基于分散型旋转圆导体的覆冰参数预测
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摘要
输电线路导线、绝缘子覆冰严重威胁电力系统的安全可靠运行,对覆冰环境参数进行实时监测是研究导线、绝缘子覆冰机理的关键。该文从旋转圆导体空气、水滴二相流分布出发,计算分析了不同直径圆导体水滴碰撞特性和冻结特性,以此为基础,推导了不同直径旋转圆导体覆冰速率随风速、水滴中值直径的变化规律,确定了以五个旋转圆导体为积冰器进行覆冰参数预测的方法。运用差分进化算法理论,建立基于改进的差分进化算法的覆冰参数预测模型,模型预测误差小于10%。在雪峰山自然覆冰基地开展了覆冰验证试验,利用自主设计的分散型旋转圆导体对6.7h覆冰期进行了不间断监测,装置工作状态良好,将试验所得数据代入预测模型,所得风速、环境温度、水滴中值直径、空气液态水含量四个环境参数预测值平均误差均小于7%,验证了装置测量数据以及预测模型准确度。
Icing of transmission line and insulator threats the reliability of electric power system.Real-time Surveying of environment parameters is the key for icing mechanism research. Beginning with the two-phrase flow field, this paper analyzed the collision and freezing characteristics of water droplets, based on which, the icing rates of rotating conductors with different diameters were investigated, and the results helped confirming the method in which five rotating conductors can be used as icing objects for predicting environment parameters. With the help of differential evolution algorithm(DE), a predictive model for environment parameters based on modified DE was established,which has a good degree of accuracy lower than 10%. The verification tests were conducted at the Xuefeng Mountain icing base, decentralized rotating conductors were used to capture the icing data of a period of 6.7 h, the devices had a good working condition and the data were inputted into the predictive model. The predicted parameters including the wind speed, environment temperature,middle value diameter of water droplet and liquid water contain of air have errors lower than 7% which confirms the validity of the predictive model.
Icing of transmission line and insulator threats the reliability of electric power system.Real-time Surveying of environment parameters is the key for icing mechanism research. Beginning with the two-phrase flow field, this paper analyzed the collision and freezing characteristics of water droplets, based on which, the icing rates of rotating conductors with different diameters were investigated, and the results helped confirming the method in which five rotating conductors can be used as icing objects for predicting environment parameters. With the help of differential evolution algorithm(DE), a predictive model for environment parameters based on modified DE was established,which has a good degree of accuracy lower than 10%. The verification tests were conducted at the Xuefeng Mountain icing base, decentralized rotating conductors were used to capture the icing data of a period of 6.7 h, the devices had a good working condition and the data were inputted into the predictive model. The predicted parameters including the wind speed, environment temperature,middle value diameter of water droplet and liquid water contain of air have errors lower than 7% which confirms the validity of the predictive model.
引文
[1]蒋兴良,易辉.输电线路覆冰及防护[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2002.
[2]黄强,王家红,欧名勇.2005年湖南电网冰灾事故分析及其应对措施[J].电网技术,2005,29(24):16-19.Huang Qiang,Wang Jiahong,Ou Mingyong.Analysis on accidents caused by icing damage in Hunan power grid in 2005 and its countermeasures[J].Power System Technology,2005,29(24):16-19.
[3]李庆峰,范峥,吴穹,等.全国输电线路覆冰情况调研及事故分析[J].电网技术,2008,32(9):33-36.Li Qingfeng,Fan Zheng,Wu Qiong,et al.Investigation of ice-covered transmission lines and analysis on transmission line failures caused by icecoating in China[J].Power System Technology,2008,32(9):33-36.
[4]蒋正龙,陆佳政,雷红才,等.湖南2008年冰灾引起的倒塔原因分析[J].高电压技术,2008,34(11):2468-2474.Jiang Zhenglong,Lu Jiazheng,Lei Hongcai,et al.Analysis of the causes of tower collapses in Hunan during the 2008 ice storm[J].High Voltage Engineering,2008,34(11):2468-2474.
[5]蒋兴良,卢杰,苑吉河,等.输电线路绝缘子串防冰闪措施研究[J].电网技术,2008,32(14):19-24.Jiang Xingliang,Lu Jie,Yuan Jihe,et al.Study on measures to prevent icing flashover of insulator strings[J].Power System Technology,2008,32(14):19-24.
[6]蒋兴良,申强.环境参数对导线覆冰厚度影响的试验分析[J].高电压技术,2010,36(5):1096-1100.Jiang Xingliang,Shen Qiang.Experimental research on influence of environmental parameters on the conductor icing thickness[J].High Voltage Engineering,2010,36(5):1096-1100.
[7]孙才新,蒋兴良,熊启新,等.导线覆冰及其干湿增长临界条件分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2003,23(3):141-145.Sun Caixin,Jiang Xingliang,Xiong Qixin,et al.Analysis of critical conditions of conductors icing and wet-to-dry growth[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2003,23(3):141-145.
[8]张志劲,蒋兴良,胡建林,等.环境参数对绝缘子表面覆冰增长的影响[J].高电压技术,2010,36(10):2418-2423.Zhang Zhijin,Jiang Xingliang,Hu Jianlin,et al.Influence of environment parameters on the icing accretion on the surface of insulator[J].High Voltage Engineering,2010,36(10):2418-2423.
[9]赵世华,蒋兴良,张志劲,等.环境参数对110kV复合绝缘子覆冰增长过程的影响[J].高电压技术,2012,38(10):2575-2581.Zhao Shihua,Jiang Xingliang,Zhang Zhijin,et al.Impact of environmental parameters on the icing process of 110kV composite insulators[J].High Voltage Engineering,2012,38(10):2575-2581.
[10]蒋兴良,韩兴波,胡玉耀,等.冰棱生长对绝缘子覆冰过程的影响分析[J].电工技术学报,2018,33(9):2089-2096.Jiang Xingliang,Han Xingbo,Hu Yuyao,et al.Analysis of icicles influences on icing process of insulators[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2018,33(9):2089-2096.
[11]郭裕钧,蒋兴良,孟志高,等.带并联间隙地线复合绝缘子直流覆冰闪络特性[J].电工技术学报,2017,32(14):252-258.Guo Yujun,Jiang Xingliang,Meng Zhigao,et al.DCicing flashover performance of composite insulators with a parallel air gap used for overhead ground wire insulation[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2017,32(14):252-258.
[12]蒋兴良,胡玉耀,汪泉霖,等.覆冰绝缘子导电离子分布规律[J].电工技术学报,2017,32(15):199-206.Jiang Xingliang,Hu Yuyao,Wang Quanlin,et al.Distribution of conductive ions in ice-covered composite insulators[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2017,32(15):199-206.
[13]蒋兴良,郭思华,胡建林,等.不同覆雪形态对悬式绝缘子直流负极性闪络特性的影响[J].电工技术学报,2018,33(2):451-458.Jiang Xingliang,Guo Sihua,Hu Jianlin,et al.Influence of snow accretion with different shape on negative DC flashover characteristics of suspension insulators[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2018,33(2):451-458.
[14]张志劲,蒋兴良,胡建林,等.覆冰程度对复合绝缘子直流覆冰闪络特性的影响[J].高电压技术,2009,35(10):2545-2550.Zhang Zhijin,Jiang Xingliang,Hu Jianlin,et al.Influence of icing degree on DC icing flashover performance of composite insulator[J].High Voltage Engineering,2009,35(10):2545-2550.
[15]蒋兴良,向泽,张志劲,等.覆冰程度对瓷、玻璃和复合绝缘子交流冰闪特性的影响[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(31):227-233.Jiang Xingliang,Xiang Ze,Zhang Zhijin,et al.Influence of icing degree on AC icing flashover performance of porcelain,glass and composite insulators[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2013,33(31):227-233.
[16]Makkonen L.Models for the growth of rime,glaze,icicles and wet snow on structures[J].Philosophical Transactions Mathematical Physical&Engineering Sciences,2000,358(1776):2913-2939.
[17]Finstad K J.A computational investigation of water droplet trajectories[J].Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology,1988,5(1):160-170.
[18]Fu Ping,Farzaneh M,Bouchard G.Two-dimensional modelling of the ice accretion process on transmission line wires and conductors[J].Cold Regions Science and Technology,2006,46(2):132-146.
[19]张志劲,黄海舟,蒋兴良,等.基于流体力学的不同型式绝缘子覆冰增长过程分析[J].电工技术学报,2012,27(10):35-43.Zhang Zhijin,Huang Haizhou,Jiang Xingliang,et al.Analysis of ice growth on different type insulators based on fluid dynamics[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2012,27(10):35-43.
[20]张志劲,黄海舟,蒋兴良,等.复合绝缘子雾凇覆冰厚度预测模型[J].电工技术学报,2014,29(6):318-325.Zhang Zhijin,Huang Haizhou,Jiang Xingliang,et al.Model for predicting thickness of rime accreted on composite insulators[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2014,29(6):318-325.
[21]蒋兴良,潘杨,汪泉霖,等.基于等效直径的复合绝缘子覆冰特性与结构参数分析[J].电工技术学报,2017,32(7):190-196.Jiang Xingliang,Pan Yang,Wang Quanlin,et al.Research on icing characteristics of composite insulator and structural parameter analysis based on equivalent diameter[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2017,32(7):190-196.
[22]陈凌.旋转圆柱体覆冰增长模型与线路覆冰参数预测方法研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2011.
[23]蒋兴良,申强,舒立春,等.利用旋转多圆柱导体覆冰质量预测湿增长过程覆冰参数[J].高电压技术,2009,35(12):3071-3076.Jiang Xingliang,Shen Qiang,Shu Lichun,et al.Prediction of wet growth icing parameters by icing quantity of rotating multi-cylindrical conductors[J].High Voltage Engineering,2009,35(12):3071-3076.
[2]黄强,王家红,欧名勇.2005年湖南电网冰灾事故分析及其应对措施[J].电网技术,2005,29(24):16-19.Huang Qiang,Wang Jiahong,Ou Mingyong.Analysis on accidents caused by icing damage in Hunan power grid in 2005 and its countermeasures[J].Power System Technology,2005,29(24):16-19.
[3]李庆峰,范峥,吴穹,等.全国输电线路覆冰情况调研及事故分析[J].电网技术,2008,32(9):33-36.Li Qingfeng,Fan Zheng,Wu Qiong,et al.Investigation of ice-covered transmission lines and analysis on transmission line failures caused by icecoating in China[J].Power System Technology,2008,32(9):33-36.
[4]蒋正龙,陆佳政,雷红才,等.湖南2008年冰灾引起的倒塔原因分析[J].高电压技术,2008,34(11):2468-2474.Jiang Zhenglong,Lu Jiazheng,Lei Hongcai,et al.Analysis of the causes of tower collapses in Hunan during the 2008 ice storm[J].High Voltage Engineering,2008,34(11):2468-2474.
[5]蒋兴良,卢杰,苑吉河,等.输电线路绝缘子串防冰闪措施研究[J].电网技术,2008,32(14):19-24.Jiang Xingliang,Lu Jie,Yuan Jihe,et al.Study on measures to prevent icing flashover of insulator strings[J].Power System Technology,2008,32(14):19-24.
[6]蒋兴良,申强.环境参数对导线覆冰厚度影响的试验分析[J].高电压技术,2010,36(5):1096-1100.Jiang Xingliang,Shen Qiang.Experimental research on influence of environmental parameters on the conductor icing thickness[J].High Voltage Engineering,2010,36(5):1096-1100.
[7]孙才新,蒋兴良,熊启新,等.导线覆冰及其干湿增长临界条件分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2003,23(3):141-145.Sun Caixin,Jiang Xingliang,Xiong Qixin,et al.Analysis of critical conditions of conductors icing and wet-to-dry growth[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2003,23(3):141-145.
[8]张志劲,蒋兴良,胡建林,等.环境参数对绝缘子表面覆冰增长的影响[J].高电压技术,2010,36(10):2418-2423.Zhang Zhijin,Jiang Xingliang,Hu Jianlin,et al.Influence of environment parameters on the icing accretion on the surface of insulator[J].High Voltage Engineering,2010,36(10):2418-2423.
[9]赵世华,蒋兴良,张志劲,等.环境参数对110kV复合绝缘子覆冰增长过程的影响[J].高电压技术,2012,38(10):2575-2581.Zhao Shihua,Jiang Xingliang,Zhang Zhijin,et al.Impact of environmental parameters on the icing process of 110kV composite insulators[J].High Voltage Engineering,2012,38(10):2575-2581.
[10]蒋兴良,韩兴波,胡玉耀,等.冰棱生长对绝缘子覆冰过程的影响分析[J].电工技术学报,2018,33(9):2089-2096.Jiang Xingliang,Han Xingbo,Hu Yuyao,et al.Analysis of icicles influences on icing process of insulators[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2018,33(9):2089-2096.
[11]郭裕钧,蒋兴良,孟志高,等.带并联间隙地线复合绝缘子直流覆冰闪络特性[J].电工技术学报,2017,32(14):252-258.Guo Yujun,Jiang Xingliang,Meng Zhigao,et al.DCicing flashover performance of composite insulators with a parallel air gap used for overhead ground wire insulation[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2017,32(14):252-258.
[12]蒋兴良,胡玉耀,汪泉霖,等.覆冰绝缘子导电离子分布规律[J].电工技术学报,2017,32(15):199-206.Jiang Xingliang,Hu Yuyao,Wang Quanlin,et al.Distribution of conductive ions in ice-covered composite insulators[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2017,32(15):199-206.
[13]蒋兴良,郭思华,胡建林,等.不同覆雪形态对悬式绝缘子直流负极性闪络特性的影响[J].电工技术学报,2018,33(2):451-458.Jiang Xingliang,Guo Sihua,Hu Jianlin,et al.Influence of snow accretion with different shape on negative DC flashover characteristics of suspension insulators[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2018,33(2):451-458.
[14]张志劲,蒋兴良,胡建林,等.覆冰程度对复合绝缘子直流覆冰闪络特性的影响[J].高电压技术,2009,35(10):2545-2550.Zhang Zhijin,Jiang Xingliang,Hu Jianlin,et al.Influence of icing degree on DC icing flashover performance of composite insulator[J].High Voltage Engineering,2009,35(10):2545-2550.
[15]蒋兴良,向泽,张志劲,等.覆冰程度对瓷、玻璃和复合绝缘子交流冰闪特性的影响[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(31):227-233.Jiang Xingliang,Xiang Ze,Zhang Zhijin,et al.Influence of icing degree on AC icing flashover performance of porcelain,glass and composite insulators[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2013,33(31):227-233.
[16]Makkonen L.Models for the growth of rime,glaze,icicles and wet snow on structures[J].Philosophical Transactions Mathematical Physical&Engineering Sciences,2000,358(1776):2913-2939.
[17]Finstad K J.A computational investigation of water droplet trajectories[J].Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology,1988,5(1):160-170.
[18]Fu Ping,Farzaneh M,Bouchard G.Two-dimensional modelling of the ice accretion process on transmission line wires and conductors[J].Cold Regions Science and Technology,2006,46(2):132-146.
[19]张志劲,黄海舟,蒋兴良,等.基于流体力学的不同型式绝缘子覆冰增长过程分析[J].电工技术学报,2012,27(10):35-43.Zhang Zhijin,Huang Haizhou,Jiang Xingliang,et al.Analysis of ice growth on different type insulators based on fluid dynamics[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2012,27(10):35-43.
[20]张志劲,黄海舟,蒋兴良,等.复合绝缘子雾凇覆冰厚度预测模型[J].电工技术学报,2014,29(6):318-325.Zhang Zhijin,Huang Haizhou,Jiang Xingliang,et al.Model for predicting thickness of rime accreted on composite insulators[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2014,29(6):318-325.
[21]蒋兴良,潘杨,汪泉霖,等.基于等效直径的复合绝缘子覆冰特性与结构参数分析[J].电工技术学报,2017,32(7):190-196.Jiang Xingliang,Pan Yang,Wang Quanlin,et al.Research on icing characteristics of composite insulator and structural parameter analysis based on equivalent diameter[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2017,32(7):190-196.
[22]陈凌.旋转圆柱体覆冰增长模型与线路覆冰参数预测方法研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2011.
[23]蒋兴良,申强,舒立春,等.利用旋转多圆柱导体覆冰质量预测湿增长过程覆冰参数[J].高电压技术,2009,35(12):3071-3076.Jiang Xingliang,Shen Qiang,Shu Lichun,et al.Prediction of wet growth icing parameters by icing quantity of rotating multi-cylindrical conductors[J].High Voltage Engineering,2009,35(12):3071-3076.