划布轮法鉴定新疆野苹果树腐烂病抗性方法的建立
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摘要
中国新疆野苹果正遭受大面积死亡的生态危机,而腐烂病是主要诱因之一,急需对该植物资源进行抢救性保护。本研究旨在探索快速、高效及适用于野外的野苹果腐烂病抗性株快速筛选鉴定的方法。通过室内对5株15个新疆野苹果离体枝条和田间50株250片离体叶片进行划布轮刺伤,并接菌腐烂病强致病03-8菌株,25℃保湿观察。结果表明,枝条刺伤接菌8 d后发病率达100%,平均病斑长度为24～114 mm;叶片刺伤接菌4 d后发病率达100%,病斑面积比率为7%～88%,并鉴定出不同植株腐烂病抗性差异。表明对刺伤的枝条和叶片接菌是一种快速高效可信的腐烂病抗性株筛选鉴定方法,并适用于田间大样本量的抗性株初级筛选鉴定操作。
Valsa canker is one of the most destructive fungal diseases of Malus sieversii in Xinjiang,China,which has caused seriously damage in natural populations. Screening and utilization sources with strong resistance to valsa canker is quite emergent task for the ecological reconstruction. To establish a rapid selection and identification method to identify resistance sources,15 twigs of 5 M.sieversii trees and 250 leaves of 50 M.sieversii trees from M.sieversii Xinyuan county nursery,Xinjiang,were rapidly injured with pattern wheel in laboratory,and were inoculated with strain 03-8 to moisturize the plant at 25 ℃. The results shows that the disease incidence of twigs was 100% on the eighth day,the mean lesion length was between 24-114 mm. The disease incidence of leaves was 100% on the fourth day,and the percentage of leaf area covered by lesion(PLACL) was between 7%-88%. Based on twigs and leaves inoculation,relatively strong valsa canker resistant accessions of M.sieversii were selected. This study shows that puncture inoculation of leaves and twigs is a rapid,efficient and credible valsa canker resistance selection and identification method,and is also suitable for field test.
Valsa canker is one of the most destructive fungal diseases of Malus sieversii in Xinjiang,China,which has caused seriously damage in natural populations. Screening and utilization sources with strong resistance to valsa canker is quite emergent task for the ecological reconstruction. To establish a rapid selection and identification method to identify resistance sources,15 twigs of 5 M.sieversii trees and 250 leaves of 50 M.sieversii trees from M.sieversii Xinyuan county nursery,Xinjiang,were rapidly injured with pattern wheel in laboratory,and were inoculated with strain 03-8 to moisturize the plant at 25 ℃. The results shows that the disease incidence of twigs was 100% on the eighth day,the mean lesion length was between 24-114 mm. The disease incidence of leaves was 100% on the fourth day,and the percentage of leaf area covered by lesion(PLACL) was between 7%-88%. Based on twigs and leaves inoculation,relatively strong valsa canker resistant accessions of M.sieversii were selected. This study shows that puncture inoculation of leaves and twigs is a rapid,efficient and credible valsa canker resistance selection and identification method,and is also suitable for field test.
引文
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[12] 刘欣颖,吕松,王忆,等.苹果种质资源对苹果树腐烂病抗性评价[J].果树学报,2011,28(5):843-848. LIU X Y,Lü S,WANG Y,et al.Evaluation of resistance of Malus germplasms to apple canker (Valsa ceratosperma) [J].Journal of Fruit Science,2011,28(5):843-848.
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[17] ROZSNYAY Z S,APOSTOL J.Breeding for sweet and sour cherry disease resistance in hungary [J].Acta Horticulturae,2005,667(1):117-122.
[18] BESSHO H,KOMORI S,SOEJIMA J.Simple excised twig assay of Malus species for determining resistance to Valsa canker [J].Acta Horticulturae,2004,658:391-397.
[2] WANG X L,WEI J L,HUANG L L,et al.Re-evaluation of pathogens causing Valsa canker on apple in China [J].Mycologia,2011,103(2):317-324.
[3] YIN Z Y,LIU H Q,LI Z P,et al.Genome sequence of Valsa canker pathogens uncovers a potential adaptation of colonization of woody bark [J].New Phytologist,2015,208(4):1202-1216.
[4] ZHANG Y M,FENG T,ZHANG C Y,et al.Advances in research of the Malus sieversii (Lebed) Roem.[J].Acta Horticulturae Sinica,2009,36(3):447-452.
[5] YANG H J,CUI D F,XU ZH,et al.Analysis on the components and resource situation of seed plants in the wild fruit forest in Tianshan mountain in China [J].Journal of Plant Resources and Environment,2003,12(2):39-45.
[6] 张春雨,陈学森,林群,等.新疆野苹果群体遗传结构和遗传多样性的SRAP分析[J].园艺学报,2009,36(1):7-14. ZHANG CH Y,CHEN X S,LIN Q,et al.SNAP marker for population genetic structure and genetil diversity in Malus sieversii from Xinjiang,China[J].Acta Horticulturae Sinica,2009,36(1):7-14.
[7] DUAN N B,BAI Y,SUN H H,et al.Genome re-sequencing reveals the history of apple and supports a two-stage model for fruit enlargement [J].Nature Communications,2017,8(1):249.
[8] LIU A H,ZHANG X P,WEN J B,et al.Preliminary research on the composite damage of Agrilus mali matsumura and Valsa mali miyabe et yamada in wild apple trees in Tianshan mountain [J].Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences,2014,51(12):2240-2244.
[9] 臧睿,黄丽丽,康振生,等.陕西苹果树腐烂病菌Cytospora spp.不同分离株的生物学特性与致病性研究[J].植物病理学报,2007,37(4):343-351. ZANG R,HUANG L L,KANG ZH SH,et al.Biological characteristics and pathogenicity of different isolates of Cytospora spp.isolated from apple trees in Shaanxi province[J].Acta Phytopathologica Sinica,2007,37(4):343-351.
[10] 刘开启,牟慧芳,刘晖,等.苹果树腐烂病侵染来源的研究[J].山东农业大学学报,1996,27(3):281-283. LIU K Q,MU H F,LIU H,et al.Studies on the pathogen sources of Valsa canker of apple[J].Journal of Shandong Agricultural University,1996,27(3):281-283.
[11] WEI J L,HUANG L L,GAO Z P,et al.Laboratory evaluation methods of apple Valsa canker disease caused by Valsa ceratosperma sensu Kobayashi [J].Acta Phytopathologica Sinica,2010,40(1):14-20.
[12] 刘欣颖,吕松,王忆,等.苹果种质资源对苹果树腐烂病抗性评价[J].果树学报,2011,28(5):843-848. LIU X Y,Lü S,WANG Y,et al.Evaluation of resistance of Malus germplasms to apple canker (Valsa ceratosperma) [J].Journal of Fruit Science,2011,28(5):843-848.
[13] ABE K,KOTODA N,KATO H,et al.Resistance sources to Valsa canker (Valsa ceratosperma) in a germplasm collection of diverse Malus species [J].Plant Breeding,2007,126(4):449-453.
[14] STEWART E L,MCDONALD B A.Measuring quantitative virulence in the wheat pathogen Zymoseptoria tritici using high-throughput automated image analysis [J].Phytopathology,2014,104(9):985-992.
[15] ABRAMOFF M D,MAGELHAES P J,RAM S J.Image processing with image[J].Biophotonics International,2004,11(5/6):36-42.
[16] CHANG L S,IEZZONI A F,ADAMS G.Excised-shoot assay for tolerance of peach to Leucostoma persoonii [J].Hortculturac Science,1989,246(6):1011-1012.
[17] ROZSNYAY Z S,APOSTOL J.Breeding for sweet and sour cherry disease resistance in hungary [J].Acta Horticulturae,2005,667(1):117-122.
[18] BESSHO H,KOMORI S,SOEJIMA J.Simple excised twig assay of Malus species for determining resistance to Valsa canker [J].Acta Horticulturae,2004,658:391-397.