不同有机基质配方对设施番茄产量及品质的影响
|
摘要
为提高农业废弃物综合利用率及降低农业生态污染,研究了不同体积比腐熟菌渣、稻壳、牛粪复配河沙制成的5种配方基质(T1=6∶0∶1∶1,T2=4∶2∶1∶1,T3=3∶3∶1∶1,T4=2∶4∶1∶1,T5=0∶6∶1∶1)对‘STP-F318’番茄光合速率、果实产量和品质的影响。结果表明,T3处理番茄叶片净光合速率显著高于其他处理,T3、T2处理番茄平均产量分别为157 825.65、150 733.26 kg/hm~2,显著高于其他处理。各配方处理对早春茬番茄维生素C含量影响不显著,而对秋冬茬维生素C含量影响显著。番茄红素含量变化趋势与维生素C含量趋势类似。两茬T5处理番茄可溶性糖含量均最高,与其他处理间差异显著。早春茬T2和T3处理番茄糖酸比为8.43、8.30,秋冬茬T3和T4处理糖酸比为8.16、8.45,口感较佳。综上所述,T3、T2处理番茄叶片净光合速率高,果实品质佳,产量高,适宜在设施土壤退化严重地区推广应用。
Five organic substrates prepared by mixing mushroom dreg,rice husk,cattle manure and river sand at different volume ratios(T1=6∶0∶1∶1,T2=4∶2∶1∶1,T3=3∶3∶1∶1,T4=2∶4∶1∶1,T5=0∶6∶1∶1) were compared to the seek the proper ways of using agricultural wastes to produce ‘STP-F318' tomato and reducing environmental pollution.The results showed that the net photosynthetic rate of tomato leaves under T3 treatment was significantly higher than other treatments.The average yields under T3 and T2 treatments were 157 825.65 and 150 733.26 kg/hm~2,higher than other treatments,respectively.The differences of vitamin C contents were not significant(P>0.05) between treatments in early spring season,while significant(P<0.05) in autumn-winter season.The lycopene contents had similar trends with the vitamin C contents.The soluble sugar content of T5 treatment in early spring and autumn-winter was the highest among the treatments(P<0.05).The sugar-acid ratios were 8.43 and 8.30 under T2 and T3 in early spring,and 8.16 and 8.45 under T3 and T4 in autumn-winter season.In summary,the T3 and T2 treatments of tomato had high photosynthetic rate,quality and yield,which are suitable for popularization and application in areas with serious soil degradation.
Five organic substrates prepared by mixing mushroom dreg,rice husk,cattle manure and river sand at different volume ratios(T1=6∶0∶1∶1,T2=4∶2∶1∶1,T3=3∶3∶1∶1,T4=2∶4∶1∶1,T5=0∶6∶1∶1) were compared to the seek the proper ways of using agricultural wastes to produce ‘STP-F318' tomato and reducing environmental pollution.The results showed that the net photosynthetic rate of tomato leaves under T3 treatment was significantly higher than other treatments.The average yields under T3 and T2 treatments were 157 825.65 and 150 733.26 kg/hm~2,higher than other treatments,respectively.The differences of vitamin C contents were not significant(P>0.05) between treatments in early spring season,while significant(P<0.05) in autumn-winter season.The lycopene contents had similar trends with the vitamin C contents.The soluble sugar content of T5 treatment in early spring and autumn-winter was the highest among the treatments(P<0.05).The sugar-acid ratios were 8.43 and 8.30 under T2 and T3 in early spring,and 8.16 and 8.45 under T3 and T4 in autumn-winter season.In summary,the T3 and T2 treatments of tomato had high photosynthetic rate,quality and yield,which are suitable for popularization and application in areas with serious soil degradation.
引文
[1] 司丽,郑建玲.世界番茄2007中国之行活动启动-中国番茄产业备受国际市场关注[N].中国质量报,2007-08-14(006).
[2] 邢宇俊,程智慧,周艳丽,等.保护地蔬菜连作障碍原因及其调控[J].西北农业学报,2004,13(1):120-123.
[3] Lian Y,Lin X,Yamada S,et al.Soil degradation and prevention in greenhouse production[J].Springerplus,2013,2(1):1-5.
[4] 李萍萍,朱咏莉.基于农林废弃物的植物培育基质开发及应用技术研究进展[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2015,39(5):161-168.
[5] Kraska T,Kleinschmidt B,Weinand J,et al.Cascading use of Miscanthus as growing substrate in soilless cultivation of vegetables(tomatoes,cucumbers) and subsequent direct combustion[J].Scientia Horticulturae,2018,235:205-213.
[6] 徐宇鹏,朱洪光,成潇伟,等.农业废弃物资源化利用产业进化与多产业联动研究[J].中国农机化学报,2018,39(4):90-94.
[7] 王鹏勃,李建明,丁娟娟,等.水肥耦合对温室袋培番茄品质、产量及水分利用效率的影响[J].中国农业科学,2015,48(2):314-323.
[8] 张瑞芬.基质配方对春季塑料大棚番茄幼苗质量及产量的影响[J].北方园艺,2015(14):45-47.
[9] 毛碧增,贺满桥,陈丽闽,等.蘑菇菌糠复配生物基质对番茄营养生长及光合作用的影响[J].核农学报,2015,29(9):1821-1827.
[10] 唐玉新,曲萍,陆岱鹏,等.适合机械化移栽的番茄穴盘育苗基质配方筛选[J].江苏农业学报,2017,33(6):1342-1348.
[11] 尚春明,王玉静,高振江,等.菇渣条件下番茄育苗基质配方的初步研究[J].北方农业学报,2017,45(4):105-108.
[12] 刘中良,焦娟,谷端银,等.菌渣基质栽培对日光温室番茄品质和产量的影响[J].天津农学院学报,2018,25(2):13-16.
[13] 颉旭,王新右,赵帆,等.栽培基质配方对日光温室番茄生长及果实品质的影响[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2014,49(4):58-62.
[14] 王博,王树鹏,胡云飞,等.不同配方复合基质对设施番茄栽培生长、品质及产量的影响[J].西北农业学报,2015,24(8):131-138.
[15] 张小兰,徐阳,张金伟,等.不同配比的控释肥对日光温室袋培番茄基质养分及其生长、产量和品质的影响[J].水土保持学报,2018,32(3):309-314.
[16] NY/t 1651-2008,蔬菜及制品中番茄红素的测定高效液相色谱法[S].
[17] 李小方,张志良.植物生理学试验指导[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2016.
[18] 张治安,陈展宇.植物生理学实验技术[M].长春:吉林大学出版社,2008.
[19] 于宏祥,杨睿,王树鹏,等.有机基质配方对温室辣椒生理特性及产量的影响[J].中国农业科技导报,2015,17(3):107-115.
[20] 李蒙,杜静,束胜,等.樱桃番茄栽培醋糟基质配为一研究[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2015,46(1):19-25.
[21] 王俊玲.番茄光合的光谱效应研究[D].石家庄:河北农业大学,2015.
[22] 时连辉.几种农业废弃物堆肥过程中理化性状的变化研究[J].山东农业大学学报(自然科学版),2017,48(5):716-721.
[23] 康丽敏.不同复合基质的理化特性及其对温室番茄果实品质和产量的影响[J].河南农业科学,2015,44(3):108-110,114.
[24] 王雪,张阔,孙志梅,等.氮素水平对萝卜干物质累积特征及源库活性的影响[J].中国农业科学,2014,47(21):4300-4308.
[25] 郭莹,钟鄂蓉,宋兆华,等.香菇菌糠发酵前后营养成分含量的对比分析[J].黑龙江农业科学,2015(8):179.
[26] 高中超,中本和夫,王秋菊,等.稻壳深施对碱土物理性质和苜蓿产量的影响[J].土壤通报,2014,45(4):990-995.
[27] 刘中良,张艳艳,谷端银,等.农业废弃物还田对番茄品质、产量及土壤氮磷钾的影响[J].排灌机械工程学报,2018,36(7):639-644.
[28] 赵海亮,王玉萍,邹志荣,等.牛粪与菇渣配合施用对番茄沙化栽培基质的改良效果[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2013,41(7):189-194,200.
[29] 季延海,赵孟良,武占会,等.番茄栽培基质中菊芋发酵秸秆的适宜配比研究[J].园艺学报,2017,44(8):1599-1608.
[2] 邢宇俊,程智慧,周艳丽,等.保护地蔬菜连作障碍原因及其调控[J].西北农业学报,2004,13(1):120-123.
[3] Lian Y,Lin X,Yamada S,et al.Soil degradation and prevention in greenhouse production[J].Springerplus,2013,2(1):1-5.
[4] 李萍萍,朱咏莉.基于农林废弃物的植物培育基质开发及应用技术研究进展[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2015,39(5):161-168.
[5] Kraska T,Kleinschmidt B,Weinand J,et al.Cascading use of Miscanthus as growing substrate in soilless cultivation of vegetables(tomatoes,cucumbers) and subsequent direct combustion[J].Scientia Horticulturae,2018,235:205-213.
[6] 徐宇鹏,朱洪光,成潇伟,等.农业废弃物资源化利用产业进化与多产业联动研究[J].中国农机化学报,2018,39(4):90-94.
[7] 王鹏勃,李建明,丁娟娟,等.水肥耦合对温室袋培番茄品质、产量及水分利用效率的影响[J].中国农业科学,2015,48(2):314-323.
[8] 张瑞芬.基质配方对春季塑料大棚番茄幼苗质量及产量的影响[J].北方园艺,2015(14):45-47.
[9] 毛碧增,贺满桥,陈丽闽,等.蘑菇菌糠复配生物基质对番茄营养生长及光合作用的影响[J].核农学报,2015,29(9):1821-1827.
[10] 唐玉新,曲萍,陆岱鹏,等.适合机械化移栽的番茄穴盘育苗基质配方筛选[J].江苏农业学报,2017,33(6):1342-1348.
[11] 尚春明,王玉静,高振江,等.菇渣条件下番茄育苗基质配方的初步研究[J].北方农业学报,2017,45(4):105-108.
[12] 刘中良,焦娟,谷端银,等.菌渣基质栽培对日光温室番茄品质和产量的影响[J].天津农学院学报,2018,25(2):13-16.
[13] 颉旭,王新右,赵帆,等.栽培基质配方对日光温室番茄生长及果实品质的影响[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2014,49(4):58-62.
[14] 王博,王树鹏,胡云飞,等.不同配方复合基质对设施番茄栽培生长、品质及产量的影响[J].西北农业学报,2015,24(8):131-138.
[15] 张小兰,徐阳,张金伟,等.不同配比的控释肥对日光温室袋培番茄基质养分及其生长、产量和品质的影响[J].水土保持学报,2018,32(3):309-314.
[16] NY/t 1651-2008,蔬菜及制品中番茄红素的测定高效液相色谱法[S].
[17] 李小方,张志良.植物生理学试验指导[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2016.
[18] 张治安,陈展宇.植物生理学实验技术[M].长春:吉林大学出版社,2008.
[19] 于宏祥,杨睿,王树鹏,等.有机基质配方对温室辣椒生理特性及产量的影响[J].中国农业科技导报,2015,17(3):107-115.
[20] 李蒙,杜静,束胜,等.樱桃番茄栽培醋糟基质配为一研究[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2015,46(1):19-25.
[21] 王俊玲.番茄光合的光谱效应研究[D].石家庄:河北农业大学,2015.
[22] 时连辉.几种农业废弃物堆肥过程中理化性状的变化研究[J].山东农业大学学报(自然科学版),2017,48(5):716-721.
[23] 康丽敏.不同复合基质的理化特性及其对温室番茄果实品质和产量的影响[J].河南农业科学,2015,44(3):108-110,114.
[24] 王雪,张阔,孙志梅,等.氮素水平对萝卜干物质累积特征及源库活性的影响[J].中国农业科学,2014,47(21):4300-4308.
[25] 郭莹,钟鄂蓉,宋兆华,等.香菇菌糠发酵前后营养成分含量的对比分析[J].黑龙江农业科学,2015(8):179.
[26] 高中超,中本和夫,王秋菊,等.稻壳深施对碱土物理性质和苜蓿产量的影响[J].土壤通报,2014,45(4):990-995.
[27] 刘中良,张艳艳,谷端银,等.农业废弃物还田对番茄品质、产量及土壤氮磷钾的影响[J].排灌机械工程学报,2018,36(7):639-644.
[28] 赵海亮,王玉萍,邹志荣,等.牛粪与菇渣配合施用对番茄沙化栽培基质的改良效果[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2013,41(7):189-194,200.
[29] 季延海,赵孟良,武占会,等.番茄栽培基质中菊芋发酵秸秆的适宜配比研究[J].园艺学报,2017,44(8):1599-1608.