自然环境下输电导线同时带电压和电流覆冰试验研究
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摘要
现有输电导线覆冰试验在非线路运行工况下进行,不能模拟输电线路的真实覆冰特性,为此对高电压和大电流发生器进行隔离和绝缘改造,研制了可同时输出最高电压400 kV和最大电流1 500 A的覆冰试验装置。在自然环境下对LGJ–460/60和LGJ–630/55导线开展了同时带电压和电流覆冰增长试验,得到了覆冰厚度和密度随电压、电流变化的曲线,提出了导线带电覆冰增长模型。试验结果表明:运行电流产生的焦耳热可以通过降低水滴冻结速度抑制覆冰增长;当导线表面电场较小时,电压升高使覆冰水滴极化带电和运动速度加快,从而加速覆冰增长;当电场较大时,导线周围出现电晕和离子束,电晕电流加热及离子与水分子碰撞使覆冰增长随电压升高而减慢;且电场会使冰层表面出现毛刺状的冰树枝,覆冰密度随电压的增加逐渐减小。试验结果能够为重冰区运行输电线路抗冰设计及改造提供指导。
Existing icing experiments of transmission conductor are not carried out under operational condition, so the results can not simulate the real icing characteristics of transmission lines. Consequently, by isolation and insulation improvements of high-voltage and large-current generators, developed the experimental equipment for icing accretion which can output the highest voltage of 400 kV and the maximum current of 1 500 A simultaneously. Icing accretion experiments for transmission conductor with the type of LGJ-460/60 and LGJ-630/55 were carried out with simultaneous voltage and current under natural environment. Icing thickness and density variation curves with operating voltage and current were obtained. Based on the above works, a novel energized icing accretion model of conductor was proposed.Experimental results show that the increase of icing thickness can be restrained through decreasing freezing speed of water droplets on conductor by Joule heat arising from running current. When the electric field around the test conductor is low, the water droplets move faster after being polarized and energized, then icing thickness grows gradually with the increase of operating voltage. When the electric field is increased to the appearance of corona and ion beam around the test samples, the growth of icing thickness can be slowed by Joule heat arising from corona current and collision between ions and water molecules. And burr-like ice treeing will appear on the ice surface because of influences of electric field, also,the density of ice layer decreases with the increase of conductor voltage. Results of this research are available for guidance to the anti-icing design and transformation of operating transmission lines in heavy icing areas.
Existing icing experiments of transmission conductor are not carried out under operational condition, so the results can not simulate the real icing characteristics of transmission lines. Consequently, by isolation and insulation improvements of high-voltage and large-current generators, developed the experimental equipment for icing accretion which can output the highest voltage of 400 kV and the maximum current of 1 500 A simultaneously. Icing accretion experiments for transmission conductor with the type of LGJ-460/60 and LGJ-630/55 were carried out with simultaneous voltage and current under natural environment. Icing thickness and density variation curves with operating voltage and current were obtained. Based on the above works, a novel energized icing accretion model of conductor was proposed.Experimental results show that the increase of icing thickness can be restrained through decreasing freezing speed of water droplets on conductor by Joule heat arising from running current. When the electric field around the test conductor is low, the water droplets move faster after being polarized and energized, then icing thickness grows gradually with the increase of operating voltage. When the electric field is increased to the appearance of corona and ion beam around the test samples, the growth of icing thickness can be slowed by Joule heat arising from corona current and collision between ions and water molecules. And burr-like ice treeing will appear on the ice surface because of influences of electric field, also,the density of ice layer decreases with the increase of conductor voltage. Results of this research are available for guidance to the anti-icing design and transformation of operating transmission lines in heavy icing areas.
引文
[1]陆佳政.电网覆冰灾害及防治技术[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2016:3-44.LU Jiazheng. Icing disaster of power system and protection technolo-gies[M]. Beijing, China:China Electric Power Press, 2016:3-44.
[2]LU J Z, ZENG M, ZENG X J, et al. Analysis of ice-covering charac-teristics of china hunan power grid[J]. IEEE Transactions on IndustryApplications, 2015, 51(3):1997-2002.
[3]黄新波,李弘博,朱永灿,等.基于时间序列分析与卡尔曼滤波的输电线路覆冰短期预测[J].高电压技术,2017,43(6):1943-1949.HUANG Xinbo, LI Hongbo, ZHU Yongcan, et al. Short-term forecastfor transmission line icing by time series analysis and kalman filter-ing[J]. High Voltae Engineering, 2017, 43(6):1943-1949.
[4]CHADHAJ,JASTERW.Influenceofturbulenceonthegallopinginstability of iced conductors[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Appa-ratus and Systems, 1975, 94(5):1489-1499.
[5]梁瑜.带电条件下输电线路导线和绝缘子覆冰及电气特性研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2005:39-43.LIANG Yu. Study on icing and electrical characteristics of transmis-sionconductorsandinsulatorsunderenergizedcondition[D].Chongqing, China:Chongqing University, 2005:39-43.
[6]舒立春,李特,蒋兴良,等.交流电场强度对导线雾凇覆冰特性的影响[J].中国电机工程学报,2012,32(19):140-147.SHU Lichun, LI Te, JIANG Xingliang, et al. Influences of AC electricfield strength on conductor rime icing performance[J]. Proceedings ofthe CSEE, 2012, 32(19):140-147.
[7]陈吉.交流电场对导线覆冰及其电晕起始特性的影响研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2014:31-74.CHEN Ji. Study on the Influence of the AC field on conductor icingandcoronaonsetcharacteristics[D].Chongqing,China:ChongqingUniversity, 2014:31-74.
[8]陆佳政,胡建平,方针.特高压直流输电大截面导线带电覆冰与融冰特性试验研究[J].电网技术,2013,37(5):1258-1264.LU Jiazheng, HU Jianping, FANG Zhen. Experimental investigationon ice-coating and ice-melting of large-section current carrying con-ductorsforUHVDCtransmissionproject[J].PowerSystemTechnology, 2013, 37(5):1258-1264.
[9]HUNEAULTM,LANGHEITC,CARONJ.Combinedmodelsforglaze ice accretion and de-icing of current-carrying electrical conduc-tors[J].IEEETransactionsonPowerDelivery,2005,20(2):1611-1616.
[10]PERSONNEP,GAYETJF.Iceaccretiononwiresandanti-icinginduced by the Joule effect[J]. Journal of Applied Meteorology, 1988,27(2):101-110.
[11]胡琴,于洪杰,李毅,等.分裂导线覆冰增长模拟计算及试验验证[J].高电压技术,2017,42(3):900-908.HU Qin, YU Hongjie, LI Yi, et al. Numerical and experimental studyofaccretediceonbundleconductor[J].HighVoltageEngineering,2017, 43(3):900-908.
[12]袁伟,舒立春,蒋兴良,等.交流电场对220kV复合绝缘子覆冰及其闪络特性的影响[J].高电压技术,2013,39(6):1541-1548.YUANWei,SHULichun,JIANGXinliang,etal.InfluenceofACelectricalfieldon220kVcompositeinsulatorsicingandflashovercharacteristics[J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2013, 39(6):1541-1548.
[13]陆佳政,胡建平,方针,等.雪峰山脉小沙江自然灾害试验场覆冰与融冰试验[J].高电压技术,2014,40(2):388-394.LUJiazheng,HUJianping,FANGZhen,etal.Icingaccretionandice-melting test at Xiaoshajiang natural disasters test site in Xuefengmountain[J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2014, 40(2):388-394.
[14]黄新波,张冠军,李俊峰.电网的大气覆冰[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2010:5-7.HUANG Xinbo, ZHANG Guanjun, LI Junfeng. Atmospheric icing ofpower networks[M]. Beijing, China:China Electric Power Press, 2010:5-7.
[15]赵玉顺,李剑,胡建林,等.超疏水涂层覆冰过冷水滴捕获率研究[J].高电压技术,2016,42(3):914-922.ZHAO Yushun, LI Jian, HU Jianlin, et al. Study on capture rates ofsuper-cooled water droplets on super-hydrophobic coating under icingconditions[J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2016, 42(3):914-922.
[16]PéTERZ,FARZANEHM,KISSLI.Assessmentofthecurrentintensity for preventing ice accretion on overhead conductors[J]. IEEETransactions on Power Delivery, 2007, 22(1):565-574.
[2]LU J Z, ZENG M, ZENG X J, et al. Analysis of ice-covering charac-teristics of china hunan power grid[J]. IEEE Transactions on IndustryApplications, 2015, 51(3):1997-2002.
[3]黄新波,李弘博,朱永灿,等.基于时间序列分析与卡尔曼滤波的输电线路覆冰短期预测[J].高电压技术,2017,43(6):1943-1949.HUANG Xinbo, LI Hongbo, ZHU Yongcan, et al. Short-term forecastfor transmission line icing by time series analysis and kalman filter-ing[J]. High Voltae Engineering, 2017, 43(6):1943-1949.
[4]CHADHAJ,JASTERW.Influenceofturbulenceonthegallopinginstability of iced conductors[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Appa-ratus and Systems, 1975, 94(5):1489-1499.
[5]梁瑜.带电条件下输电线路导线和绝缘子覆冰及电气特性研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2005:39-43.LIANG Yu. Study on icing and electrical characteristics of transmis-sionconductorsandinsulatorsunderenergizedcondition[D].Chongqing, China:Chongqing University, 2005:39-43.
[6]舒立春,李特,蒋兴良,等.交流电场强度对导线雾凇覆冰特性的影响[J].中国电机工程学报,2012,32(19):140-147.SHU Lichun, LI Te, JIANG Xingliang, et al. Influences of AC electricfield strength on conductor rime icing performance[J]. Proceedings ofthe CSEE, 2012, 32(19):140-147.
[7]陈吉.交流电场对导线覆冰及其电晕起始特性的影响研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2014:31-74.CHEN Ji. Study on the Influence of the AC field on conductor icingandcoronaonsetcharacteristics[D].Chongqing,China:ChongqingUniversity, 2014:31-74.
[8]陆佳政,胡建平,方针.特高压直流输电大截面导线带电覆冰与融冰特性试验研究[J].电网技术,2013,37(5):1258-1264.LU Jiazheng, HU Jianping, FANG Zhen. Experimental investigationon ice-coating and ice-melting of large-section current carrying con-ductorsforUHVDCtransmissionproject[J].PowerSystemTechnology, 2013, 37(5):1258-1264.
[9]HUNEAULTM,LANGHEITC,CARONJ.Combinedmodelsforglaze ice accretion and de-icing of current-carrying electrical conduc-tors[J].IEEETransactionsonPowerDelivery,2005,20(2):1611-1616.
[10]PERSONNEP,GAYETJF.Iceaccretiononwiresandanti-icinginduced by the Joule effect[J]. Journal of Applied Meteorology, 1988,27(2):101-110.
[11]胡琴,于洪杰,李毅,等.分裂导线覆冰增长模拟计算及试验验证[J].高电压技术,2017,42(3):900-908.HU Qin, YU Hongjie, LI Yi, et al. Numerical and experimental studyofaccretediceonbundleconductor[J].HighVoltageEngineering,2017, 43(3):900-908.
[12]袁伟,舒立春,蒋兴良,等.交流电场对220kV复合绝缘子覆冰及其闪络特性的影响[J].高电压技术,2013,39(6):1541-1548.YUANWei,SHULichun,JIANGXinliang,etal.InfluenceofACelectricalfieldon220kVcompositeinsulatorsicingandflashovercharacteristics[J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2013, 39(6):1541-1548.
[13]陆佳政,胡建平,方针,等.雪峰山脉小沙江自然灾害试验场覆冰与融冰试验[J].高电压技术,2014,40(2):388-394.LUJiazheng,HUJianping,FANGZhen,etal.Icingaccretionandice-melting test at Xiaoshajiang natural disasters test site in Xuefengmountain[J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2014, 40(2):388-394.
[14]黄新波,张冠军,李俊峰.电网的大气覆冰[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2010:5-7.HUANG Xinbo, ZHANG Guanjun, LI Junfeng. Atmospheric icing ofpower networks[M]. Beijing, China:China Electric Power Press, 2010:5-7.
[15]赵玉顺,李剑,胡建林,等.超疏水涂层覆冰过冷水滴捕获率研究[J].高电压技术,2016,42(3):914-922.ZHAO Yushun, LI Jian, HU Jianlin, et al. Study on capture rates ofsuper-cooled water droplets on super-hydrophobic coating under icingconditions[J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2016, 42(3):914-922.
[16]PéTERZ,FARZANEHM,KISSLI.Assessmentofthecurrentintensity for preventing ice accretion on overhead conductors[J]. IEEETransactions on Power Delivery, 2007, 22(1):565-574.