柔韧棉秆皮纤维/PLA复合材料的制备与性能
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摘要
采用抄造与热压相结合的方法,制备了薄且柔韧的棉秆皮纤维/聚乳酸(PLA)复合材料。该复合材料是由聚乳酸包覆、填充的棉秆皮纤维网,具有较好的柔韧性。研究了棉秆皮纤维与聚乳酸质量比和热压时间对复合材料结构、拉伸性能和弯曲刚度的影响。结果表明,棉秆皮纤维与PLA质量比为1/1,热压15 min(温度190℃)为最佳条件。该条件制得的复合材料厚(0. 126±0. 006) mm,干、湿态下的拉伸强度分别为12. 15、4. 88 MPa,断裂伸长率分别为1. 55%、1. 5%,杨氏模量分别为1 126、508 MPa,弯曲刚度为0. 35 N·cm2/cm。该研究为纤维增强热塑性复合材料的制备方法提供了新的思路,也有利于提高废弃棉秆皮的利用率。
Flexible and thin cotton stalk bark fibers/polylactide( PLA) composite was prepared by the combining method of papermaking and thermo-compression. The composite was composed of the cotton stalk bark fiber nets which were covered and filled with PLA. The structures could improve the flexibility of the composite. The effects of the mass ratio of cotton stalk bark fiber and PLA and thermo-compression time on the structures,tensile properties and bending stiffness of the composite were investigated. The results indicated that the mass ratio of 1/1,thermo-compression of 15 min at thermo-compression temperature of 190 ℃ were optimum conditions. Under the optimum condition,the composite had a thickness of(0. 126 ± 0. 006) mm,bending stiffness was 0. 35 N·cm2/cm,under dry and wet conditions tensile strength were 12. 15 and 4. 88 MPa,elongation at break were 1. 55% and 1. 5%,Young's modulus were 1 126 and 508 MPa,respectively. A new method for preparing fiber reinforced thermoplastic materials was presented. It was helpful to improve the utilization rate of the waste cotton stalk barks.
Flexible and thin cotton stalk bark fibers/polylactide( PLA) composite was prepared by the combining method of papermaking and thermo-compression. The composite was composed of the cotton stalk bark fiber nets which were covered and filled with PLA. The structures could improve the flexibility of the composite. The effects of the mass ratio of cotton stalk bark fiber and PLA and thermo-compression time on the structures,tensile properties and bending stiffness of the composite were investigated. The results indicated that the mass ratio of 1/1,thermo-compression of 15 min at thermo-compression temperature of 190 ℃ were optimum conditions. Under the optimum condition,the composite had a thickness of(0. 126 ± 0. 006) mm,bending stiffness was 0. 35 N·cm2/cm,under dry and wet conditions tensile strength were 12. 15 and 4. 88 MPa,elongation at break were 1. 55% and 1. 5%,Young's modulus were 1 126 and 508 MPa,respectively. A new method for preparing fiber reinforced thermoplastic materials was presented. It was helpful to improve the utilization rate of the waste cotton stalk barks.
引文
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[2]李敏雯,张钦发,李夏君,等.共混工艺对长竹纤维/聚丙烯共混材料力学性能的影响[J].塑料,2017,46(1):43-45.
[3] REDDY N,YANG Y. Novel green composites using zein as matrix and jute fibers as reinforcement[J]. Biomass and Bioenergy,2011,35(8):3496-3503.
[4] YEON Y K,PARK H S,LEE J M,et al. New concept of 3D printed bone clip(polylactic acid/hydroxyapatite/silk composite)for internal fixation of bone fractures[J]. Journal of Biomaterials Science:Polymer Edition,2018,29(7/8/9):894-906.
[5] WANG F,YANG M,ZHOU S,et al. Effect of fiber volume fraction on the thermal and mechanical behavior of polylactide-based composites incorporating bamboo fibers[J]. Journal of Applied Polymer Science,2018,135(15):46148.
[6]王双磊,李金埔,赵洪亮,等.棉花秸秆利用现状与还田潜力分析研究[J].山东农业大学学报:自然科学版,2014,45(2):310-315.
[7] HOU X,SUN P,YAN D,et al. Preparation of lightweight polypropylene composites reinforced by cotton stalk fibers from combined steam flash-explosion and alkaline treatment[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production,2014,83:454-462.
[8]潘刚伟,侯秀良,朱澍,等.用于复合材料的小麦秸秆纤维性能及制备工艺[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(9):287-292.
[9] YU Z,ZHANG B,YU F,et al. A real explosion:the requirement of steam explosion pretreatment[J]. Bioresource Technology,2012,121:335-341.
[10] HOU X,ZHANG L,WIZI J,et al. Preparation and properties of cotton stalk bark fibers using combined steam explosion and laccase treatment[J]. Journal of Applied Polymer Science,2017,134(32):45058.
[11]刘卓.碱处理对剑麻纤维增强聚乳酸可降解复合材料性能的影响[J].塑料,2016,45(6):25-29.
[12]魏小淞,卢翔,陈荣源,等. PBS/蒲草纤维复合材料的制备与性能[J].塑料,2015,44(2):36-39.
[13]胡松喜,冯彦洪,瞿金平.连续式蒸汽爆破对PBS/棉秆皮纤维复合材料拉伸性能的影响[J].塑料工业,2014,42(10):75-80.
[14]康玉萍.棉秆皮纤维/聚乳酸纤维复合地膜的研制[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆大学,2015.
[15]吴峥.棉秆皮纤维/聚乳酸复合汽车内饰板的性能研究[D].大连:大连工业大学,2013.
[16] WU H,LANG X,HUANG L,et al. The utilization of cotton stalk bark to reinforce the mechanical and thermal properties of bio-flour plastic composites[J]. Construction and Building Materials,2016,118:337-343.
[17]杨丹,夏胜娟,胡慧聪,等.分次闪爆对棉秆皮纤维结构和性能的影响[J].纤维素科学与技术,2017,25(2):23-29.
[18]刘书钗.制浆造纸分析与检测[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2004.
[19]中国纺织工业协会. GB/T 18318. 1—2009纺织品弯曲性能的测定第1部分:斜面法[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2009.
[20]姚穆.纺织材料学[M]. 4版.北京:中国纺织出版社,2015.
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