘探,2001,36(5):618-625.Yang Dezhou,Jin Xingguo,Xuan Xiaoshi et al.Study of Mesozoic-Paleozoic structure mapping method in Jiangsu area and its application effects.OGP,2001,36(5):618-625.
[6]吴志强.黄海地层岩石物理特征及其对地震勘探技术的挑战.中国海上油气(地质),2003,17(6):407-411.Wu Zhiqiang.Petrophysical properties of Yellow Sea sediments and their challenges to seismic survey.China Offshore Oil and Gas(Geology),2003,17(6):407-411.
[7]吴志强,何拥军,陈建文等.我国近海沉积层地震速度特征.海洋地质动态,2005,21(9):22-24,27.Wu Zhiqiang,He Yongjun,Chen Jianwen et al.Seismic velocity characteristics of offshore sediments in China.Marine Geology Letters,2005,21(9):22-24,27.
[8]吴志强.南黄海中部隆起海相地层油气地震勘探关键技术研究[学位论文].山东青岛:中国海洋大学,2009.Wu Zhiqiang.The Seismic Techniques for Exploring Marine Facies Stratigraphic Hydrocarbon Entrapped in the Middle Uplift of the South Yellow Sea[D].Ocean University of China,Qingdao,Shandong,2009.
[9]杨艳秋,易春燕,李刚.南黄海中部隆起地震层序地层的识别及其地质时代探讨.海相油气地质,2015,20(4):49-56.Yang Yanqiu,Yi Chunyan,Li Gang.Sequence stratigraphic identification and geologic age inference of seismic profiles in Central Uplift,South Yellow Sea.Marine Origin Petroleum Geology,2015,20(4):49-56.
[10]Li W Y,Liu Y X,Li B et al.Hydrocarbon exploration in the South Yellow Sea based on airborne gravity,China.Journal of Earth Science,2016,27(4):686-698.
[11]邱旭明.下扬子海相地层地震内幕反射的地质成因.石油与天然气地质,2011,32(3):397-403.Qiu Xuming.Geologic origin of the internal seismic reflection of marine strata in the Lower Yangtze region.Oil&Gas Geology,2011,32(3):397-403.
[12]吴向阳,曾海东,金兴国等.苏南SK1井钻探结果对下扬子区油气勘探的启示.石油勘探与开发,2000,27(5):5-7.Wu Xiangyang,Zeng Haidong,Jin Xingguo et al.Prospective enlightenment obtained from the drilling result of SK1in Sunan area of lower Yangtze.Petroleum Exploration and Development,2000,27(5):5-7.
[13]张雷,魏赟,高顺莉等.南黄海中、古生界地震反射特征模拟分析与勘探对策.中国石油勘探,2013,18(2):26-29.Zhang Lei,Wei Yun,Gao Shunli et al.Analog analysis and exploration solution of seismic reflection characteristics of Mesozoic-Paleozoic in South Yellow Sea.China Petroleum Exploration,2013,18(2):26-29.
[14]王衍棠,王立飞,曾祥辉等.南黄海盆地和北黄海盆地地震速度分析.物探与化探,2008,32(3):241-246.Wang Yantang,Wang Lifei,Zeng Xianghui et al.Apreliminary analysis of the seismic velocity in the South Yellow Sea Basin and the North Yellow Sea Basin.Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,2008,32(3):241-246.
[15]Zhao W Z,Wang Z C,Zhang S C et al.Analysis on forming conditions of deep marine reservoirs and their concentration belts in superimposed basins in China.Chinese Science Bulletin,2007,52(S1):12-27.
[16]杨琦,陈红宇.苏北-南黄海盆地构造演化.石油实验地质,2003,25(增刊1):562-565.Yang Qi,Chen Hongyu.Tectonic evolution of the North Jiangsu-South Yellow Sea Basin.Petroleum Geology&Expeximent,2003,25(S1):562-565.
[17]Yao Y J,Chen C F,Feng Z Q et al.Tectonic evolution and hydrocarbon potential in northern area of the South Yellow Sea.Journal of Earth Science,2010,21(1):71-82.
[18]郭斌,王斌,张月辉.苏北-南黄海盆地地震构造基本特征.华北地震科学,2013,31(1):38-44.Guo Bin,Wang Bin,Zhang Yuehui.Seismotectonic characteristic of Northern-Jiangsu-Southern-YellowSea Basin.North China Earthquake Sciences,2013,31(1):38-44.
[19]胡红雷.苏北地区前陆变形构造特征与形成机制[学位论文].安徽合肥:合肥工业大学,2014.Hu Honglei.Characteristics and Formation Mechanism of Foreland Deformation in the Subei Region[D].Hefei University of Technology,Hefei,Anhui,2014.
[20]王璞,胡天跃,Matheny Paul.宽线技术在下扬子地区页岩气勘探中的应用.石油地球物理勘探,2014,49(4):634-640.Wang Pu,Hu Tianyue,Paul Matheny.Wideline acquisition for shale gas exploration in Lower Yangtze area.OGP,2014,49(4):634-640.
[21]熊忠,高顺莉,张敏强等.上下源宽线地震采集技术在南黄海中部隆起的应用.石油地球物理勘探,2016,51(4):647-653.Xiong Zhong,Gao Shunli,Zhang Minqiang et al.Wide line seismic acquisition with over/under sources in the central uplift of South Yellow Sea Basin.OGP,2016,51(4):647-653.
[22]程元方,李素闪,张文栋等.海底电缆资料处理关键技术及其应用.石油地球物理勘探,2017,52(增刊2):26-31.Cheng Yuanfang,Li Sushan,Zhang Wendong et al.Key techniques for OBC data processing.OGP,2017,52(S2):26-31.
[23]Liu K,Liu H S,Wu Z Q et al.Seismic acquisition parameters analysis for deep weak reflectors in the South Yellow Sea.Journal of Ocean University of China,2016,15(5):758-766.
[24]陈建文,张异彪,刘俊等.南黄海高富强"地震勘查技术及其应用.海洋地质前沿,2016,32(10):9-17.Chen Jianwen,Zhang Yibiao,Liu Jun et al.TheHRS"seismic exploration technology and its application in the South Yellow Sea Basin.Marine Geology Frontiers,2016,32(10):9-17.
[25]李慧,成德安,金婧.网格层析成像速度建模方法与应用.石油地球物理勘探,2013,48(增刊1):12-16.Li Hui,Cheng Dean,Jin Jing.Velocity model building based on grid tomography.OGP,2013,48(S1):12-16.
[26]耿赟.下扬子苏南地区中古生界油气成藏规律研究[学位论文].山东青岛:中国石油大学(华东),2014.Geng Yun.Research on Petroleum Accumulation in Mesozoic-Paleozoic,Southern Jiangsu,Lower Yangtze Region[D].China University of Petroleum,Qingdao,Shandong,2014.
[27]包汉勇,杨风丽,王丹萍等.苏南地区中、古生界沉积岩地球化学特征---以圣科1井为例.吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2011,41(1):29-38.Bao Hanyong,Yang Fengli,Wang Danping et al.Geochemical characteristics of sedimentary rock in Southern Jiangsu province on Mesozoic and Paleozoic:Aperspective from the Shengke-1 well.Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition),2011,41(1):29-38.
[28]梁兴.中国南方海相改造型盆地含油气保存单元综合评价[学位论文].四川成都:西南石油大学,2006.Liang Xing.The Comprehensive Evaluation of Hydrocarbon Preservation Units in Modifying-type Basins of Sea Facies in South China[D].Southwest Petroleum University,Chengdu,Sichuan,2006.
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