钻柱内孔变径结构条件下微波传播衰减规律研究
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摘要
为掌握钻柱內孔微波传输的最佳频点,获取微波信道的衰减规律及有效传输距离,将钻柱内孔视为超长不规则有耗圆波导,采用微波耦合理论计算了其微波最佳传输频点,分析了信道中的微波模式。采用微波传输等效电路法建立了信道模型,研究并建立了钻柱内孔微波信道信号衰减规律模型。同时针对超长钻柱,提出单位长度平均功率损耗系数对有效传输距离进行简化分析。研究结果表明,钻柱内孔沿轴向存在内径渐变段和突变点,微波传输存在大量反射过程,信道的阻抗变化是影响传输质量的主要因素。建立的衰减模型比仅考虑表面电阻涡流损耗的模型更准确,更具有现场指导意义。
In this paper,the drill string bore is regarded as an irregular lossy cylindrical waveguide,in order to obtain the best frequency point,the attenuation law and the effective transmission distance of the microwave channel. The best transmission frequency point of microwave is calculated by the electromagnetic wave coupling theory,and the microwave mode in the channel is analyzed. Furthermore,the channel model is established by microwave transmission equivalent circuit method and the signal attenuation rule of drill string bore microwave channel is established. In addition,in view of the ultra-long drill string channel,this paper proposes a simplified analysis method of effective transmission distance using average loss coefficient of unit length. The test results show that the pipe bore of drill string has several inner diameter gradual change sections and sudden change points along the axial direction,and there are a lot of reflection processes in the microwave transmission,therefore the channel impedance changes is the main factors affecting the transmission quality. The attenuation model established in this paper is more accurate than the model considering only the eddy current loss of surface resistance,which is more helpful for on-site guidance.
In this paper,the drill string bore is regarded as an irregular lossy cylindrical waveguide,in order to obtain the best frequency point,the attenuation law and the effective transmission distance of the microwave channel. The best transmission frequency point of microwave is calculated by the electromagnetic wave coupling theory,and the microwave mode in the channel is analyzed. Furthermore,the channel model is established by microwave transmission equivalent circuit method and the signal attenuation rule of drill string bore microwave channel is established. In addition,in view of the ultra-long drill string channel,this paper proposes a simplified analysis method of effective transmission distance using average loss coefficient of unit length. The test results show that the pipe bore of drill string has several inner diameter gradual change sections and sudden change points along the axial direction,and there are a lot of reflection processes in the microwave transmission,therefore the channel impedance changes is the main factors affecting the transmission quality. The attenuation model established in this paper is more accurate than the model considering only the eddy current loss of surface resistance,which is more helpful for on-site guidance.
引文
[1]李皋.气体钻井随钻安全风险识别与监控[J].天然气工业,2015,35(7):66-72Li G. While drilling safety risk identificati-on and monitoring in air drilling[J]. Natural Gas Industry,2015,35(7):66-72
[2] Chen W Y,Fang B. MWD drilling mud signal de-noising and signal extraction research based on the pulse-code information[A]. Proceedings of the 2010 International Conference on Wavelet Analysis and Pattern Recognition[C],2010.11-14
[3] Li W,Nie Z P. Wireless transmission of MWD and LWD signal based on guidance of metal pipes and relay of transceivers[J]. IEEE Transactions on Geosciences and Remote Sensing,2016,54(8):4855-4866
[4]杜睿攀.随钻测量数据的井下无线电磁传输系统设计研究[D].西安:西安石油大学,2013Du R P. Design and research on down-hole wireless electromagnetic transmission system of measure-ment-whiledrilling(MWD)data[D]. Xi’an:Xi’an Shiyou University,2013
[5]孙海芳.广安002-H8井气体钻水平井实践[J].天然气工业,2008,28(4):61-63Sun H F. Gas drilling practices in the horizontal well Guang An 002-H8[J]. Natural Gas Industry,2008,28(4):61-63
[6] Dai J,Liu Q H. Efficient computation of electromagnetic waves in anisotropic orthogonal-plano cylindrically layered media using the improved numerical mode matching method[J]. IEEE Transactions on Antennas&Propagation,2015,63(8):3569-3578
[7] Hussain S,Huelvan Y. Measurement while drilling,logging while drilling,and rotary steerable systems performance,benefits,and challenges in managed pressure drilling and underbalanced drilling[A]. SPE Conference[C],Bergen,2014
[8]孟晓峰,陈一健,周静.钻杆中微波传输特性的分析[J].北京师范大学学报,2010,46(2):151-155Meng X F,Chen Y J,Zhou J. Analyzing microwave propagation properties in drilling stem[J]. Journal of Beijing Normal University,2010,46(2):151-155
[9] Jin A K. Electromagnetic wave theory[M]. Beijing:Publishing House of Electronics Industry,2003. 470-476
[10]王玉龙.利用微波解除输气管道中天然气水合物堵塞的可行性研究[D].西安:西安石油大学,2013Wang Y L. Feasibility study of natural gas hydrate in gas pipeline unplugging by using microwave[D]. Xi’an:Xi’an Shiyou University,2013
[11]赵克玉,许福永.微波原理与技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006.80-93,240-289Zhao K Y,Xu F Y. Microwave theory and technology[M]. Beijing:Higher Education Press,2006. 80-93,240-289
[12]李宁平,鄢扬,袁学松.非线性渐变圆波导的数值分析[J].真空电子技术,2009,1:44-47Li N P,Yan Y,Yuan X S. Numerical analysis of nonlinear circular wave guide taper[J]. Vacuum Electronics,2009,1:44-47
[13]陶亚雄.现代通信原理[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2013. 8-13Tao Y X. Modern communication principle[M]. Beijing:Publishing House of Electronics Industry,2013.8-13
[14]于新华.高功率毫米波模式变换和传输关键技术的研究[D].成都:电子科技大学,2010.14-17Yu X H. Study of key techniques on high-power millimeter wave mode conversion and transmission[D]. Chengdu:University of Electronic Science and Technology of China,2010. 14-17
[15]田昊展,徐润展,肖璐瑶,等.石油钻杆与套管间空气层中微波传输模式的分析[J].北京师范大学学报,2012,48(6):613-616Tian H Z,Xu R Z,Xiao L Y,et al. Analyzing microwave propagation in air between drilling stem and its cover tube[J]. Journal of Beijing Normal University,2012,48(6):613-616
[16]李冰玉,张申.隧道内微波多径传播特性的仿真[J].微波学报,2003,19(4):37-41Li B Y,Zhang S. The simulation of multipath propagation characteristic of microwave in a tunnel[J]. Journal of Microwaves,2003,19(4):37-41
[17]巨琰.无线超宽带信道模型的分析与仿真[D].南京:南京邮电大学,2013Ju Y. Modeling and simulation of UWB wireless communi-cation channel[D]. Nanjing:Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications,2013
[18]Xia W H,Meng Y F. Study on multipath channels model of microwave propagation in a drill pipe[J]. Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications,2018,32(2):129-137
[19]Memg X F,Chen Y J. Microwave propagation in air drilling[J]. Petrol Sci,2010,7:390
[2] Chen W Y,Fang B. MWD drilling mud signal de-noising and signal extraction research based on the pulse-code information[A]. Proceedings of the 2010 International Conference on Wavelet Analysis and Pattern Recognition[C],2010.11-14
[3] Li W,Nie Z P. Wireless transmission of MWD and LWD signal based on guidance of metal pipes and relay of transceivers[J]. IEEE Transactions on Geosciences and Remote Sensing,2016,54(8):4855-4866
[4]杜睿攀.随钻测量数据的井下无线电磁传输系统设计研究[D].西安:西安石油大学,2013Du R P. Design and research on down-hole wireless electromagnetic transmission system of measure-ment-whiledrilling(MWD)data[D]. Xi’an:Xi’an Shiyou University,2013
[5]孙海芳.广安002-H8井气体钻水平井实践[J].天然气工业,2008,28(4):61-63Sun H F. Gas drilling practices in the horizontal well Guang An 002-H8[J]. Natural Gas Industry,2008,28(4):61-63
[6] Dai J,Liu Q H. Efficient computation of electromagnetic waves in anisotropic orthogonal-plano cylindrically layered media using the improved numerical mode matching method[J]. IEEE Transactions on Antennas&Propagation,2015,63(8):3569-3578
[7] Hussain S,Huelvan Y. Measurement while drilling,logging while drilling,and rotary steerable systems performance,benefits,and challenges in managed pressure drilling and underbalanced drilling[A]. SPE Conference[C],Bergen,2014
[8]孟晓峰,陈一健,周静.钻杆中微波传输特性的分析[J].北京师范大学学报,2010,46(2):151-155Meng X F,Chen Y J,Zhou J. Analyzing microwave propagation properties in drilling stem[J]. Journal of Beijing Normal University,2010,46(2):151-155
[9] Jin A K. Electromagnetic wave theory[M]. Beijing:Publishing House of Electronics Industry,2003. 470-476
[10]王玉龙.利用微波解除输气管道中天然气水合物堵塞的可行性研究[D].西安:西安石油大学,2013Wang Y L. Feasibility study of natural gas hydrate in gas pipeline unplugging by using microwave[D]. Xi’an:Xi’an Shiyou University,2013
[11]赵克玉,许福永.微波原理与技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006.80-93,240-289Zhao K Y,Xu F Y. Microwave theory and technology[M]. Beijing:Higher Education Press,2006. 80-93,240-289
[12]李宁平,鄢扬,袁学松.非线性渐变圆波导的数值分析[J].真空电子技术,2009,1:44-47Li N P,Yan Y,Yuan X S. Numerical analysis of nonlinear circular wave guide taper[J]. Vacuum Electronics,2009,1:44-47
[13]陶亚雄.现代通信原理[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2013. 8-13Tao Y X. Modern communication principle[M]. Beijing:Publishing House of Electronics Industry,2013.8-13
[14]于新华.高功率毫米波模式变换和传输关键技术的研究[D].成都:电子科技大学,2010.14-17Yu X H. Study of key techniques on high-power millimeter wave mode conversion and transmission[D]. Chengdu:University of Electronic Science and Technology of China,2010. 14-17
[15]田昊展,徐润展,肖璐瑶,等.石油钻杆与套管间空气层中微波传输模式的分析[J].北京师范大学学报,2012,48(6):613-616Tian H Z,Xu R Z,Xiao L Y,et al. Analyzing microwave propagation in air between drilling stem and its cover tube[J]. Journal of Beijing Normal University,2012,48(6):613-616
[16]李冰玉,张申.隧道内微波多径传播特性的仿真[J].微波学报,2003,19(4):37-41Li B Y,Zhang S. The simulation of multipath propagation characteristic of microwave in a tunnel[J]. Journal of Microwaves,2003,19(4):37-41
[17]巨琰.无线超宽带信道模型的分析与仿真[D].南京:南京邮电大学,2013Ju Y. Modeling and simulation of UWB wireless communi-cation channel[D]. Nanjing:Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications,2013
[18]Xia W H,Meng Y F. Study on multipath channels model of microwave propagation in a drill pipe[J]. Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications,2018,32(2):129-137
[19]Memg X F,Chen Y J. Microwave propagation in air drilling[J]. Petrol Sci,2010,7:390